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针对农村生活污水污染问题已成为影响我国农村水环境的主要因素以及目前黑灰分离收集处理与现状不相符合,本文对崇明县某村的污水排放特征以及水量水质进行调研,并对硝化预处理系统结合人工湿地反硝化以及脱氮预处理结合人工湿地深度处理两种运行模式进行了深入探讨并分析了其去除机理,结果显示,硝化预处理系统结合人工湿地反硝化由于后续反硝化需要投加大量碳源从经济管理方面而言变得不可行;脱氮预处理结合人工湿地深度处理在预处理系统以进水3h、曝气2h、沉淀0.5h、排水0.5h、气水比40∶1的模式运行、人工湿地水力停留时间为48h条件下出水可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的二级要求,且因氨氮指标的降低大幅缩短了人工湿地的水力停留时间而减小占地面积。 相似文献
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某燃煤电厂2×600MW机组脱硝装置运行过程中,出现催化剂磨损严重、氮氧化物(NOx)排放及氨逃逸量不达标等问题。为了解决这些问题,决定对流场进行优化。首先采用数值模拟方法,分析原方案流场存在的问题,提出合理的优化设计方案,再按照缩小比例进行物模试验验证,最后根据优化方案进行现场改造。优化改造后脱硝运行结果显示:NOx排放浓度稳定在20—40mg/m3,氨逃逸量为1.2—2.0ppm,脱硝效率为86%—90%,达到了超低排放的要求。 相似文献
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《四川环境》2016,(1)
污水生物脱氮过程在非稳定条件下易产生氧化亚氮(N_2O)和一氧化氮(NO)中间产物,从而导致温室效应、臭氧层破坏、酸雨等环境问题。溶解氧(DO)是污水处理厂关键运行参数,也是影响硝化过程N_2O和NO产生的关键影响因素。以实际污水厂A2/O工艺的污泥混合液为研究对象,采用NO和N_2O在线监测方式,考察了两种DO水平下(2~5mg/L和5~8mg/L)硝化进程NO和N_2O释放特性及其释放关系。研究表明,在两种DO水平下(2~5mg/L和5~8mg/L),均可产生N_2O和NO气体,且N_2O释放浓度较NO释放浓度高两个数量级。N_2O气体在低DO水平(2~5mg/L)的释放量较高DO水平(5~8mg/L)高,释放因子(N_2O-Ngaseous/NH3-N进水)为高DO水平的1.5倍。相反,NO则是在高DO水平(5~8mg/L)比低水平DO(2~5mg/L)释放多,NO释放因子(NO-Ngaseous/NH3-N进水)是低DO水平的3.4倍。两种DO水平下,NO和N_2O产生的主要途径为硝化菌反硝化。 相似文献
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Twostepmantis模型是在ASM1模型基础上发展而成,它可对碳氧化、传统硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化过程、好氧反硝化进行模拟。应用Twostepmantis模型,对一序批式活性污泥法(SBR)实验进行模拟预测,结果表明,模型确实可以很有效解释大部分实验数据。 相似文献
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氨法在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在钢铁工业排放的污染物中,烧结烟气中的二氧化硫和焦化废氨水等都是难以处理的污染物。利用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中SO2的氨一硫铵工艺具有脱硫率高、运行可靠、投资低、副产品可以回收等优点,在脱硫的同时也去除了焦化废水中的氨污染,是一种以废治废、有应用前景的新方法。本文介绍了采用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中的SO2的治污方法原理,并对其工艺流程、特点及运行费用等作了分析。 相似文献
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文章介绍了新疆油田在稠油污水处理和回用方面的关键技术和成熟经验,采用强酸性树脂软化技术和化学清洗技术实现了稠油污水回用注汽锅炉。六九区污水处理站采用高效水质稳定技术,使处理后的污水达到了GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准,稠油污水在处理后符合GB 1576—2008《工业锅炉水质》的要求,大幅度降低了注汽锅炉的运行成本;将60℃以上的稠油污水替代清水回注稀油油藏,热水驱油,改善了驱油效果,同时根据污水温度较高的特点,对注水井井口的保温工艺进行改进,实现了稠油污水热能的综合利用,为油田污水治理和回用提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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温度对NH3-N废水硝化动力学参数影响的实验研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
在采用活性污泥法对NH3-N废水进行脱氮处理时,氮的硝化效果是最关键的环节。要使硝化过程获得良好的硝化效果,就必需了解硝化动力学。本研究以高溶度NH3-N废水为研究对象,研究和观测反应温度对硝化过程的影响,得出了有效的动力学参数。 相似文献
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介绍了"五水分流"清洁生产技术、铬液灰液循环利用技术、制革高氨氮废水稳定达标排放技术、MicrowaterTM环境治理微生物技术体系、四相废水深度达标治理专利技术、膜处理回用技术、含铬污泥资源化利用技术等制革行业污染治理集成技术的概况;通过分析应用实例,指出该技术体系在达标治理的前提下,通过清洁生产、高效处理、中水回用、铬泥资源化利用等手段,可有效降低污染治理成本,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
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Wynn R. Walker Gaylord V. Skogerboe 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(5):861-873
ABSTRACT: Optimal policies for supplying rapidly expanding urban centers with additional water supplies are shown to be dependent on water quality goals for the urban effluent. As effluents are required to meet increasingly stringent standards, the unit costs associated with adding capacity to existing wastewater treatment systems to renovate some waters for reuse are shown to substantially decrease. A nonlinear elimination algorithm is developed to delineate optimal policies. A model employing the technique was applied to the wastewater treatment system of a typical urban system and the water quality objectives varied. A comparison of costs with and without various levels of reuse were made and unit costs of reused water under these conditions determined. 相似文献
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Economic and environmental analysis of standard, high efficiency, rainwater flushed, and composting toilets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The current sanitation technology in developed countries is based on diluting human excreta with large volumes of centrally provided potable water. This approach is a poor use of water resources and is also inefficient, expensive, and energy intensive. The goal of this study was to compare the standard sanitation technology (Scenario 1) with alternative technologies that require less or no potable water use in toilets. The alternative technologies considered were high efficiency toilets flushed with potable water (Scenario 2), standard toilets flushed with rainwater (Scenario 3), high efficiency toilets flushed with rainwater (Scenario 4), and composting toilets (Scenario 5). Cost, energy, and carbon implications of these five design scenarios were studied using two existing University of Toledo buildings. The results showed that alternative systems modeled in Scenarios 2, 4, and 5 were viable options both from an investment and an environmental performance perspective. High efficiency fixtures that use potable water (Scenario 2) is often the most preferred method in high efficiency buildings due to reduced water use and associated reductions in annual water and wastewater costs. However, the cost, energy, and CO(2)EE analyses all showed that Scenarios 4 and 5 were preferable over Scenario 2. Cost payback periods of scenarios 2, 4 and 5 were less than 10 years; in the future, increase in water and wastewater services would further decrease the payback periods. The centralized water and wastewater services have high carbon footprints; therefore if carbon footprint reduction is a primary goal of a building complex, alternative technologies that require less potable water and generate less wastewater can largely reduce the carbon footprint. High efficiency fixtures flushed with rainwater (Scenario 4) and composting toilets (Scenario 5) required considerably less energy than direct energy demands of buildings. However, the annual carbon footprint of these technologies was comparable to the annual carbon footprint from space heating. Similarly, the carbon savings that could be achieved from Scenario 4 or 5 were comparable to a recycling program that can be implemented in buildings. 相似文献
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精制棉蒸煮清洗废水(黑液)色度高,成分复杂,属于难处理高浓度有机废水。采用“物化-生化”工艺对其进行处理,BOD、COD、色度、SS去除率分别为95.42%、96.58%、98.25%、70.00%,工程运行稳定,处理费用约为1.93元/m^3。 相似文献