共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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实验研究了旋转直线切向流管式膜器环隙切剖面的流场特征.通过建立膜滤实验装置系统,首次采用PIV激光粒子成像测速系统定量实测了旋转直线切向流管式膜器在不同工况,即不同流体压力、不同入口流量或不同人口切向流速等操作参数下环隙切剖面的流线图和涡量图,并在环隙切剖面内测出了流体切向速度和轴向速度及其分布规律:①在非涡区域,无论操作参数如何变化,在横坐标相同时,靠近旋转切向流人口方向的速度比远离人口方向的速度要大;涡内区域流体的速度一般小于涡外部的流体速度;涡心处速度最低,而且切向速度一般为0;涡心附近的切向速度小 相似文献
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《能源环境保护》2016,(5)
本文设计了一种适用于太阳能膜蒸馏技术的新型层叠式空气隙膜蒸馏组件,该组件结构紧凑,可由冷、热、冷等N层容腔并联运行,膜组件中的分水盘使热溶液调整为沿着膜面切向方向的旋转入流,削弱了膜面附近的温度和浓度极化,提高了膜通量。以自来水为热工质,实验研究了不同膜材料温度和流量对膜通量的影响,工质温度70℃,流量300L/h时其产水通量可达50 kg/m~2.h。如运行10个热容腔,每10 h产水为142 kg,可以解决一家人的正常用水。以太阳能作为组件的加热热源,分析了3 m~2集热系统在自然循环状态下,集热器出口温度、水箱温度和太阳辐射对膜通量的影响,为应用太阳能膜蒸馏解决西部地区苦咸水淡化奠定了实验基础。 相似文献
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《环境工程》2015,(Z1)
以浓盐水为研究对象,选取进料液温度、真空度、进料液流速、超声频率和超声功率5个影响因素,对超声强化减压膜蒸馏工艺中膜通量的影响进行实验研究。实验结果表明:浓盐水超声强化减压膜蒸馏工艺的最佳操作条件为:进料液温度75℃,真空度0.080 MPa,进料液流速1 741 cm/min,超声频率40 k Hz,超声功率500 W。对聚丙烯(PP)和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)两种中空纤维膜进行平行操作条件比对,证明聚丙烯(PP)的膜通量优于四氟乙烯(PTFE)。实验还对最优操作条件下的膜通量衰减规律以及膜表面污染情况进行了分析,表明PP膜的膜通量随时间的延长呈现出一定程度的衰减,当实验装置连续运行1 200 min后,出水电导率从最初的10μs/cm逐渐增加到3 ms/cm,截留率从最初的99.98%下降到96.40%。通过扫描电镜-能谱分析膜表面污染元素为Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na、Cl、K等常见海水元素,结晶物主要为CaCO3和NaCl。综上所述,利用超声强化减压膜蒸馏工艺进行浓盐水资源化,具备技术可行性和良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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中空纤维膜应用于两段式好氧生物反应器的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首先在清水滤过试验的基础上总结了合适的中空纤维膜的预处理方法 ,并对膜进行普通活性污泥的滤过试验 ,测定了在不同操作压力下的滤水通量 ,然后探讨了在两段式好氧生物反应器中用中空纤维膜进行泥水分离的特性。在 10 0d的长期试验中测定有机负荷、CODCr、MLSS等传统参数 ,证实反应器的处理效果 ,同时通过膜通量的变化规律讨论了造成膜污染的原因 ,推荐有效的膜再生方法 相似文献
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采用空气隙膜蒸馏组件,采用美国进口膜,以自来水、伞盖3号原水和苦咸水为工质,实验分析了膜污染情况,结果显示:料液无旋转时,自来水间歇累计运行32 h后出现污染;质量分数分别为20%和50%的盐水8 h后传质通量降低到最初通量32%和12%;3号原水瞬时产生污染,经砂滤处理后为苦咸水,传质通量比原水提高4倍~5倍,运行8h后通量下降到初始通量的6%。削弱膜污染方法采用最优参数的三向旋转入流组件(α=70°、δ=2 mm、β=45°),自来水进入污染期由32 h推迟到65 h,传质通量比无旋转增大近20%;采用具有分水盘的并接式空气隙膜组件,开槽2 mm膜污染较严重,开槽3 mm的膜通量比无旋转入流传质通量平均增大60%,两种组件设计形式均可提高膜通量,一定程度缓解了膜污染的产生。 相似文献
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Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis (FO) membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic (alginate) fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2006,14(5):497-504
Kraft processes require a large volume of water and accordingly a substantial amount of spent liquor; known as black liquor (BL) is produced. Attempts have been made in this study to analyze the performance of BL ultrafiltration using batch stirred rotating disk module. The flux enhancement and the reduction of concentration polarization phenomena have been observed with membrane rotation in this shear enhanced dynamic filtration and correlations have been drawn with different operating variables like transmembrane pressure (TMP), stirrer speed and membrane rotation speed. The rejection of solutes, mostly lignin and lignosulfonates has also been correlated with different operating parameters. Pretreatment centrifugation, followed by microfiltration has been used to remove traces of suspended solids to minimize the chances of membrane fouling. These pretreatment steps proved to be highly efficient in restoring the water flux completely in all the cases of experimentation. The work in this paper was done with specific emphasis on the environmental aspects; accordingly the effect of ultrafiltration on different variables like BOD, COD, oil and grease, total solids, turbidity, etc has been monitored in detail and the reduction in each of these parameters was correlated with different operating variables. Asymmetric cellulose triacetate membrane of 5000-molecular weight cut-off was used for the purpose of experimentation. A very good reduction in each of the aforementioned water quality parameters was observed. The research documented that ultrafiltration of BL with necessary pretreatment can produce good, disposable quality, water and on the other hand it can also provide a sound method for recovery of lignin. 相似文献
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膜—生物反应器特性影响因素研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过对外压管式膜组件与曝气池构成的好氧膜生物反应器的研究,分别考究膜组件的操作压力,膜面流速以及活性污泥混合液的污泥浓度,溶解性有机特的含量和温度等对膜通量的影响。 相似文献
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将适量铜纳米线(Cu-NWs)添加到常规聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)铸膜液中,通过相转化法制备Cu-NWs导电微滤膜,表征其过滤及导电性能,并将其置于膜生物反应器(MBR)中长期运行,研究其污染物去除效果及膜污染行为,可为污水处理MBR系统的低成本稳定运行提供新途径.结果表明,添加适量基于铸膜液质量的Cu-NWs,所得微滤膜的膜通量为721.9L/(m2·h),膜面接触角为57.9°,同时,其起始电势、欧姆内阻及活化内阻分别为315.0mV、2.4Ω和6.9 Ω,均优于商用PVDF微滤膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察发现,Cu-NWs在膜面活性层交织形成了良好的导电网络.将其制作成膜组件安装于MBR系统中,兼用作阴极,COD、氨氮、TN和TP的去除率分别为91.5%、99.3%、76.3%和76.2%,高于对照MBR系统.连续运行146d,TMP始终低于25kPa,无需清洗膜组件.傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析表明,膜面污染物质主要是蛋白质和多糖,膜面EPS含量远低于商用PVDF膜.所制备新型Cu-NWs导电微滤膜具有较好的稳定性、耐用性和抗污染性,应用前景广阔. 相似文献
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采用激光相位多普勒颗粒分析仪(3D-PDA)测试了新型内旋/直复合流化方式下循环流化床烟气脱硫塔内与粘壁有关的气-液-固三相参数,试验证明:旋/直复合流化能够提高塔中下部特别是近壁处的气固切向速度及气固间相对切向滑移速度,增强扰动,同时提高脱硫塔中下部特别是近壁处的固体颗粒浓度,有利于促进液滴或含湿颗粒的高效利用和快速干燥,减轻粘壁;旋/直复合流化下液滴在塔内的分布变化也证明旋流风对促进液滴干燥、减轻粘壁的积极作用;旋流风量的增加对近壁处液滴的干燥速度及固体颗粒浓度的影响表明,旋流风量占总流量的16%左右合适。 相似文献