甲烷煤尘耦合爆炸传播特性及伤害研究

为探究煤尘质量浓度对甲烷煤尘耦合爆炸传播特性及伤害距离的影响,自制长15 m的爆炸管道系统,用体积分数为7％甲烷分别与质量浓度为0、50、100和200 g/m3的煤尘进行耦合爆炸试验,并根据质量、动量和能量守恒理论推导出最大压力计算公式.结果 表明:不同质量浓度煤尘与甲烷耦合爆炸时,最大压力均随与爆源距离的增加呈现出...     

EVA树脂粉尘/甲烷/空气杂混物爆炸特性

在20 L爆炸实验装置中,开展了3种不同中值粒径的EVA树脂粉尘/甲烷/空气所组成的杂混物爆炸特性研究,探究了甲烷浓度对粉尘爆炸下限、最大爆炸压力的影响。结果表明,尽管添加的甲烷气体浓度低于爆炸下限,仍使得粉尘爆炸下限得以降低,粒径较大的EVA III粉尘,当甲烷体积分数为1%时,爆炸下限降低约25%;粒径较小的EVA I粉尘,当混入甲烷体积分数为4%时,爆炸下限则降低80%;甲烷体积分数每增加1%,可燃粉尘最大爆炸压力上升约10%,但对于粒径较小的EVA I粉尘,当甲烷体积分数为4%时,最大爆炸压力的上升呈现突变趋势,上升近50%。     

基于20L球形爆炸装置的甲烷煤尘混合爆炸实验

利用实验室自行设计的20L球形爆炸装置,对煤尘及甲烷煤尘混合物的爆炸特性进行了研究。结果表明:无论有无甲烷,煤尘的最大爆炸压力随煤尘浓度增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,并且均在在煤尘浓度为600g/m3时均达到最大值。同时,甲烷的加入明显提高了煤尘最大爆炸压力值,而且随着甲烷浓度的增加,最大爆炸压力增幅先增加后降低,在甲烷5%时增幅最大。煤尘的爆炸持续时间随煤尘浓度增加呈现先降低后升高的特点,甲烷存在时有同样规律,但是有甲烷时爆炸持续时间明显降低,而且随着甲烷含量的增加,煤尘的爆炸持续时间降低幅度不断增加,在甲烷5%以后趋于稳定。实验结果对生产实践有一定的指导作用。     

管道内瓦斯煤尘共混爆炸温度特性

采用瞬态火焰传播实验系统,对7%,8%,9%,10%和11%的瓦斯体积浓度分别与不同浓度的长焰煤煤尘混合,并使用直径25 μm的Pt/Rh13-Pt微细热电偶测量温度,揭示受限空间内瓦斯与煤尘混合爆炸温度特性。结果表明:煤尘浓度一定时,随着瓦斯浓度的增加,爆炸温度先增加后减小;纯瓦斯浓度在10%时爆炸温度最高,加入煤尘后的混合体系中,瓦斯浓度为9%时爆炸温度最高;瓦斯浓度不变时,随着煤尘浓度的增加,爆炸温度一直减小;7%~11%瓦斯分别与130 g/m3煤尘混合爆炸后测得最高温度分别为1 333.6,1 475.4,1 511.4,1 455.6,1 396.4 ℃;与9%纯瓦斯爆炸相比,9%瓦斯与130,260,520,780 g/m3煤尘混合爆炸后测得最高温度分别降低7.2%,11.5%,15.0%和22.9%。结论得到的瓦斯煤尘共混爆炸温度数据可为煤矿灾害高温防护提供参考依据。     

竖直管道内煤尘浓度对瓦斯爆炸特性影响研究

为研究不同煤尘质量浓度对瓦斯爆炸的影响,采用自主搭建的竖直管道,开展质量浓度为25、50、100、200 g/m3的4种煤尘与体积分数为9%的瓦斯混合爆炸试验,分析爆炸室和传播管道内爆炸压力及火焰传播变化特征。结果表明:增加煤尘质量浓度,混合爆炸压力减小;爆炸室和传播管道内的爆炸特性对煤尘的敏感性不同,爆炸室内爆炸压力对高浓度煤尘较敏感,传播管道内爆炸压力对低浓度煤尘较敏感;煤尘的参与,能促进爆炸室和传播管道内火焰的发展,而煤尘质量浓度的增加主要影响爆炸室后段中的火焰发展,对传播管道内火焰的发展有明显的促进作用,当煤尘质量浓度为50 g/m3传播管道内火焰发展速度最快。     

半封闭管道内瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰传播规律研究

为了探究瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰的传播规律,采用自行搭建的半封闭垂直管道爆炸试验系统,研究瓦斯体积分数和煤尘质量浓度的改变对火焰传播规律的影响。结果表明:1)加入煤尘后的瓦斯爆炸火焰传播速度显著增大;2)在爆炸腔体内,瓦斯体积分数越接近化学当量比,煤尘质量浓度越接近50 g/m3,爆炸火焰传播速度越快;3)在传播管道内,大量的氧气从开口端进入参与反应,瓦斯体积分数和煤尘质量浓度较大的试验组,火焰传播速度会迅速上升; 4)煤尘质量浓度和瓦斯体积分数存在最佳配比,煤尘质量浓度和瓦斯体积分数偏离最佳浓度配比程度较大时,火焰传播加速度下降,传播距离变短。     

水平管道内甲烷-煤尘混合爆炸的试验研究

为研究煤矿甲烷-煤尘混合爆炸的规律,采用水平管道式气体粉尘爆炸装置。试验时,通过延迟爆破系统,将储罐内的煤尘吹入管道内与甲烷气体混合,点火后甲烷爆炸产生的能量作为初始能量引起煤尘的爆炸。通过改变甲烷浓度、煤尘浓度,对甲烷-煤尘混合爆炸的最大爆炸压力和压力上升速率进行了研究。结果表明:最大爆炸压力和压力上升速率随甲烷浓度的增加先增加后减小,随煤尘浓度的增加也先增大后减小。     

甲烷煤尘燃烧爆炸试验研究

为揭示甲烷煤尘空气混合物爆炸波的传播规律,采用试验分析的方法,建立甲烷煤尘空气混合物燃烧爆炸的3种试验方案,分析不同体积分数的甲烷和不同质量浓度的煤尘消耗不同体积空气时的爆压和爆速等参数的发展趋势,探究爆轰波传播的稳定性,阐明了甲烷煤尘燃烧爆炸的基本特征。试验结果表明,在最优配比条件下,与单一甲烷空气、煤尘空气混合物相比,甲烷煤尘空气混合物的爆压、爆速明显增加。甲烷煤尘空气混合物爆轰比单一的气相、固相混合物爆轰的爆炸压力、爆速明显增加、爆轰更稳定。     

定容燃烧弹内含煤尘甲烷爆燃火焰传播特性试验研究

为探究煤尘对甲烷爆燃火焰的直观影响，在定容燃烧弹(Constant Volume Chamber, CVC)内利用激光纹影技术获取了甲烷球形火焰纹影图像及含煤尘甲烷火焰纹影图像，分析了不同体积分数甲烷火焰(6.5%、8.0%、9.5%)的不稳定性，对比了不同质量浓度煤尘(5 g/m³、10 g/m³、15 g/m³、20 g/m³、25 g/m³)对甲烷火焰的影响，分析了含煤尘甲烷火焰传播机理。结果表明，定容燃烧弹内球形火焰发展经历了层流火焰、胞状不稳定火焰。煤尘对甲烷火焰的影响呈明显的阶段特性：在层流燃烧阶段，煤尘因吸热抑制火焰传播，且煤尘质量浓度越高，抑制作用越强；散布的煤尘可对火焰锋面产生扰动，使火焰加快发展为胞状不稳定火焰，且甲烷体积分数越接近化学当量比，煤尘质量浓度越高，火焰可更快发展为胞状不稳定火焰；随着化学反应速率提高，火焰温度上升，煤焦开始参与反应并增强流场自发光及反应持续时间。     

甲烷体积分数对甲烷-煤粉复合火焰传播特性的影响

为探究甲烷体积分数对煤粉爆炸过程的影响,并掌握甲烷-煤粉爆炸火焰传播特征,通过粒度分析仪和同步热分析仪研究2种煤粉样品的粒径大小和热解过程。利用1 500 mm×80 mm×80 mm的半开口竖直燃烧管道,探究不同甲烷体积分数下,中位粒径分别为65和25μm烟煤粉的火焰传播特性,分析甲烷体积分数对甲烷-煤粉复合火焰结构、温度和速度的影响。结果表明:25μm煤粉比65μm煤粉的火焰更加明亮,甲烷体积分数的增加对65μm煤粉火焰有更强的促进作用;当甲烷体积分数越接近当量比时,火焰锋面越规则,火焰速度也越快;随着甲烷体积分数的增加,火焰温度和火焰传播速度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;甲烷体积分数为9%时,火焰温度达到最大值;甲烷体积分数为8%和10%时,65和25μm煤粉最大火焰速度为分别为26.53和39.28 m/s。     

Influences of coal dust components on the explosibility of hybrid mixtures of methane and coal dust

In order to study the influences of coal dust components on the explosibility of hybrid mixture of methane and coal dust, four kinds of coal dust with different components were selected in this study. Using the standard 20 L sphere, the maximum explosion pressure, explosion index and lower explosion limits of methane/coal dust mixtures were measured. The results show that the addition of methane to different kinds of coal dust can all clearly increase their maximum explosion pressure and explosion index and decrease their minimum explosion concentration. However, the increase in the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index is more significant for coal dust with lower volatile content, while the decrease in the minimum explosion concentration is more significant for coal dust with higher volatile content. It is concluded that the influence of methane on the explosion severity is more pronounced for coal dust with lower volatile content, but on ignition sensitivity it is more pronounced for coal dust with higher volatile content. Bartknecht model for predicting the lower explosion limits of methane/coal dust mixture has better applicability than Le Chatelier model and Jiang model. Especially, it is more suitable for hybrid mixtures of methane and high volatile coal dust.     

Recent trends in rock dust modifications for improved dispersion and coal dust explosion mitigation

Underground coal mine explosions is perhaps the most hazardous danger in the coal mining industries. Efforts have been made to abate the coal dust explosion by applying rock dust either dry or wet. Dry dust has the best lift characteristic which efficiently quenches the flame propagation of a potential explosion. As a trade-off, undesired respirable dust particles are thereby generated imposing a severe health hazard on coal miners. Wet dusting is an alternative to dry dusting which significantly reduces the exposure to respirable dust particles. However, wet dust is subject to adverse caking issues which lead to a drastic reduction in the dispersibility of the particles. The present work summarizes the studies conducted to date regarding the surface modification of rock dust particles for the purpose of eliminating or alleviating the problems accompanying coal mine dusting applications, meanwhile improving the dispersive properties of dust particles and the ability to suppress the coal dust explosion.     

Observations of microscopic characteristics of post-explosion coal dust samples

To reveal the microscopic characteristics of the post-explosion coal dust samples, coal dust explosion tests were performed in a 20 L spherical vessel. The explosion characteristic parameters, such as the maximum pressure (P_max), the maximum rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)_max), ignition time (t) and the deflagration index (K_St) were recorded. Meanwhile, the post-explosion dust samples were collected and analyzed. The research efforts include particle size distribution analysis, SEM analysis and FTIR analysis of dust samples before and after the explosion. The particle size range of post-explosion dust samples became wider according to the mass percent analysis. The microscopic appearance of samples in same particle size range showed some similarity. The porous structure of dust samples was observed by improving the SEM magnification. The chemical structure of dust samples before and after explosion was analyzed by FTIR.     

我厂喷煤车间粉尘治理的改造

简要概述了马钢第二炼铁厂近年来在喷煤工艺流程中对粉尘治理方面的一些改造措施和方案 ,并介绍了改造后的效果。     

电厂输煤系统煤尘治理中应注意的几个问题

通过电厂煤尘治理的实践,本文提出了电厂输煤系统煤尘治理中应注意的一些问题。     

Flame propagation in hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane

To investigate the flame propagation through hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane in a combustion chamber, a high-speed video camera with a microscopic lens and a Schlieren optical system were used to record the flame propagation process and to obtain the direct light emission photographs. Flame temperature was detected by a fine thermocouple. The suspended coal dust in the mixture of methane and air was ignited by an electric spark. The flame propagation speeds and maximum flame temperatures of the mixture were analyzed. The results show that the co-presence of coal dust and methane improves the flame propagation speed and maximum flame temperature notably, which become much higher than that of the single-coal dust flame. The flame front temperature varies with the coal dust concentration.     

Post-explosion observations of experimental mine and laboratory coal dust explosions

The Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) conducted joint research on dust explosions by studying post-explosion dust samples. The samples were collected after full-scale explosions at the PRL Lake Lynn Experimental Mine (LLEM), and after laboratory explosions in the PRL 20-L chamber and the Fike 1 m³ chamber. The dusts studied included both high- and low-volatile bituminous coals. Low temperature ashing for 24 h at 515 °C was used to measure the incombustible content of the dust before and after the explosions. The data showed that the post-explosion incombustible content was always as high as, or higher than the initial incombustible content. The MSHA alcohol coking test was used to determine the amount of coked dust in the post-explosion samples. The results showed that almost all coal dust that was suspended within the explosion flame produced significant amounts of coke. Measurements of floor dust concentrations after LLEM explosions were compared with the initial dust loadings to determine the transport distance of dust during an explosion. All these data will be useful in future forensic investigations of accidental dust explosions in coal mines, or elsewhere.     

煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度影响因素分析

为了掌握煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度变化的影响因素,根据气固两相流理论,针对矿井掘进工作面的特点,采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）考察了掘进巷道风速、风筒直径、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离以及风筒的悬挂高度对粉尘浓度变化的影响。结果发现：当掘进巷道风速为0.25-4 m/s时,提高巷道内的通风风速,可以降低巷道内的粉尘浓度,缩短呼吸性粉尘浓度达到稳定的时间,减小工作面粉尘的危害;有利于通风除尘的风筒相关参数为风筒直径0.4-0.6 m、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离6-7 m、风筒悬挂高度2.0-2.2 m。     

煤矿用新型抑尘剂的研究与应用

为有效降低煤尘浓度,在前期研制OP- 10系列抑尘剂的基础上,设计了新型抑尘剂的试验配置方案.通过煤尘沉降试验,测定了不同浓度快速渗透剂T溶液的煤尘湿润性,验证了表面活性剂复配对溶液湿润性的增效作用,研究了二价金属阳离子对表面活性剂溶液湿润性的促进作用,最终确定了新型快速渗透剂T系列抑尘剂配方.通过现场实践,快速渗透剂T系列抑尘剂能够达到与OP- 10系列抑尘剂相当的降尘效果,在使用成本相当的情况下,兼具低毒环保等性能.     

煤气化封闭框架内可燃气与煤尘泄漏事故分析与防治对策

针对煤气化框架内可燃气泄漏事故及其可能造成的严重后果,基于建筑火灾中“性能化”防火设计思路,设定了煤气化框架敞开与封闭设计下火灾场景,结合可燃气体泄漏的浓度分布机理,分析了煤气化框架敞开与封闭设计对易燃混合气浓度影响的机理,提出采取改进通风等综合措施降低火灾爆炸危险性.通过对典型情况下可燃气与煤尘泄漏规律的仿真分析,结果表明,增加通风口密度、适当调整通风强度可以降低泄漏期间的可燃气体聚集浓度,显著降低危险性,提高了煤气化封闭框架内建筑防火安全性.