On a combined theory of pay level satisfaction

For decades, research on pay level satisfaction has focused on two theories and one approach: the direct link theory, the discrepancy theory, and the no‐difference‐scores approach. However, there are still unsolved puzzles facing pay level satisfaction research. We develop a combined theory to consider the impact of the interaction of reported pay and pay discrepancy. With this newly developed theory, we expect that (a) both reported pay and pay discrepancy have main effects on pay level satisfaction; (b) reported pay and pay discrepancy also interact with each other, in that the effect of pay discrepancy on pay level satisfaction decreases as pay level increases; (c) equitable payment is more related to pay level dissatisfaction when pay level is low; and (d) overpayment in general is related to pay level satisfaction, not dissatisfaction. An empirical study (N = 481) using four types of comparison standards was conducted, and the results supported our predictions. The findings of our study have important implications for both academic research and management practice.     

基于生命价值理论的职工伤害赔偿办法探讨

通过分析目前国内经济形势与职业健康的关系,发现职业伤害赔偿存在一系列问题,证实进一步对职业伤害赔偿问题进行探讨是必要的。从我国实际情况出发,借鉴国外风险交易理论和国内人力资本理论,参考以人力资本法为中心的生命价值理论,提出职工生命价值理论及职工生命价值曲线。然后根据职工生命价值理论,建立了涵盖职业劳动价值、业余劳动价值及精神价值的职业伤害赔偿办法,而考虑业余劳动价值,更加符合我国居民的生活状态。为保证职工生命价值的实现,顺利解决伤害赔偿的一系列问题,提出此职业伤害赔偿管理与落实计划。     

任意有界论域的模糊变量转化成随机变量的方法

针对机械系统广义可靠性中极限状态方程的模糊参数向等价正态随机变量转化时其均值难以确定的问题,提出了一种将具有任意有界论域的模糊变量转化成随机变量的方法,以该法所得的随机变量的均值作为等价正态随机变量的均值,得到模糊变量的更为准确的等价正态随机变量表达式,使含有模糊参数机械系统可靠度能在正态空间内确定.并在算例中以水平截集法作为准确值,验证了该方法的准确性和简洁性.     

学校突发事件应急管理存在的问题及解决对策研究

阐述学校突发事件的定义,针对目前学校安全的严峻形势和现状,分析了学校突发事件应急管理的重要性。基于应急管理理论,剖析我国学校突发事件特点。通过对学校安全应急管理体制系统的分析,指出存在的主要问题,进而提出可行性对策:必须构建统一的学校安全应急管理体制、建立健全应急管理机构、充分发挥各级政府效能,完善应急预警。最后,提出加强学校突发事件的应急管理,有必要建立学校安全应急指挥决策系统;完善我国学校安全法律法规与标准体系;必须建立一个科学、系统、全面的学校安全应急管理体制。     

火灾损失统计计算方法的研究

实际工作有许多迫切需要解决的问题，如火灾危险性定量估计，火灾保险费率计算公式中各种参数的确定，等，本文力求依据数学理论明确地回答这些问题，主要内容有：１．火灾损失的估计；２．火保险费率的计算；３．防火器材的效益与费用分析。     

Getting to the core of core self‐evaluation: a review and recommendations

The theory of core self‐evaluation (CSE) has provided organizational scholars with a framework for describing disposition‐based effects on work attitudes and behaviors. Although the CSE construct has been useful for predicting various phenomena, there are potential weaknesses concerning how it is conceptualized and used. We review limitations regarding CSE theory, its measurement, and specific traits, and provide recommendations for addressing them. Key recommendations include strengthening the theory underlying CSE, specifying CSE as an aggregate construct with causal indicators, representing CSE as a multidimensional construct rather than a scale score, and incorporating a trait that reflects approach motivation. Theoretical and empirical evidence that relate to our recommendations are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工程系统一体化安全风险模型研究

借鉴功能模拟原理,利用目标树-成功树-主逻辑图(GTST-MLD)框架,提出了一个一体化安全风险模型。该模型对关联于工程系统安全特性的目标、功能、结构、行为等因素予以综合,提供了从多层次研究解决安全问题的模型基础,克服了基于事件树/故障树模型的概率风险评估等传统方法而分别对系统结构、行为、事件进行研究的问题,支持实现在更高的系统功能层面上对系统安全性的分析研究。通过研究该模型在安全风险评估、事故因果关联分析、潜在交互作用鉴别中的应用,表明研究成果为解决复杂工程系统安全问题提供了新的分析手段。     

Organizational and behavioural consequences of uncertainty: A case study

This paper examines some of the organizational and behavioural consequences of uncertainty through consideration of a case study. An industrial firm and its problems are described and an attempt is made to understand the origins of the situation using a systems analysis which draws on constructs from the structural, the behavioural and the ‘bureaucratic’ traditions within organization theory. The analysis demonstrates: that the problems are interrelated and stem from the structural arrangements in the firm which are unable to cope with the prevailing uncertainties; that the behavioural difficulties may be seen as manifestations of the underlying structural/environmental mismatch; and, that the problems are exacerbated by apparently logical but paradoxically inappropriate managerial choices and responses. The implications of this study for theory, practice and method are discussed.     

小城镇灾害易损性可拓评估的原理和应用

为给小城镇防灾减灾和小城镇规划等提供科学依据,本文借鉴可拓原理对小城镇灾害易损性进行了可拓评估.首先,建立了小城镇灾害易损性的可拓评估流程,结合湖南小城镇实例,选取评价指标,确定灾害易损性的分级标准;其次,构建了可拓评估的经典域、节域蝌和物元;然后提出了用简单关联函数计算指标权重;最后,计算了灾害易损性的关联函数值和关联度,评估了灾害易损性的等级并计算了其变量特征值.与模糊评估方法相比,两者平级结果总体上一致.结果表明,该方法能较真实地反映小城镇灾害易损性等级,同时也证明了将可拓原理应用于小城镇灾害易损性评估的可行性.     

The problem with [in] management theory

Theory is essential to everything that we do as people studying and practicing industrial/organizational psychology and organizational behavior. But, I think that our field has lost its way recently and become enamored by shiny objects and interesting puzzles. Advancing management theory seems to have become an end state in and of itself. We seemed to be far more concerned with the entertainment value of theories than we are with their scientific rigor or real‐world value. Top journals in our field are mandating that all articles must make a theoretical contribution, and theoretical contributions are being gauged primarily in terms of how innovative, counter‐intuitive, surprising, and interesting they may be. I advocate for a more balanced approach, and in particular, for greater use of abductive inference. I argue that if you start with a real‐world challenge and draw from existing theory, and then develop new theory to understand and change things, you are also making a theoretical contribution. Whether or not we are guided by theory is not really at issue—at issue is how well developed are our theories, how accurate are they, and do they help us to improve organizational life for everyone involved?     

基于OBE的《安全系统工程》课程教学改革及实践

为促进学生工程实践能力的培养,确保培养目标达成,本文探讨在《安全系统工程》教学中面临的主要问题及其解决办法。针对课程教学过程中存在的学生缺少必要的专业知识,学习困难,理论教学和实践相脱节,以及课程考核方式难以反映学生工程实践能力培养效果等问题,基于“成果导向”研究教学大纲、教学内容、授课方式、学习方式以及课程考核方式等方面的改革措施,并在教学过程中加以实施,取得较好效果。     

An extension of the fuzzy improved risk graph and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for determination of chemical complex safety integrity levels

The risk graph (RG) is widely used to evaluate the safety integrity level (SIL) of safety instrument systems (SIS). However, subjective opinion-based conventional RGs cannot provide successful results for the problems of risk parameters, such as shortages or lack of data; hence, the output of a conventional approach lacks sufficient reliability. We introduced the fuzzy improved risk graph (FIRG), an extension of fuzzy set theory, to deal with possible ambiguities during SIL study and increase the reliability of conventional RGs. In the present study, the levels of consequences defined as linguistic terms were converted into qualitative intervals; therefore, by correlating the proposed approach with experts’ opinions and attributing weight factors, a desired SIL value was obtained. The output of this new approach can be compared directly with quantitative risk assessment techniques to improve the safety performance of industrial systems.     

模糊故障树分析及其应用研究

基于某些实际情况下系统故障发生概率具有模糊性和不确定性的特点 ,笔者将模糊集理论引入故障树分析并针对自动化立体仓库的故障特征 ,对立体仓库各个环节发生故障时所遇到的各种模糊信息进行了科学的、定量的处理。实例证明 ,该方法是行之有效的 ;它能解决传统故障树分析不能处理同时存在随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的故障事件的问题     

内-外因事故致因理论与实现安全生产的途径

采用辩证的方法对事故发生的机理进行研究,提出了内-外因事故致因理论,阐明危险源是导致事故的内因,人—物—环—管中的不安全因素是导致事故的外因。根据危险源的存在形式,指出了有效控制危险源的基本手段和措施。通过深入分析人—物—环—管中的不安全因素的产生及导致的后果,从技术和管理方面论述了防止事故发生应采取的措施。最后提出将本质安全化与风险预控管理相结合,是实现安全生产的根本途径。内-外因事故致因理论为企业安全管理提供了理论,具有实用价值和参考意义。     

The need for a systems theory approach to road safety

In other hazardous complex socio-technical systems in society, e.g. nuclear power and aviation, systems-theoretical assumptions are considered a promising way to better understand and manage safety. In this paper, two fundamental approaches to road safety were assessed in the light of a systems theory approach. One approach, is based on a premise where individual road-users are solely responsible when crashes occur. In that case countermeasures are aimed at altering the behavior of the road-user in order to adapt him/her to the road transport system. The other approach, the so-called zero-tolerance position, or Vision Zero approach, to road safety is built around two axioms; the system must be adapted to the psychological and physical conditions and limitations of the human being and the responsibility for road safety must be shared between the road-users and the designers and professional operators of the system. It was found that the most important determinants of systems theory are basically not present in the road-user approach. However, even if the Vision Zero approach clearly takes step towards systems theory, it does leave room for articulating even more features of systems theory.     

Professional diversity,identity salience and team innovation: The moderating role of openmindedness norms

The impact of diverse composition in teams is neither straightforward nor direct, and evidence suggests that diversity can be either conducive or detrimental to team innovation. Professionally diverse healthcare teams are increasingly used to develop innovative clinical approaches and solve complex healthcare problems; however, there is evidence that collaboration across professional boundaries creates conflict and is frequently unsuccessful. Healthcare organizations consequently face a dilemma. If they embrace professional diversity in teams, they risk interprofessional hostility, but if they choose homogeneous teams, they diminish their teams' capacity to innovate. We respond to this quandary by utilizing social identity theory to better understand the mechanisms through which professional diversity can enhance team innovation. In particular, we argue that professional identity salience operates as a mediator capable of explaining both positive and negative outcomes of professional diversity, contingent on the moderating effect of openmindedness norms. Analysis of survey data from 70 healthcare teams supports our model and indicates that professional salience can both enhance and undermine team innovation, depending on the extent of team openmindedness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计算机辅助安全性评价系统

针对安全性评价过程评价周期长，工作量大，手段落后等问题，依据安全检查表法及评价理论，以Microsoft Visual Basic6.0为开发工具，开发了火力发电厂安全性评价计算机辅助系统，在企业局域网中实现，可以减少安全评价过程中大量重复工作，提高效率，其它行业也可以基于此方法，开发相应的计算机辅助评价系统。     

事故致因理论综述

结合中国应急管理现状,揭示了目前企业应急管理中存在的问题,从理论指导研究的视角切入,主张以基础性理论为指导改变应急管理观念,改变应急管理现状。回顾了事故致因理论的历史演进历程,总结了该理论在国内理论研究的拓展,以及在生产领域应用的实际情况。     

采空区场流安全理论及其研究的新进展

提出采空区场流安全理论的概念,并对采空区场流流态、瓦斯涌出和自燃“三带”理论及自燃温度等数值模拟计算的发展历程进行概要总结;分析了当前采空区场流安全理论研究的最新进展和发展趋势。指出目前的现代通风安全理论研究正处在前所未有的历史变革时期,即从网络流通风安全理论到场流安全理论的过渡与统一。采空区问题(瓦斯涌出和自燃)应综合考虑特定开采条件下的采场漏风与供氧系统的背景环境。其理论研究的主流方向应是基于场流方法的灾害与各因素影响关系的分析,重点是灾害机理和多灾害间耦合等一般规律;技术手段是多孔介质渗流力学、多相气体扩散、综合传热理论和有限元数值模拟方法,关键是模型求解的收敛稳定性和流场分布解问题。     

组织错误研究中存在问题的思考

组织错误研究是人误研究的新方向.在综述组织错误理论研究现状的基础上,论述了组织错误分析在理论和应用方面面临的4大问题,即:组织错误的定义及特征界定存在的问题,组织错误分类标准和方法存在的问题,组织错误的形成及演变机理以及组织错误评价、预测的技术方法,讨论了组织错误理论的发展趋势.