老垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌工艺参数研究

根据理论分析,通过回灌能够实现对老垃圾填埋场所产生渗滤液的场内处理,改善渗滤液水质,同时能加速老填埋场的稳定化进程.以深圳市10座老垃圾填埋场为研究对象,提出渗滤液回灌工艺及其参数.回灌方式以水平渗沟为主,设置聚乙烯罐调节水量.渗滤液回灌加速了填埋气体产生速率,降低了有效应力,可能引起垃圾体边坡失稳.较大的渗滤液回灌量(1.6%)导致较低的垃圾边坡安全系数(1.96).确定满足加速垃圾稳定化和填埋场稳定性的最佳回灌量是填埋场渗滤液回灌大规模应用需要解决的重要问题.     

某城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程设计北大核心

采用氨吹脱-厌氧UBF-好氧SBR-膜处理组合工艺处理北方某城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液,介绍了工艺路线、设计参数、工程投资、运行经验等。运行结果表明,该工艺处理生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液较为成熟稳定,具有良好的效果。     

灰渣填埋场渗滤液处理技术研究

垃圾渗滤液,又称渗沥水或浸出液,是指垃圾在堆放和填埋过程中由于发酵和雨水的淋浴,冲刷,以及地表水和地下水的浸泡而滤出来的污水。垃圾填埋场渗滤液是一种高浓度有机废水,其化学特性与填埋场废物成分、填埋方式、填埋龄以及填埋场环境条件等密切相关,一般评价渗滤液的指标包括:COD Cr、BOD5、SS、总氮、氨氮、重金属等,主要污染物为溶解性有机物、氨氮,无机盐类物质含量较高,一般都极难处理而且会对周围环境造成严重的影响,特别是渗入到地下影响地下水,对周围的居民和植物的生存有很大的影响,渗出的渗滤液味道十分难闻也会产生沼气,影响大气环境。因此渗滤液的处理是城市垃圾填埋场正常运行的必不可少的环节之一。本次课题通过实验对渗滤液进行不同技术路线处理,探索渗滤液的有效方法。     

高原渗滤液处理技术及工艺探讨

<正>引言文章对高原地理、气候等因素影响下渗滤液的产生、特点和处理技术进行了综述,重点阐述了高原渗滤液处理的难点,分析了"生物法+DTRO"组合工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理上的应用,分析这种组合工艺在渗滤液处理中存在的问题及可能解决的途径。高原渗滤液的产生和特点渗滤液,又被称作浸出液或者是渗沥水,在垃圾填埋场中     

北神树垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质分析

以北京市北神树垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,分析测定了水样的化学需氧量、生物需氧量、氨氮、含油量、浊度、色度、电导率等常规指标及17种无机离子含量,了解了水样的组成、成份和性质;用膜分离-光谱扫描法和傅里叶变换红外光谱测定了垃圾渗滤液中有机物的分子量分布和主要的官能团结构;综合评价了垃圾渗滤液的水质状况.实验结果表明,垃圾渗滤液属于高浓度有机污水,是垃圾填埋场的主要污染源.本文研究成果可为今后国内城市垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液的处理、规划和设计提供一定的依据和参考.     

浸没式超滤膜处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

为达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)的相关要求,对某垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺进行改进,用PVDF和PTFE两种不同材质的超滤膜进行试验。结果表明,在垃圾渗滤液处理工艺中PVDF和PTFE两种超滤膜处理效果相差不大,但PTFE超滤膜性能优越,抗污染能力更强,适用于垃圾渗滤液处理。     

垃圾填埋场清污分流及渗滤液水位控制技术研究

以深圳下坪垃圾填埋场为案例分析垃圾填埋场清污分流措施及垃圾堆体渗滤液水位控制技术。介绍了垃圾填埋场清污分流技术分析和相关技术途径,填埋区雨水膜上拦截外排方式,渗滤液液位控制技术。主要成果包括:①清污分流主要以垃圾体表面使用膜面密闭、负压收气手段;②膜面雨水拦截建议以开挖雨水沟、建立挡水坝的形式;③堆体内的水平井和大口径导排竖井度渗滤液导排效果显著。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术探讨

讨论了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的水质特点,设计流量的计算方法,对国内渗滤液处理现状进行了简单描述.在此基础上对工程实践中常用的渗滤液处理工艺进行了分析,针对填埋场渗滤液的处理难点提出适合的解决方法,并给出对应的工艺流程.     

北京市典型垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染物监测与评价

为对北京地区垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生、排放水平进行整体评估,以北京市6个渗滤液产生量大且处理工艺接近、设施稳定运行的垃圾填埋场、1个原液收集填埋场为研究对象,在2007—2012年渗滤液水质监测数据、垃圾处理情况数据的基础上,分析计算了渗滤液的产生量及污染物产生水平、典型治理工艺(生化+物化+反渗透)下的排放水平。结果表明,北京地区每吨垃圾约产生0.13 m3渗滤液,渗滤液原液及处理后,质量浓度最大的污染物为有机指标和含氮物质,其质量浓度水平以及部分重金属质量浓度高于国家平均水平。     

垃圾渗滤液深度处理试验研究

试验所在的垃圾渗滤液处理厂采用预处理+厌氧+好氧组合工艺将垃圾渗滤液处理到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-1997)三级排放标准。为了适应《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)新标准,在原工艺基础上设计增加膜生物反应器+纳滤的处理工艺。为了验证此工艺的合理性和科学性,进行渗滤液深度处理试验工作。试验结果表明,该工艺处理垃圾渗滤液方案可行,出水效果可达新标准排放。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失，提高滑坡预测的准确性，通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据，在获得多组模拟实验数据后，分析各变量的特性。首先，通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP)算法，对滑坡进行危险度划分；然后，通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine，SVM)建立模型，遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数，提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据，通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好，实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合，与单一SVM相比，精度更高，结果更好，更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析

阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析，介绍如何通过人证物证材料，用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因，逐项加以分析，将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除，最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因，就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长，取证和数据可靠。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

我国与主要国家温石棉安全使用政策和法规对比研究

我国作为温石棉的生产和使用大国，在温石棉及其制品的危害及防控方面开展了较为系统的研究，但对于其他主要国家在温石棉安全使用政策和法规方面的研究则相对较少。本文简要介绍温石棉安全使用的理论基础，对美国、加拿大等主要国家在温石棉安全生产和使用方面的主要政策和法规进行研究，并对我国温石棉产业政策以及相关法规进行梳理，通过对比发现，我国与美国、加拿大等国家在温石棉及其制品的安全使用法规、标准建设等方面存在一定差距。最后，基于相关对比分析结果，对我国温石棉产业职业病防治、环境保护以及温石棉制品等方面的法规标准的建设提出建议。     

飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系研究

为了探究飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系，提高优秀飞行员选拔的有效性和飞行排班的科学性，对飞行员记忆进行测试，结合其近6年的飞行品质(QAR)数据，系统分析了记忆与安全绩效的关系及各因素对飞行员记忆的影响情况。结果表明:飞行员形象记忆、情景记忆、运动记忆、语义记忆与安全绩效呈正相关关系，情绪记忆与安全绩效呈“n”型关系；情景记忆主要受不良情绪波动的影响，语义记忆主要受对大脑缺乏开发应用情况以及压力的影响，情绪记忆主要受不良嗜好和年龄的影响，形象记忆主要受睡眠和疾病的影响，运动记忆主要受用脑过度和年龄因素影响。     

Safety Ⅱ学术思想的科学传播研究*

为全面了解Safety Ⅱ学术思想的传播情况,采集Web of Science数据库中284篇引用Safety Ⅱ学术著作的论文,采用科学计量和知识网络的方法,分析Safety Ⅱ学术思想的传播时间趋势、传播主体分布、传播领域与期刊以及传播的热点主题分布。研究结果表明:Safety Ⅱ学术思想在传播时间上呈线性增长趋势;核心传播区域为英格兰、美国、澳大利亚、挪威和意大利;核心传播机构为挪威斯塔万格大学、荷兰代尔夫特理工大学以及罗马第一大学;核心传播者为Saurin Tarcisio Abreu、Hollnagel Erik以及Patriarca Riccardo;Safety Ⅱ传播的核心领域为工业工程、运筹管理科学、人机工程学、应用心理学以及健康护理科学与服务等领域;Safety Ⅱ传播的主题为“韧性与功能共振”、“病患安全”、“事故与人的失误”、“安全与风险管理”、“社会技术系统与人的因素”以及“安全风险的评估”6大方向。研究结果对我国安全科学理论与实践的发展有重要作用。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.