北京和上海居民旧衣物回收再利用体系建设初探

北京和上海在迈向国际化大都市进程中，随着人口的迅速增长，生活垃圾产生量与日俱增，垃圾减量从源头做起。旧衣物作为可回收、可再利用资源，现有的垃圾分类标准和回收箱的设置，不利于旧衣物的回收和再利用。目前，北京和上海在政府的支持和推动下，设专项开展旧衣物回收试点工作，已取得良好的效果。未来，如何使北京和上海旧衣物回收再利用成为一种常态，仍需政府的支持和全社会的共同参与。     

天津市旧衣物回收体系现状分析

介绍了天津市废旧商品回收体系建设的发展目标以及重点任务,从旧衣物回收主体、旧衣物回收方式、旧衣物利用方式等方面阐述了天津市旧衣物回收体系现状。近年来在天津市公益组织、社会组织,以及与慈善机构或公益组织或政府部门合作的环保企业,主要在社区投放旧衣物回收箱来回收居民家中闲置的衣物,天津旧衣物回收体系已初见成效。分析结果以期对其他城市和地区旧衣物回收体系建设及旧衣物回收利用的相关工作具有一定的参考价值。     

北京旧衣物回收体系现状分析

北京在迈向世界城市的进程中,随着人口的迅速增长,生活垃圾产生量与日俱增,垃圾减量从源头做起。经过近两年的发展,北京市多家公益机构积极投身于旧衣物回收体系建设,在社区、学校、机关免费投放旧衣物回收箱,方便居民投放,北京市旧衣物回收体系已初见成效。总结北京市旧衣物回收体系主要特征,为其他地区开展相关工作提出可借鉴的经验。     

我国旧衣物后端综合利用典范企业模式分析——以广州格瑞哲环保科技有限公司为例

广州格瑞哲环保科技有限公司是我国目前规模最大的旧衣物分拣及出口企业。具有高素质的管理团队和现代化的管理方式,是国内旧衣物回收行业的佼佼者。在实地调研的基础上,从格瑞哲旧衣物回收再利用模式入手,分析其成功经验,对我国旧衣物回收再利用行业发展具有一定的示范作用。     

广州市和深圳市旧衣物回收行业现状分析

广州市和深圳市旧衣物回收行业以企业运营方式为主,较早在社区投放旧衣物回收箱,旧衣物回收行业已初具规模,有效实施旧衣物分类回收,实现了生活垃圾资源化利用。     

美国旧衣物回收箱管理及经营者责任

随着我国旧衣物回收进入居民社区、学校、企业、商场或机构,部分社区出现2～3家企业同时投放回收箱,箱体颜色、宣传标语、联系方式各自为政,缺乏统一管理,回收箱经营者责任不清等问题。通过对美国旧衣物回收箱相关条例、行为准则的介绍,了解如何统一旧衣物回收箱文字标识,规范回收箱经营企业行为,明确经营者的责任和义务,为我国旧衣物回收规范经营提供可借鉴的经验。     

《我国主要城市旧衣物回收现状调查报告》概述

《我国主要城市旧衣物回收现状调查报告》已由人民出版社出版。该报告基于2015—2017年对全国12个城市的29家旧衣物回收再利用企业和机构进行的实地调研。调研发现:我国旧衣物回收再利用行业进入发展阶段;行业企业开始盈利;目前部分城市旧衣物回收箱进社区合法化;行业龙头企业已初具规模;行业吸引了大企业及科技公司加入;旧衣物回收模式具有创新性;产业链上中下游优秀企业脱颖而出。研究结果对相关企业了解企业经营模式和成功经验具有一定的指导作用。     

“环保+公益”旧衣物回收创新模式——以地球站公益创业工程为例

随着公益组织、企业和大众对环境保护意识的增强,近年来,越来越多的公益组织和企业在居民社区投放旧衣物回收箱,"地球站公益创业工程"是在北京率先开展此项活动的公益机构之一,并探索出"环保+公益"的旧衣物回收创新模式。通过对地球站公益创业工程"环保+公益"双增效途径分析,为其他机构有效地开展旧衣物回收工作提供参考。     

华凯佰旧衣物回收箱实施效果分析

苏州华凯佰废旧纺织品综合利用有限公司在短短的两年多的时间里,成为国内投放旧衣物回收箱数量最多、覆盖省市最广的旧衣物回收渠道企业。基于对该企业调研、访谈及数据资料,从环境、公益和社会效益分析华凯佰旧衣物回收箱实施效果,为行业企业提供参考。     

废旧衣物回收再利用国际化端倪初现

资源节约,环境保护,倡导低碳生活,是全人类共同关注的社会问题。分析了目前国内废旧衣物资源回收利用率低的主要原因,政府应加快建立并逐步完善废旧纺织品回收循环利用的法律保障机制;介绍了废旧衣物回收后纤维类材料再利用的方法,以及发达国家具有代表性的商业运作模式;简述了国际化战略是考证企业软实力的理由;提出了中国企业国际化要做好五个方面工作的可资借鉴的智库思路。     

浅谈我国旧衣服回收及再利用

随着人们生活水平的提高,服装更新速度越来越快,废旧衣服既污染环境,其再利用价值也没有发挥出来.把循环经济中的“3R原则”应用到废旧衣服回收中,以发挥废旧衣服的最大价值.     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

硫磺回收装置扩能改造及效果分析

介绍了回收酸性气体生产硫磺的工艺原理与工艺流程,论述了影响硫磺回收装置生产能力的诸多因素与扩能改造的情况。扩能改造后,该装置的酸性气体处理量平均为976m^3／h,瞬时处理量可达1200m^3／h,硫磺的生产能力从4450t／a提高到7500t／a,生产能力提高了68．5％,装置总硫回收率达到93．5％。     

Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Mineral Spoils and Drainage Waters at Abandoned Coal and Metal Mines

Mining is a long-established human activity. Abandonedmines, tailings, and mine spoils may have considerable impacton neighboring environments long after the sites are abandoned. Of greatest concern are derelict mines and wastes that generateacidic discharge waters that are enriched with iron and othermetals and metalloids. The chemistry and microbiology of thesesites are intricately intertwined. Whilst some indigenousmicroorganisms are responsible for accelerating sulfide mineraloxidation, thereby generating acidity and mobilizing metals,others catalyze reductive processes that essentially reversethese reactions and thereby ameliorate polluted mine waters.This article reviews current knowledge on the chemistry and microbiology of abandoned coal and metal mines, mine spoils and tailings.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。     

含氟化物及沥青的烟尘治理

铝厂排出的含有氟、氟化物、沥青的烟气及粉尘、使植物、家畜受到危害,引起氟中毒。应用沥青混凝聚装置和静电回收净化技术,既能净化有害烟气又能回收有价值的工业原料。     

Dialdehyde starch and zein plastic: Mechanical properties and biodegradability

Dialdehyde starch (DAS) and zein, a hydrophobic corn protein, were investigated to produce biodegradable plastics with improved water resistance and mechanical properties. In the study, dialdehyde starch and zein ratio, plasticizers, and degree of starch oxidation were examined. Increased molding temperature and level of starch oxidation decreased water absorption of the plastic. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with starch oxidation. The biodegradation of starting materials and ground plastic specimens was studied in aerobic soil reactors maintained at 25°C for 180 days. Biodegradation of corn starch, zein, and dialdehyde starch for 180 days produced CO₂ equivalent to 64, 63, and 10% of theoretical carbon, respectively. Specimens of molded DAS and zein (3 : 1) plastic showed accelerated CO₂ evolution compared to DAS and other raw materials alone. By 180 days, specimens made with starch of low oxidation (1 and 5% oxidized) demonstrated a 60% biodegradation, and specimens with highly oxidized starch (90% oxidized) achieved 37% biodegradation.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.Journal Paper J-15927 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Project No. 3258.