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《资源开发与市场》2015,(7)
基于生态用水量、人均国内生产总值用水量、人均粮食用水量和人均生活用水量构建了水资源承载力评价模型,计算了云南省大理白族自治州在不同规划年和不同生活水平下的水资源承载力。结果表明,随着大理白族自治州人们生活水平的提高,在同一水平年下水资源承载指数呈上升趋势,可承载人口数量呈下降趋势;在同一生活水平下,水资源承载指数呈下降趋势,可承载人口数量呈增长趋势。2000年,WRCC最大指数为1.64,在初步富裕生活水平下处于中超载状态;2010年,WRCC最大指数趋于临界值1,达到0.99;2020年,WRCC最大指数为0.85,处于低余载状态,表明大理白族自治州可利用水资源量在保证生态需水的前提下能够满足预测年的人口数量和经济发展规模。 相似文献
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产业结构升级与城市水资源可持续利用——以北京市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
北京市产业结构与城市用水的变化过程表明,产业结构优化升级与降低城市生产用水量密切相关,对保障快速城市化背景下的城市生活用水需求增长至关重要。加大产业结构调整力度,控制生产用水量至零增长或负增长,是水资源短缺城市实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径。 相似文献
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广州市生态环境与经济发展阶段的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在过去的发展中,广州市实现了经济跨越式发展,但也给生态环境带来了巨大压力.自20世纪90年代以来.广州市加大了环境整治力度,试图改善本区域的生态环境质量.在2001年和2002年,广州市分别获得"中国人居环境示范奖"和联合国"改善人居环境最佳示范奖"称号,许多学者认为这是广州城市经济建设和环境保护进入协调发展新阶段的标志.为了验证该结论,分析了2000年以来广州市生态环境的变化情况和现状,研究了1990年以来广州市逐年环境生态指标与社会经济指标之间的关系,最后引入环境库兹涅茨曲线研究广州城市环境质量状况以及工业排污情况等随经济发展的变化情况,并对未来变化趋势做出预测.研究表明,2000年以来广州生态环境质量有所改善,但目前环境问题仍较突出,未来广州市环境质量变化情况还处在急剧的变化之中,很难确认广州市环境保护工作与城市经济建设已经进入了协调发展阶段. 相似文献
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《资源开发与市场》2019,(5)
运用LMDI-Tapio两阶段方法分析长江三角洲地区2000—2015年用水量变化驱动效应与脱钩状态,分解脱钩指数,探究脱钩状态变化的驱动因素。研究发现:长江三角洲地区具有较稳定且状况较好的脱钩—弱脱钩—强脱钩变化过程,3省市总体脱钩状态存在差异性:浙江上海江苏;上海脱钩因素贡献率为:强度收入人口结构,江苏和浙江的脱钩因素贡献率均为:收入强度结构人口。结果表明,产业用水强度和产业结构是长江三角洲地区用水量与经济增长脱钩的促进因素,经济收入增加和人口规模增长是长江三角洲地区用水量与经济增长脱钩的抑制因素。因此,长江三角洲地区应改善发展结构,优化三大产业的用水比例,积极改变经济发展模式,以保持强脱钩的理想状态。 相似文献
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张仁志 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2001,(2)
本文在对“九五”期间秦皇岛市城市生活、公用事业水情况认真分析的基础上,按秦皇岛市“十五”计划和2010年远景目标对秦皇岛市2005年和2010年未来城市生活需水量和城市公用事业用水量进行了预测;同时对2020年和2030年进行了展望;综合分析预测的结果,提出了节水的建议,并对需水量的零增长期进行了预期分析。本文的研究结果对秦皇岛市水资源可持续利用及国民经济和社会发展规划的制订有积极的意义。 相似文献
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干旱区水资源短缺,生产用水、生态用水与人民群众的生活用水矛盾突出。针对和田地区农村改水的地下饮用水状况的分析和评价,结果表明,地下饮用水的色度、浑浊度以及砷、泵、镉、铬、铅、硝酸盐等超标率均为零。总硬度、Cl^-、SO4^2-及F^-等指标的超标率较高,而这些物质的存在对于水质的理化性状影响较大,并因此而引发人体健康教育改变。和田地区总体饮用I级水的人口数量多,但局部的超标水依然存在。应通过对区域自然地理状况和人文因素的系统研究和科学论证,加强水源保护,改进卫生条件和卫生观念,建立农村饮水监测网,加强系统监测、监督和管理,以保障人民群众安全的生活用水。 相似文献
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随着经济的高速发展和人民生活水平的提高,工业废水和生活污水的排放量越来越大,水环境所面临的压力也越来越严峻,这已成为制约中国经济发展的主要因素之一。因此,如何做好水环境的预警工作将是未来中国的工作重点。本文以广州市水环境预警监测体系为例,指出广州市目前水环境预警监测体系构建的难点和不足,提出建设意见,以期对其他区域水环境预警监测体系的研究起抛砖引玉的作用。 相似文献
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To design water distribution network infrastructure, water utilities formulate daily demand profiles and peaking factors. However, traditional methods of developing such profiles and peaking factors, necessary to carry out water distribution network modelling, are often founded on a number of assumptions on how top-down bulk water consumption is attributed to customer connections and outdated demand information that does not reflect present consumption trends; meaning infrastructure is often unnecessarily overdesigned. The recent advent of high resolution smart water meters allows for a new novel methodology for using the continuous ‘big data’ generated by these meter fleets to create evidence-based water demand curves suitable for use in network models. To demonstrate the application of the developed method, high resolution water consumption data from households fitted with smart water meters were collected from the South East Queensland and Hervey Bay regions in Australia. Average day (AD), peak day (PD) and mean day maximum month (MDMM) demand curves, often used in water supply network modelling, were developed from the herein created methodology using both individual end-use level and hourly demand patterns from the smart meters. The resulting modelled water demand patterns for AD, PD and MDMM had morning and evening peaks occurring earlier and lower main peaks (AD: 12%; PD: 20%; MDMM: 33%) than the currently used demand profiles of the regions’ water utility. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of widespread smart water metering systems for enhanced water distribution infrastructure planning and management as well as the benefits to customers. 相似文献
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Jinsang Jung Hanlim Lee Young J. Kim Xingang Liu Yuanhang Zhang Jianwei Gu Shaojia Fan 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3231-3244
Optical and chemical aerosol measurements were obtained from 2 to 31 July 2006 at an urban site in the metropolitan area of Guangzhou (China) as part of the Program of Regional Integrated Experiment of Air Quality over Pearl River Delta (PRIDE-PRD2006) to investigate aerosol chemistry and the effect of aerosol water content on visibility impairment and radiative forcing. During the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign, the average contributions of ammonium sulfate, organic mass by carbon (OMC), elemental carbon (EC), and sea salt (SS) to total PM2.5 mass were measured to be 36.5%, 5.7%, 27.1%, 7.8%, and 3.7%, respectively. Compared with the clean marine period, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, and OMC were all greatly enhanced (by up to 430%) during local haze periods via the accumulation of a secondary aerosol component. The OMC dominance increased when high levels of biomass burning influenced the measurement site while (NH4)2SO4 and OMC did when both biomass burning and industrial emissions influenced it. The effect of aerosol water content on the total light-extinction coefficient was estimated to be 34.2%, of which 25.8% was due to aerosol water in (NH4)2SO4, 5.1% that in NH4NO3, and 3.3% that in SS. The average mass-scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM10 particles was determined to be 2.2 ± 0.6 and 4.6 ± 1.7 m2 g−1 under dry (RH < 40%) and ambient conditions, respectively. The average single-scattering albedo (SSA) was 0.80 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.04 under dry and ambient conditions, respectively. Not only are the extinction and scattering coefficients greatly enhanced by aerosol water content, but MSE and SSA are also highly sensitive. It can be concluded that sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol, as well as aerosol water content, play important roles in the processes that determine visibility impairment and radiative forcing in the ambient atmosphere of the Guangzhou urban area. 相似文献
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David B. Baker R. Peter Richards Timothy T. Loftus Jack W. Kramer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):503-522
ABSTRACT: The term flashiness reflects the frequency and rapidity of short term changes in streamflow, especially during runoff events. Flashiness is an important component of a stream's hydrologic regime. A variety of land use and land management changes may lead to increased or decreased flashiness, often to the detriment of aquatic life. This paper presents a newly developed flashiness index, which is based on mean daily flows. The index is calculated by dividing the pathlength of flow oscillations for a time interval (i.e., the sum of the absolute values of day‐to‐day changes in mean daily flow) by total discharge during that time interval. This index has low interannual variability, relative to most flow regime indicators, and thus greater power to detect trends. Index values were calculated for 515 Midwestern streams for the 27‐year period from 1975 through 2001. Statistically significant increases were present in 22 percent of the streams, primarily in the eastern portion of the study area, while decreases were present in 9 percent, primarily in the western portion. Index values tend to decrease with increasing watershed area and with increasing unit area ground water inputs. Area compensated index values often shift at ecoregion boundaries. Potential index applications include evaluation of programs to restore more natural flow regimes. 相似文献