对4-氨基安替比林萃取光度法测定水中挥发性酚类方法的探讨

对标准方法进行了改进,并对方法的线性和精密度、准确度进行了讨论。试验结果表明,该法具有节约水电、节省时间、降低试剂消耗等优点。     

环境空气中细颗粒物自动监测手工比对的质量控制

简述了国内、国际细颗粒物比对监测工作的概况,对南通市细颗粒物比对监测工作进行了分析,对目前细颗物比对监测过程中存在细颗粒物污染状况对数据有效性的影响,以及温、湿度对自动监测数据的影响等问题,提出了对策建议。     

室内环境空气污染对人体的危害及其防治

依据《GB/T 18883-2002室内空气质量标准》,本文对标准中规定的四类化学物质共19项监测指标就其种类、来源、特点及危害进行了分析,对如何监测进行了说明,并对预防室内环境空气污染提出了对策和建议.     

大气降尘中铅、锌、铜、铁的原子吸收光谱法测定

研究了大气降尘中铅、锌、铜、铁等金属元素的原子吸收光谱测定方法,用氢氟酸消解法对降尘进行预处理,并对方法的精密度、准确度进行了检验,结果较为满意.该法简便、快速、灵敏.     

氯化聚乙烯生产废水循环利用实例

文章从介绍氯化聚乙烯生产工艺入手，分析了项目实施前后水平衡，对项目实施前后新鲜水，中水使用及废水排放量进行了比较，对项目实施的技术、经济可行性进行了论证，阐述了项目实施一年来取得的经济、环境和社会效益，揭示了本项目实施对同行业和周围企业的示范引导作用。     

吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定水中苯系物

对吹扫捕集气相色谱法分析水中苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对、间-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯、异丙苯)的方法进行了研究,并讨论了吹扫捕集测定的优化条件,探讨了影响测定的各因素应注意的问题,并对实际水样进行了方法对比实验.结果表明,该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重复性好,适用于饮用水、地表水、污水的测定.     

对环境空气氯化氢浓度限值的探讨

通过对环境空气中氯化氢的毒理作用,各类标准比较、标准来源、评价标准的计算方法等,对现有的环境空气质量标准进行了探讨,提出了需要对现行标准进行修订的建议.     

重庆市主城区大气环境质量变化分析及对策研究

对重庆市主城区大气污染因子二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮颗粒物近年来的变化进行了分析,并对大气环境质量变化的影响及原因进行了研讨,提出了综合控制及治理的对策和措施,以期对重庆市经济大力发展和造就良好的人居环境提供有价值的依据和理论指导。     

有机锡化合物的性质、环境污染来源及测定方法

综述了有机锡化合物的性质 ,并对此类化合物在PVC稳定剂、木材防腐剂、农药、防腐涂料和杀螺贝剂等方面的应用作了简介 ,从而指出其主要的环境污染来源。对环境中有机锡化合物的测定方法作了简单评价。     

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫和循环流化床干法脱硫技术应用比较

对目前火电厂所用的石灰石—石膏湿法和循环流化床干法脱硫技术的原理和工艺进行了简单介绍,对石灰石—石膏湿法和循环流化床干法2种脱硫技术从运行技术参数、投资运行费用、脱硫效率、各自优缺点等几个方面做了简单比较,并对循环流化床法在新疆的应用前景进行了分析。     

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气颗粒物中元素污染的季节变化特征

分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其参考区(S)采集了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用等离子体电感耦合质谱(ICP-MS)检测了13种元素。结果表明,E地区大气TSP中各元素含量均高于对照区,特别是污染元素Zn、Cu、Cd、Sn和Pb。E地区和S地区TSP中元素质量浓度的季节变化趋势相似,TSP中地壳元素质量浓度夏季高于冬季,而污染元素冬季高于夏季。E地区和S地区TSP中Cu、Zn、Sn和Pb的富集因子(EF)100,E地区EF值高于对照区,说明这些元素主要来源于电子垃圾处理过程;而Mg、K、Ca、Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Co和Cd的EF值为1~10,说明元素主要为自然来源。     

城市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况及变化规律

2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出～167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有...     

Interspecific and Locational Differences in Heavy Metal Levels in Four Species of Birds Near Sydney, Australia

We examined the levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in four species of birds near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in January, 1996. Molted contour feathers were collected from silver gull, Larus novaehollandiae (Royal National Park and downtown Sydney), sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea (Blue Mountains, Royal National Park, and Sydney), Australian white ibis, Threskiornis molucca (Sydney), and rock dove Columba livia (Royal National Park and Sydney). We tested the null hypothesis that there were no species or locational differences in metal levels. There were significant species differences in all metals, with rock doves having the highest levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, and manganese, and silver gulls having the highest levels of mercury and selenium. Metal levels were generally low in cockatoos, and were lowest in those from the Royal National Park. For silver gulls, cadmium, lead, and chromium levels were highest at Sydney, and there were no locational differences in manganese, mercury, and selenium levels. For rock doves, cadmium, chromium and manganese were higher in Sydney, and there were no locational differences in lead, mercury, and selenium. Overall, cadmium and chromium levels were significantly higher in Sydney than in the Royal National Park for all species, and there were no locational differences in mercury levels. Although the levels of most metals in feathers from these Australian birds were within the ranges reported worldwide, lead levels in ibises and rock doves were among the highest reported worldwide, suggesting a cause for concern.     

Habitat Conditions and Correlations of Sediment Quality Triad Indicators in Delaware Bay

This paper summarizes sampling results from NOAA's National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program for marine environmental quality in Delaware Bay. A stratified-random design was used to determine the spatial extent of sediment contamination and toxicity in Delaware Bay from offshore stations in the coastal zone, the lower estuary, the upper estuary, the fresh/salt mixing zone, and tidal fresh areas. Sediment samples were taken for chemical analyses of major classes of environmental contaminants, a suite of toxicity bioassays, and benthic macrofaunal community assessment to identify patterns of resident species. The tidal-fresh areas and portions of the mixing zone of the study area were heavily contaminated. Contaminant concentrations were frequently above the 90th percentile of EMAP Virginian Province levels. PAHs in the sediment were higher than previously documented, with a major component of PAHs being pyrogenic in origin. Bioassay results were highly variable. Toxicity and contaminant levels were correlated when aggregated into indices, but were only marginally correlated with benthic community impacts. High and low abundance stations were found in all zones. Most of the tidal fresh stations were dominated by pollution tolerant species. Species diversity and abundance were generally lowest in the fresh/salt mixing zone.     

沧州市滨海盐碱区土壤盐渍化特征

分层采集不同时期沧州市滨海盐碱区的土样,采用流动分析仪测定各土样的总含盐量及主要盐分离子,分析土壤的盐渍化特征.结果表明:该地区为硫酸盐-氯化物型盐渍化土壤,土壤中氯化钠、氯化镁和氯化钙为氯化物的主要组成部分,硫酸盐类主要为硫酸钠、硫酸镁和硫酸钙.该地区不同采样时期间、不同地区间和不同土层间土壤盐渍化状态均存在极显著差异.除碳酸根+碳酸氢根外,钾离子、钠离子、镁离子、氯离子、钙离子、硅酸根离子和硫酸根离子均为表征该地区土壤盐渍化状态的主要盐分离子.     

京杭运河江苏段底栖动物群落结构调查

通过2018年5月在京杭运河江苏段布设23个采样点调查底栖动物群落结构和生境状况,并用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数评价底栖动物多样性,用聚类法分析采样点底栖动物群落结构相似性,用ANOSIM分析检验聚类组差异性,用SIMPER对聚类组作主要特征物种分析。结果显示:23个采样点共采集底栖动物42种,其中甲壳纲4种、软体动物16种、多毛纲2种、蛭纲2种、昆虫纲4种(均为摇蚊类)、寡毛纲14种。聚类分析将23个采样点分成4组,ANOSIM分析检验表明各聚类组底栖动物群落结构具有显著差异(p<0.05),底质类型和水生植被等生境状况是影响京杭运河江苏段底栖动物群落结构的重要原因。     

PM2.5中重金属形态分布及其在模拟酸雨中的释放

对西安市夏季PM_2.5中6种重金属元素的化学形态进行分析,并研究了模拟酸雨淋溶条件下PM_2.5中6种元素的释放过程。结果表明,近80%的Cr和Fe分布在有机质、氧化物、硫化物结合态和残渣态中,Cd在大气环境中的化学性质很活泼,具有很强的毒害性,Pb、As、和Hg 3种元素主要以碳酸盐态、可氧化态与可还原态存在于环境中;PM_2.5中6种元素均有不同程度的释放,Cd释放率高于其他元素,Fe释放率最低,pH降低有利于颗粒物中重金属元素的释放。     

天津城郊土壤中PAHs含量特征及来源解析

以天津市郊环城四区为研究对象,系统采集了环城四区95个表层土壤样品,利用高效液相色谱仪对16种PAHs进行分析测定,结果表明,西青、东丽、津南和北辰土壤中16种PAHs的总量范围分别为62.6～1 994.9、36.1～4 074.7、20.1～2 502.5、22.1～707.7μg/kg;平均含量分别为445.8、841.8、509.5、242.5μg/kg。四区中都以高环多环芳烃为主,西青、东丽、北辰和津南高环多环芳烃分别占多环芳烃总比例的45.4%、42.2%、38.8%和38.7%。空间分析的结果表明,靠近天津市市区样点土壤中多环芳烃的含量要明显高于远离市区土壤中多环芳烃的含量。利用环数PAHs的相对丰度和比值法对天津市郊环城四区土壤中多环芳烃的污染来源进行了解析,研究区土壤监测样点的PAHs主要来自燃烧源,少部分来自石油类来源或几种污染源的共同复合累加的作用。     

北京公园水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的测定及其分布特征

为了正确评估北京市公园水体受PAEs污染的程度,采集了北京11个公园湖水的水样,采用固相萃取-气相色谱联用技术检测了其中六种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的含量,该方法加标回收率在73%～89.3%,RSD为5.9%～18.1%,检出限在0.40～4.58mg/L。实验结果为北京公园水体中总PAEs浓度在6.4～138.1μg/L,平均值为27.9μg/L,证明北京公园水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染,主要的污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),其中东南部以及西北部的公园污染较严重。分析了PAEs在公园湖水底泥中和水体中的分布特征,结果显示,PAEs在湖水底泥中的含量明显大于在水体中的含量。     

Metal Concentrations in Fish Species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea

Samples of Mugil cephalus and Mullus barbatus were collected in the Northeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey the contents of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc and lead in the liver, gill and muscle tissues were determined by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry.Except for lead, highest levels of each metal were found in the liver and this was followed by the gill and muscle in both species. Among the metals analyzed, Cu, Zn and Fe were the most abundant in the different tissues while Cd and Pb were the least abundant both in M. cephalus and M. barbatus. Seasonal changes in metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these seasonal variations may not influence consumption advisories. In general, the highest concentrations were detected for all metals in summer.