新疆食品中天然放射性核素水平及所致居民剂量

本文报道了新疆十一类 (21种)食品中U、Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的浓度.所得结果均属正常水平,且与国内有关报道较为一致.通过估算得出了新疆居民四种核素(~(238)U、~(234)U、~(232)T h和~(226)Ra)的年总摄入量为65.6Bq,所致总待积有效剂量当量为14.0μSv.     

云南水环境放射性水平监测结果分析

根据2013—2020年云南省河流、湖泊、饮用水和地下水省控点、国控点的水中放射性水平监测结果,分析了水中总α、总β、U、Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K、¹³⁷Cs、⁹⁰Sr的监测浓度。结果表明:六大水系监测断面水中总α、总β均小于0.5、1.0 Bq/L;九大高原湖泊水中放射性水平相对较高的是Ⅴ类水体杞麓湖、异龙湖,放射性水平相对较低的是Ⅰ类水体抚仙湖、泸沽湖,滇池内海水中U、Th浓度优于滇池外海;饮用水源地水中放射性总α、总β均显著低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)规定限值。     

辽宁省部分国营建材厂墙体材料放射性水平的状况

一、状况 表1列出了建材成品中~(226)Ra、~(232)Th和~(40)K的含量,并按苏联、波兰和我国的计算式计算了总活性比值。 建材成品的~(226)Ra含量变化范围为32～76Bq kg~(-1),平均为51.6Bq kg~(-1);~(232)Th     

阿勒泰地区饮用水中~(226)Ra和~(238)U浓度及其所致居民剂量

本文报告了阿勒泰居民饮用水中~(226)Ra和~(238)U浓度及其所致居民有效剂量当量。其结果除个别水样中~(238)U浓度略偏高外,其他均在正常范围之内。     

山东省主要农产品中放射性核素浓度及其浓集特性

本文介绍了用Ge(Li)γ谱测定山东省13种农产品及其相应土壤中~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th,~(40)K和~(137)Cs放射性植素的含量,分别计算了浓积系数,结果表明,有些农作物对某些核素具有特殊的浓积作用     

2007—2015年长江流域四川段主要江河放射性水平分析

对2007—2015年长江流域四川段主要12条江河水体放射性核素活度浓度的监测结果进行了分析。结果表明，四川段主要江河放射性核素水平远低于我国规定的露天水源的限制浓度。与1995年中国环境天然放射性（四川省部分）、1988年长江水系天然放射性活度浓度参考范围相比，U、Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K、¹³⁷C_s均有上升趋势，其他核素活度浓度涨落不明显均在本底范围内。总 α、总 β放射性活度浓度测值均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749—2006）的限值要求。     

连云港田湾海域表层沉积物中放射性核素含量水平

采用高纯锗γ谱仪测量连云港田湾海域表层沉积物中7种放射性核素含量水平,分析其粒度特征和放射性核素分布特征,并与我国其他海域作对比。结果表明,该海域以细颗粒沉积物为主,以悬移质泥沙搬运为主要沉积模式;沉积物中~(210)Pb、~(238)U、~(228)Ra、~(40)K、~(226)Ra、~(228)Th、~(137)Cs的测定均值分别为50.89 Bq/kg、39.98 Bq/kg、46.70 Bq/kg、898.72 Bq/kg、25.20 Bq/kg、51.65 Bq/kg、2.01 Bq/kg,虽然比活度变化较大,但总体处于一个水平;每个采样点位各核素出现的极大值有所不同,与离岸距离无明显关系;铀系、钍系衰变系列核素的放射性均呈现出一定的衰变不平衡性;沉积物中~(40)K含量明显高于我国其他海域,~(137)Cs含量明显低于渤海湾,总体高于其他南部海域,与以往研究结论基本一致。     

太湖流域稀土企业放射性废水污染调查

为治理太湖流域稀土加工过程中产生的放射性废水环境污染,对比分析了太湖流域2家典型稀土企业2005年-2009年的废水和底泥的总α、总β和238U、232Th、226Ra、40K,评价放射性污染对环境的影响程度,为消除放射性废水环境污染危害提供客观依据和方法建议.     

水、食品和人体中的~(234)U和~(238)U及其所致人体剂量

本文对近年文献报导中水、食品和人体中的~(234)U和~(238)U含量,比活度比值的调查结果,并估算出了人体所受的内照射剂量,作了评述,引用文献19篇,表格14张.     

哈密地区水中~(238)u和~(226)Ra水平及其所致居民剂量评价

本文报道了哈密地区居民饮用水中~(238)U和~(226)Ra水平,其几何平均值分别为79.8、1.97m Bq.L~(-1),人口加权平均值分别为80.5、1.84m Bq.L~(-1)。居民连续饮此水50年,水中~(238)U、~(234)U和~(226)Ra所致居民有效约定剂量当量分别为202、430、24μsv,分别为我国天然辐射源所致居民外照射年有效剂量(952μsv)的21.2％、45.2％、2.5％,由此可见,不会对居民健康产生有意义的影响。     

2016—2020年云南土壤放射性水平及其变化趋势分析

根据2011—2020年云南辐射环境质量土壤国省控点²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K、¹³⁷Cs、⁹⁰Sr的监测结果，给出云南环境土壤放射性水平，得出云南环境土壤放射性水平总体平稳；云南环境土壤国省控点²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K的监测结果与云南省环境天然放射性水平调查结果相近，与云南土壤²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K分布趋势基本吻合；云南土壤²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra活度浓度略低于全国平均水平；由于大气迁移、沉降作用，早期核试验、核事故释放的核素¹³⁷Cs、⁹⁰Sr在云南环境土壤均有不同程度的检出。云南属伴生放射性矿产资源大省，滇西南某地...     

Assessment of environmental radioactivity for Batman, Turkey

The province of Batman, located in southern Anatolia, has a population of approximately 500,000. To our knowledge, there exists no information regarding the environmental radioactivity in this province. Therefore, gamma activity measurements in soil, building materials and water samples and an indoor radon survey have been carried out in the Batman province. The mean activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) and a fission product (¹³⁷Cs) were 35 ± 8, 25 ± 10, 274 ± 167 and 12 ± 7 Bq kg^???1, respectively, in the soil samples. The concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in the selected building materials ranged from 18 to 48 Bq kg^???1, 8 to 49 Bq kg^???1 and 68 to 477 Bq kg^???1, respectively. All the calculated radium equivalent (Ra_eq) activity values of the building material samples are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg^???1, equivalent to a γ-dose of 1.5 mSv year^???1. The activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in tap waters collected from the study area were determined with mean specific activity concentrations of 42 ± 15, 35 ± 9 and 524 ± 190 mBq L^???1, respectively. Indoor radon measurements were made at 95 dwellings in Batman using a CR-39 detector. The radon concentration levels were found to vary from 23 to 145 Bq m^???3. The arithmetic mean of the measured radon concentration levels was found to be 84 Bq m^???3 with a standard deviation value of 23 Bq m^???3. The measurement results obtained in this study did not significantly differ from those taken in other parts of the country. The data generated in this study can be used to determine whether the Batman province is in a normal or high background radiation area and provides a valuable database for future estimations of the impact of radioactive pollution.     

Assessment of public exposure to naturally occurring radioactive materials from mining and mineral processing activities of Tarkwa Goldmine in Ghana

Studies have been carried out in a Goldmine in Ghana to determine the exposure of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials from processing of gold ore. Direct gamma spectrometry and neutron activation analysis techniques were used to analyse soil, rock, water and dust samples from the mining environment. The mean activity concentrations measured for (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in the soil/rock samples were 15.2, 26.9 and 157.1 Bq kg(?-?1), respectively. For the water samples, the mean activity concentrations were 0.54 and 0.41 Bq l(?-?1)) and 7.76 Bq l(?-?1) for (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K, respectively. The mean activity concentrations measured in the dust samples were 4.90 and 2.75 μBq m(?-?3) for (238)U and (232)Th, respectively. The total annual effective dose to the public was estimated to be 0.69 mSv. The results in this study compared well with typical world average values. The results indicate an insignificant exposure of the public from the activities of the Goldmine.     

Natural radioactivity and chemical concentrations in Egyptian groundwater

Measurements of natural radioactivity in drinking water have been performed in many parts of the world, mostly for assessment of the doses and risk resulting from consuming water. A study of the radionuclide and chemical components in groundwater from Beni Suef Governate, Egypt has been carried out. Fifty water samples were analyzed by gamma ray spectroscopy to determine the ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K concentrations; major elements, pH, alkalinity, and conductivity were also measured. The specific activity values ranged from 0.008 to 0.040 Bq/l for ²²⁶Ra, from 0.003 to 0.019 Bq/l for ²³²Th, and from 0.025 to 0.344 Bq/l for ⁴⁰K. The annual ingestions of these radionuclides, using local consumption rates (average over the whole population) of 1.5 l day^???1, were estimated to be 8.59, 4.86, and 83.47 Bq year^???1 for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, respectively. The estimated values and weighted means of these radionuclides compare well with the world average. The estimated effective doses from drinking water were found to be 2.4 ??Sv year^???1 (²²⁶Ra), 1.1 ??Sv year^???1 (²³²Th), and 0.51 ??Sv year^???1 (⁴⁰K). Contribution of these radionuclides to the committed effective dose from 1 year consumption of drinking water is estimated to be only 4%.     

Distribution of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in the marine environment of the Burullus Lake: II. Bottom sediments

The sediment compartment has the ability to trap large amounts of radionuclides and to indicate the radiological impact of pollution. The present work shows the results obtained related to the concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs and natural radionuclides in sediment in the Burullus Lake, Egypt. The average values of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in the bottom sediments collected from the east of the Burullus Lake ranged from 10.3 to 21.8 Bq/kg, from 11.9 to 34.4 Bq/kg, and from 268 to 401 Bq/kg, respectively. The study has shown that ⁴⁰K concentration is nearly uniform throughout the studied area while ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th are more concentrated in the northeastern shore. Lake sediments showed contamination with ¹³⁷Cs (2.7–15.9 Bq/kg). The ¹³⁷Cs sediment activities indicated higher concentrations in the off-shore sites. Concentrations of all γ -ray emitting radionuclides except ⁴⁰K in water samples were below the detection limits. The ⁴⁰K sediment–water distribution coefficients of the near-shore samples were higher than the off-shore samples.     

Radiochemical characterization of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey

This study has evaluated the levels of natural radionuclides and chemical components of mineral waters in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Turkey). The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (137)Cs, (40)K, gross alpha and gross beta were found as 129, 33, 28, 714, 125 and 170 mBq L(-1), respectively. Due to consumption of mineral waters, the radiological impact of them on the inhabitants was calculated by taking the annual intake into account through ingestion of aforementioned radionuclides. The estimated effective doses from mineral water were found to be 13.20 μSv year(-1) ((226)Ra), 2.74 μSv year(-1) ((232)Th), 0.13 μSv year(-1) ((137)Cs) and 1.62 μSv year(-1) ((40)K). The overall contribution of these radionuclides to the committed effective dose from a year's consumption of mineral water in the region is therefore estimated to be only 17.69%, which is in concordance with the recommended WHO value (100 μSv year(-1)). The chemical analysis results showed that these waters contain Na, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn elements. These values were evaluated and compared with the internationally verified values. This study provides important information for consumers and authorities because of their internal radiochemical exposure risk from mineral water intake.     

Assessment of radiological hazard of NORM in Margalla Hills limestone, Pakistan

Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K were found to be 14.32?±?0.24, 2.05?±?0.04, and 13.80?±?0.20 Bq kg(-1), respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to (226)Ra were found to be higher when compared with (40)K and (232)Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)), internal hazard (H(in)), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D(R,)), and corresponding annual effective dose (E(eff)) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man.     

Radium equivalent activity in the light of UNSCEAR report

Radium equivalent activity (Ra ( eq )) has been in practice for the last 40 years for the assessment of radiological hazard of radioactivity in environmental materials. The in-practice model for the calculation of the Ra ( eq ) has been critically reviewed in the light of the UNSCEAR 2000 report. Annual effective dose (E) values of (232)Th and (40)K were found to be not equal to that of (226)Ra derived from the activity concentrations of these radionuclides used in the expression for the Ra ( eq ). Therefore, a modified model has been proposed for the determination of the Ra ( eq ) for outdoor external exposure to gamma rays. The relation between the E and Ra ( eq ) has been explored. It is recommended that while describing the radiological hazard of the materials containing radioactivity, there should be no need to calculate the Ra ( eq ) if the E has already been determined or vice versa.     

Radiological study of exposure levels in El Maghara underground coal mine

Coal is largely composed of organic matter, but it is the inorganic matter in coal minerals and trace elements that have been cited as possible causes of health, environmental and technological problems associated with the use of coal. Some trace elements in coal are naturally radioactive. These radioactive elements include uranium (U), thorium (Th) and their numerous decay products, including radium (Ra) and radon (Rn). Although these elements are less chemically toxic than other coal constituents, such as arsenic, selenium or mercury, questions have been raised concerning the possible risk from radiation. In order to accurately address these questions and to predict the mobility of radioactive elements during the coal fuel cycle, it is important to determine the specific activity, distribution and form of radioactive elements in coal. The assessment of the radiation exposure from coal burning is critically dependent on the specific activity of radioactive elements in coal and in the fly ash that remains after combustion. The El-Maghara coal mine is the only producing coal mine in Egypt. It is located in the middle of the Sinai desert about 250 km north-east of Cairo, where a coal-fired power plant is intended to be built. In this study, a pre-operational radiological baseline of the site and the occupational radiation exposures due to radon progeny in the mine were determined. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil and coal dust samples collected along the main gallery ranges were found to be 6-22.9, 9.6-47.3 and 77-489 Bq kg-1, respectively. Soil samples collected around the mine showed concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the ranges 2.7-20.2, 3.2-12.6 and 14.6-201 Bq kg-1, respectively. All of the mean values of radon progeny were lower than the action levels for working places recommended in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 65.