基于模糊综合分析法的引调水工程水质响应关系分析

为提升引调水工程的环境改善效果,须对水体的自身连通水平、水质现状、水环境主要影响因子进行分析。以太湖流域跃进联圩为研究对象,利用图论连通度理论对研究区域静态基流连通性进行评价,探索圩内水系连通性的空间差异及变化特性。同时,开展短期引调水实验,结合模糊综合分析法评价引调水带来的圩内水质变化情况及规律,研究圩内水环境和水系连通性的响应关系。结果表明,模糊综合评价法在引调水环境改善分析中具有适用性,可实现对圩内各监测点位水质变化的全面分析;水体流动性是影响圩区内水质的重要环境因素,高锰酸盐指数是导致圩内水质恶化的主要影响因子。引调水工程对圩区水环境具有一定的持续改善性作用,但对基流连通性较差的区域,改善效果有限。     

新疆干旱区的水环境问题分析及对策

在分析新疆特定的自然地理条件及气修水文特征的基础上，讨论了新疆目前面临的水资源短缺、干旱化、沙漠化加剧；水土流失、土壤盐渍化严重；水污染日益严重、水质恶化等主要的水环境问题，对新疆水资源环境的改善提出了相应的对策。     

黄浦江水系水质变化及原因分析

根据1986—2010年的水质监测数据,研究了黄浦江水系水质变化,并对影响水质的主要因素进行了探讨。结果表明,近25年的黄浦江水系水质变化基本可分为3个阶段:1986—1996年,上海市的畜牧业高速发展,生活污水量逐年上升,工业废水量较大而处理率低,水环境压力加大,水质持续恶化;1996—2002年,上游来水水质、生活污水量和畜牧业污染量均基本稳定,为水质改善创造必要条件,随着工业废水量的下降及废水处理能力的加强,水质持续改善;2002—2010年,上游来水水质在2002—2004年明显恶化,生活污水量再次进入快速上升期,加大了水环境改善的难度,水质改善趋势放缓并渐趋稳定。     

湖泊水质的管理方法及其模拟

近十年来,随着我国工农业的飞跃发展,水环境的污染也日趋严重,若干主要水系的污染已处于严重超标的状态·目前许多城市,特别是工业发达、人口密集的城市,已迫切的提出了与该城市有关水系的水质规划和水质污染治理的要求.从水环境的总体来说,除了对某一单个湖泊(水库)的功能区提出具体要求之外,对整个有关水系进行规划和治理则更加重要.从上述观点出发,本文中提出了作为完全混合系统的湖泊(水库)的治理和管理的基本模型,做为采取主要工程措施的理论根据.在许多情况下,湖泊往往以相互关联的群湖形态而存在.群湖中各湖区的污染负荷和浓度值也往往差异较大,因此需要在单个湖泊分析的基础上,将湖群做为整个综合系统模拟,并建立相互关联系统的水质预测模型,这是,完全合理也是符合实际情况的.本文简要地介绍了解决这一问题的基本方法.     

沙坝水库扩建对水环境容量的影响研究

在对沙坝水库水质现状评价的基础上,计算了水库扩建前后库内有机物、TN和TP水环境容量的变化情况,并对计算结果进行了分析,从而为有效控制水体污染、科学管理和利用水资源提供理论支撑。     

洋河水库水质主成分分析

自20世纪80年代以来,洋河水库每年夏季都爆发“水华”现象,水质不断恶化。为研究水库水体水质年变化情况,于2005年对水库5个采样点的叶绿素a(Chl-a)、总磷(TP)等12项水化学指标进行为期1年的监测。采用基于因子分析的主成分分析方法,将洋河水库水质参数概括为5个主要成分,并分析各个主成分的含义以及其月均值随时间的变化规律。最后结合空间数据,分析了5个主成分年均值的空间分布特征和意义。结果表明,南库区的水质要明显好于北库区。     

通过监测浮游植物评价红旗水库水质现状和发展趋势

在“十五”期间通过水质生物学评价指标——浮游植物来评价红旗水库水质的现状，同时通过“九五”和“十五”浮游植物种类和数量的变化及“十五”的5年的变化来分析红旗水库水质的变化发展趋势．通过评价、对比，得出红旗水库水质属于轻污一中污染水体，并有稍微恶化的趋势，但是仍然符合饮用水源地标准.     

中原城市群水环境指标体系监测及改进对策

对中原城市群供排水环境指标进行了检测和分析,其中包括供水水质标准、污水排放水质标准、回用水水质指标、水环境质量标准等.其次,将各类水质检测结果与有关国家或行业标准对比分析,提出了中原城市群水环境质量标准中存在的问题.最后,提出了改善中原城市群水环境质量标准措施.研究成果对于提高各类水质监测技术水平和方法,改善水环境质量,实现中原城市群水务标准化管理等具有参考意义.     

新疆水环境质量影响因素浅析

由于新疆各类水体所处的地理环境不同,以及所在地域的气候、水文、人类活动强度等条件不同,使各类水体的水环境质量有很大差异.本文主要分析阐述了影响新疆河流、湖泊、水库、城市饮用水等水质特性的各类因素,并提出了较为可行的对策建议.     

新疆干旱区地表水环境质量变化趋势分析

为了研究新疆干旱区地表水的水环境质量变化趋势,基于2011—2019年新疆地表水的水质监测数据,运用综合污染指数法、Daniel趋势检验等方法,对新疆地表水环境质量变化趋势进行分析。研究结果发现,新疆地表水水质变化稳定,部分流经城市河流及纳污水库水质污染程度有所减轻。     

湖库水质评价污染因子选择方案探讨

目前我国湖库水质评价中,评价项目不统一,造成评价结果不具可比性.为抓住水体污染的主要矛盾,同时节约监测成本,对有代表性的湖库监测数据进行分析,提出了湖库水质评价项目的选择方案.     

船载自动监测系统在水质监测中的应用

水质监测是开展水生态环境评价、监管的基础性工作之一。随着对水生态环境保护与管理要求的提高，人工水质监测与自动水质监测相结合的模式应用越来越普遍。以船舶为载体的水质自动监测系统开展巡测，可实现高密度样品采集、检测及信息的实时传输，在长江泸州以下干流水域的实践中取得了良好效果。系统的应用可弥补常规监测断面间距过大、人工监测频次低、固定站房式水质自动监测站近岸取样等不足，对人工监测和自动监测形成有效补充；船载水质自动监测系统能够实现定点、定深、定时监测，可以在河流污染带监测、入河排污行为的监管以及偷排行为的溯源、水污染应急动态监测等工作中发挥有效作用，既可应用于长江干流等河道较宽且水质可能存在岸别差异的河流，也可应用于滇池、太湖、丹江口等大型湖泊、水库水生态环境监管。     

湖库水生植被光学遥感监测研究进展和展望

水生植被在湖库生态系统中发挥稳定沉积物、净化水质、平衡水生生态系统等作用,监测水生植被变化对湖库生态环境的监测具有重要意义。梳理了国内外利用高光谱、多光谱光学卫星遥感数据提取湖库水生植被的方法,尤其是针对其中涉及的阈值确定问题进行总结分析,介绍了典型研究区水生植被时空分布和变化以及与水质的关系,最后给出一些水生植被遥感监测的展望。     

广州市流溪河水库监测布点优化研究

运用方差分析及模糊聚类分析，对流溪河水库监测布点进行优化研究，结果表明：水库水质良好，各监测点间及垂向采样点间均无显著性差异；4个库区监测点可分为3类，其余监测点可分为4类。综合考虑确定流溪河水库监测布点方案，应设置对照、控制、出水3类断面，共7个监测点，分别为玉溪河、吕田河、汇水区、库区3个和大坝监测点，每年6月进行垂向分层采样，其余月份进行表层采样。     

Evaluation of the impacts of road runoff in a Mediterranean reservoir in Portugal

Road runoff is a linear diffuse source of pollution, with very specific characteristics. This study intends to improve the understanding of road runoff impacts in water bodies in Portugal. The chosen case study is S. Domingos reservoir catchment. The study analyzed land uses, the presence of pollution sources, and gathered temporal water quality data and performed site measurements and sample collection. The water quality data for the reservoir was provided by the national water quality monitoring system from the Portuguese Water Institute. The parameters selected were TSS, COD, NO₃ ^?, Cl^?, and Cu. The results obtained revealed that the presence of IP6 highway at S. Domingos catchment affects the water quality; however, the impacts are not significant due to the high dilution effect of the reservoir volume. Agriculture, the main land use of the catchment, is responsible for introducing pollutants such as TSS, Cl^?, COD, N, and P in the local water streams and at the reservoir. TSS, COD, and Cu are pollutants generated by the road. The success of the study was very much dependent on the availability of 12 years of historic water quality data for S. Domingos reservoir, and the use of the moving average method. Taking into consideration the high variability of hydrological variables in Mediterranean climates, the concentration of pollutants in the water bodies must always be assessed in a significant time period.     

Impact of phosphorus load reduction on water quality in a stratified reservoir-eutrophication modeling study

Monitoring data collected from the Mingder Reservoir in Taiwan indicate that the water quality is between mesotrophic and eutrophic. Chlorophyll a concentration is higher in the summer and anoxic conditions occur in the bottom. The data also reveal that a pronounced vertical thermal gradient in summer and vertical mixing the end of fall. A vertical two-dimensional, laterally averaged hydrodynamic and water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) was adopted to simulate the water surface elevation, water temperature, and water quality conditions in the water column. The modeling effort was supported with monitoring data collected in the field for a 2-year period in the reservoir. The hydrodynamic model reproduced the time series water surface elevation. Spatial and temporal distributions of temperature in the water column of the reservoir were also well reproduced by the hydrodynamic model. Model-calculated concentrations of key water quality constituents such as nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and algal biomass matched the measured values closely in the reservoir. The calibrated model was then applied to simulate water quality response to various nutrient reduction scenarios. Results of the model scenario runs reveal that a 20% and 80% reduction of the phosphorus loads will improve the water quality from eutrophic to mesotrophic and oligotrophic conditions, respectively. The modeling effort has yielded valuable information that can be used by decision makers for the evaluation of different management strategies of reducing watershed nutrient loads.     

三峡库区重庆段浮游藻类调查及水质评价

对三峡库区重庆段的浮游藻类的种类、种群密度和生物量进行了调查和分析,采用指示生物法和生物多样性指数法对三峡库区重庆段水体水质进行了评价。评价结果表明,三峡库区重庆段水体水质总体属轻度污染,并根据当地情况提出了保护水质的建议。     

乌拉泊水库水质分析及保护对策

根据乌鲁木齐市环境监测中心站多年的监测数据，运用单因子指数法、综合污染指数法和综合营养状态指数法分析了乌拉泊水库水质状况及变化趋势，并提出了保护和改善乌拉泊水库水质的对策建议，以期为乌拉泊水库环境保护管理提供依据。     

Factors dominating stratification cycle and seasonal water quality variation in a Korean estuarine reservoir

A comprehensive monitoring program was conducted during 2005-2007 to investigate seasonal variations of hydrologic stability and water quality in the Yeongsan Reservoir (YSR), located at the downstream end of the Yeongsan River, Korea. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify factors dominating the seasonal water quality variation from a large suite of measured data--11 physico-chemical parameters from 48 sampling sites. The results showed that three principal components explained approximately 62% of spatio-seasonal water quality variation, which are related to stratifications, pollutant loadings and resultant eutrophication, and the advective mixing process during the episodic rainfall-runoff events. A comparison was then made between YSR and an upstream freshwater reservoir (Damyang Reservoir, DYR) in the same river basin during an autumn season. It was found that the saline stratification and pollutant input from the upstream contributed to greater concentrations of nutrients and organic matter in YSR compared to DYR. In YSR, saline stratification in combination with thermal stratification was a dominant cause of the longer period (for two consecutive seasons) of hypoxic conditions at the reservoir bottom. The results presented here will help better understand the season- and geography-dependent characteristics of reservoir water quality in Asian Monsoon climate regions such as Korea.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of routine water quality monitoring in Miyun reservoir based on geostatistical analysis

This study used geographic information system techniques and geostatistics methods to evaluate the effectiveness of routine water quality monitoring in the western segment of the Miyun reservoir in Beijing. Methodologies as well as the sampling design are evaluated. The single-layer evaluation and three integrated evaluation methods including principal component analysis (PCA), ordinary kriging (OK)_Mean, and Mean_Layers were used to validate the effectiveness of evaluation methods, and the effectiveness of each sampling design was validated by comparing their errors. Results indicated that, while a single-layer evaluation only shows the trophic state of water at a specific level, an integrated evaluation synthetically analyzes and evaluates the trophic state of the entire water body. Furthermore, results of the integrated analysis show that a PCA method is more accurate and can represent the trophic state of the entire water body. The OK_Mean and Mean_Layers methods are only able to represent the mean level for trophic state of the entire water body but cannot reflect local trophic state and distribution details. Although methods used in the routine monitoring of Miyun reservoir have some similarities to the OK_Mean and Mean_Layers methods, their range of errors and uncertainty are greater because of a lack of detailed spatial continuous information. The analysis on the number of sampling points shows that, within a certain range of error, minor changes of sampling points will have no obvious impact on the monitoring results. For the routine monitoring of western Miyun reservoir, using only three to five sampling points for monitoring is inadequate. According to our analysis, it is more appropriate to use at least ten sampling points for monitoring these areas.