云南推行一湖一条例

云南省9大高原湖泊（滇池、抚仙湖、洱海、阳宗海、异龙湖、杞麓湖、星云湖、泸沽湖、程海）水污染综合防治工作一直是云南环保工作的重中之重，9大高原湖泊水环境的好坏也是云南生态环境的重要标志。云南省人大在原“一湖一条例”的基础上，先后修订颁布了抚仙湖、星云湖、杞麓湖、程海保护条例，目前滇池保护条例也正在制订中。     

柴窝堡湖营养状态和限制因子分析及富营养化防治对策

应用柴窝堡湖2005—2009年的监测数据,对其水质进行评价,并用综合营养状态指数法分析了湖库总体富营养化水平,利用水质N／P比值和叶绿素a的相关分析,探讨了湖库富营养化的限制因子,并对改善水质提出了几点建议。     

柴窝堡湖富营养化水平评价

分析了乌鲁木齐市柴窝堡湖水系的近期状况,并采用综合营养状态指数法评价了湖水富营养化的程度,对改善其水质提出了几点建议。     

宁波市主要湖库浮游藻类调查及营养状态研究

对宁波市11个湖库水质进行了调研,包括浮游藻类和理化指标。从浮游藻类的生物量、优势种以及藻类群落组成等指标评价了水质;还用修正的营养状态指数法评价了水质。结果表明,部分湖库已经出现富营养化。用浮游藻类评价与修正的营养状态指数法评价这些湖库,结果不完全一致,对此做了原因分析。同时提出防止湖库受污染的几点建议。     

广西坡豪湖水体水质及营养状态分析

通过2017年1月-2018年7月在坡豪湖布设11个采样点,监测TN、TP等8项水质指标,并运用综合水质标识指数法、综合营养指数法分析该湖的综合水质级别及营养状态。结果表明:坡豪湖综合水质标识指数为2.610,综合水质评价级别为Ⅱ类,总体水质良好。坡豪湖综合营养指数为44.90,为中营养状态,坡豪湖营养状态程度受限于TP的积累程度。     

石河子蘑菇湖水库富营养化成因及防治对策

15年来，蘑菇湖水库一直处于富营养化状态，但污染物排放总量没有随着城市经济与人口的增加而成比例增加，相对污染物进库勘晓少。本文主要从水质状况、底泥、水生生物三方面入手，分析了蘑菇湖水库富营养化的成因，阐述水体富营养防治对策的同时。提出了蘑菇湖水库治理的建议。     

大通湖生态修复前后水体浮游植物调查及富营养化评价

2016—2021年夏秋季期间在大通湖布设18个采样点，对大通湖浮游植物及水体理化指标采样分析，并应用综合营养指数对其水质富营养状态进行评价。结果表明，调查期间大通湖浮游植物共鉴定出6门71属，以蓝藻门和绿藻门为主。生态修复后大通湖浮游植物细胞数和Chl a质量浓度呈显著上升趋势，2020年达峰值，分别为7.20×107 个/L和12.56μg/L。蓝藻门的优势地位逐渐加强，2016—2021年蓝藻门占比由42.8%增长至85.5%，其中微囊藻和长孢藻占据绝对优势地位。大通湖水质营养状态在沉水植物修复后2019年由轻度富营养短暂降为中营养水平，由于2019年冬季沉水植物消亡及次年未复苏，2020年又反弹为中度富营养状态。     

2016-2020年珠海市金湾区集中式饮用水水源地环境质量变化特征

根据2016—2020年珠海市金湾区集中式饮用水水源地的监测数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和综合营养状态指数法对金湾区黄绿背水库、爱国水库和木头冲水库环境质量变化趋势及特征进行分析评价。结果表明,2016年3个水库的综合污染指数最高,水质最差,超标因子为总磷,除了2016年黄绿背水库超出《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类标准外,其他年份和其他水库水质均达相应水功能区标准; 2016—2020年3个水库水质总体呈好转趋势,但改善趋势不显著,影响水质的主要因子为溶解氧、总磷、化学需氧量和五日生化需氧量; 3个水库水质的综合营养状态指数在10～24范围内,均处于贫营养状态,未呈现富营养化。     

太湖饮用水源地金墅港、渔洋山水质综合评价

采用BP神经网络、内梅罗指数和综合营养状态指数评价了太湖金墅港、渔洋山饮用水源地水质及综合营养状态。结果表明,2012年金墅港和渔洋山的水质基本达到国家Ⅱ类水要求,其水质均处于中营养状态(31.43~47.66),不同水期对水源地营养状态影响较大,丰水期水质综合营养状态指数最低,且变化较小。渔洋山的年均富营养化状况(42.08)比金墅港(40.62)略重。     

淀山湖富营养化驱动力初探

通过2015—2019年在淀山湖布设5个采样点,监测总氮、总磷等12项水质指标,运用综合营养状态指数法和潜在性富营养化评价法对该水域富营养化水平进行分析,采用主成分分析法初步确定影响该水域富营养化水平的主要驱动因子。结果表明：监测期间淀山湖水质因子时空分布差异显著。综合营养状态指数法评价结果表明,淀山湖富营养化在轻—中度富营养化水平,并且季节变化规律明显;潜在性富营养化法评价结果表明,监测期间淀山湖以磷限制潜在性富营养为主。驱动因子分析表明硝酸盐氮是该水域富营养化最主要的驱动因子。     

综合遥感与地面观测的巢湖水体富营养化评价

提出一种将地面观测数据空间插值与遥感反演结合的湖泊富营养化评价方法与业务化运行模式。对叶绿素a等可反演参数利用遥感影像反演,并利用实测值校正获得高精度反演结果;对总磷等不易反演参数采用空间插值获取全湖区数据,采用综合营养指数法对巢湖富营养化状态进行反演,获得2015年5月12日巢湖富营养化状态空间分布情况。结果表明,巢湖全湖为轻度和中度富营养化状态,呈现出西半湖高于东半湖的总体空间分布趋势。结合相关数据对巢湖富营养化成因进行推断,认为南淝河等上游河流各类营养物质输入量较大是造成西半湖北部富营养化严重的主要成因;西南部杭埠河等河流氮磷输入量较大,但其他营养物质输入较少,使得该区域总体呈现出富营养化程度偏低的现象。     

The trophic status of Suwałki Landscape Park lakes based on selected parameters (NE Poland)

This study describes changes in the trophic status of 12 lakes within Suwa?ki Landscape Park (SLP). All of the trophic classifications of the lakes were based on the trophic continuum division. Trophic status was determined by means of multiparameter indices using several diverse criteria. In this study, the assessment of the trophic status of lakes included water quality; abundance and biomass of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton; and primary production of phytoplankton. The Carlson trophic state index (TSI) describes the level of water fertility and indicated the dominance of moderately eutrophic waters. Lakes Perty, Jeglówek, and Hańcza have a trophic status that indicates mesotrophy (TSI <50). The trophic status of the studied lakes was determined based on the bacterial abundance and clearly showed a lack of oligotrophic lakes in SLP. Based on the number of bacteria, only Lake Szurpi?y can be classified as β-mesotrophic, whereas Lake Linówek can be characterized as hypertrophic with some features typical for humic waters. The greatest value of gross primary production was observed in Lake Linówek (126.4 mg C/m³/h). The phytoplankton trophy index varied from 1.59 to 2.28, and its highest value, which indicated eutrophy, was determined for Lake Udziejek. In the case of Lakes Hańcza, Szurpi?y, Perty, Jeglówek, and Kojle, the index ranged from 1.25 to 1.74, which indicated mesotrophy. The majority of the lakes were classified as mesoeutrophic (1.75–2.24). The highest trophic status was assessed for lakes with a marked dominance of cyanobacteria (Lake Przechodnie, Lake Krajwelek, Lake Udziejek, and Lake Pogorza?ek), which is commonly recognized as an indicator of high trophic status. Considering all of the indices of trophic status, the analysis of rotifer community structure indicates that the studied group of lakes is mesoeutrophic or eutrophic. The values of crustacean zooplankton indices indicated that the trophic status of the studied lakes was close to that determined using a TSI. The parameters of zooplankton abundance and species structure allowed for the observance of changes in the tropic levels of lakes, which are difficult to detect by a chemical assay alone.     

基于灰色聚类方法的湖泊营养状态综合评价

将湖泊水体的营养状态看作一个灰色系统，建立用于识别湖泊营养状态属性的灰色聚类综合评价模型，将水质级别作为一个灰类，水质状态作为灰色变量，根据灰色白化权函数聚类方法来确定水体营养状况归类。以太湖为例，基于分布全湖的20个监测点数据，运用灰色聚类法对其进行富营养状态综合评价，结果表明，监测时段太湖大部分水体基本处于中营养水平，局部湖面达到中度富营养状态，客观地反映了太湖湖区水体营养状况。     

东钱湖浮游生物调查以及水质生态学评价

浮游生物的群落组成、细胞密度、优势种群等与水体的营养程度密切相关,是水质污染及营养水平的重要标志.为了了解东钱湖的水质状况,于2007年3月、7月和11月对该湖泊的水质和浮游生物分布进行了调查.结果表明,东钱湖综合营养状态指数(TIL)在38～55之间,属于中～富营养化水平.浮游植物密度为4.65×104～6.07×106个/升,7月大于3月和11月.浮游植物以蓝藻为主,主要优势种为小席藻,螺旋藻等富营养化指示种.从多样性指数和均匀性指数分析来看,东钱湖水质属于中度～重度污染,这与采用相关加权综合营养状态指数法的评价结果一致.浮游动物密度为44～333个/升,3月份主要优势种为长肢多肢轮虫和壶状臂尾轮虫,7月份优势种群为晶囊轮虫和角突臂尾轮虫,这几种轮虫为富营养化指示种.     

Trophic state index of a lake system using IRS (P6-LISS III) satellite imagery

Water pollution has now become a major threat to the existence of living beings and water quality monitoring is an effective step towards the restoration of water quality. Lakes are versatile ecosystems and their eutrophication is a serious problem. Carlson Trophic State Index (CTSI) provides an insight into the trophic condition of a lake. CTSI has been modified for the study area and is used in this study. Satellite imagery analysis now plays a prominent role in the quick assessment of water quality in a vast area. This study is an attempt to assess the trophic state index based on secchi disk depth and chlorophyll a of a lake system (Akkulam?CVeli lake, Kerala, India) using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) P6 LISS III imagery. Field data were collected on the date of the overpass of the satellite. Multiple regression equation is found to yield superior results than the simple regression equations using spectral ratios and radiance from the individual bands, for the prediction of trophic state index from satellite imagery. The trophic state index based on secchi disk depth, derived from the satellite imagery, provides an accurate prediction of the trophic status of the lake. IRS P6-LISS III imagery can be effectively used for the assessment of the trophic condition of a lake system.     

Eutrophication Prediction Using a Markov Chain Model: Application to Lakes in the Yangtze River Basin,China

Lake eutrophication is harmful and difficult to predict due to its complex evolution. As an alternative to existing mechanistic models, a Markov chain model was developed to predict the development of lake eutrophication based on an 11-year dataset in 41 lakes of the Yangtze River Basin. This model was validated using a real-time update strategy and was demonstrated to be reliable. Based on the dataset, the lake eutrophication dynamics from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed. Lakes with different trophic states from 2011 to 2050 and their responses to different water management practices were simulated based on the developed model. The simulation results show that lake eutrophication would worsen from 2011 to 2040; however, eutrophication could be significantly alleviated by changing 100 km² of hypereutrophic lakes into eutrophic lakes per year from 2010 to 2020. The nutrient conditions in most of the lakes in the Yangtze River Basin show that phosphorus control would be more efficient than nitrogen control in eutrophication management practices. This case study demonstrates the utility of Markov chain models in using prior information to predict the long-term evolution of lake eutrophication at large spatial scales. The Markov chain technique can be easily adapted to predict evolutionary processes in other disciplines.     

Assessment of the trophic status of four coastal lagoons and one estuarine delta, eastern Brazil

Anthropogenic eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems continues to be one of the major environmental issues worldwide and also of Brazil. Over the last five decades, several approaches have been proposed to discern the trophic state and the natural and cultural processes involved in eutrophication, including the multi-parameter Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) index model. This study applies ASSETS to four Brazilian lagoons (Mundaú, Manguaba, Guarapina, and Piratininga) and one estuarine delta (Paraíba do Sul River), set along the eastern Brazilian coast. The model combines three indices based on the pressure–state–response (PSR) approach to rank the trophic status and forecast the potential eutrophication of a system, to which a final ASSETS grade is established. The lagoons were classified as being eutrophic and highly susceptible to eutrophication, due primarily to their longer residence times but also their high nutrient input index. ASSETS classified the estuary of the Paraíba do Sul river with a low to moderate trophic state (e.g., largely mesotrophic) and low susceptibility to eutrophication. Its nutrient input index was high, but the natural high dilution and flushing potential driven by river flow mitigated the susceptibility to eutrophication. Eutrophication forecasting provided more favorable trends for the Mundaú and Manguaba lagoons and the Paraíba do Sul estuary, in view of the larger investments in wastewater treatment and remediation plans. The final ASSETS ranking system established the lagoons of Mundaú as “moderate,” Manguaba as “bad,” Guarapina as “poor,” and Piratininga as “bad,” whereas the Paraíba do Sul River Estuary was “good.”