山西省主要燃煤电厂粉煤灰和煤矿矸石中放射性水平

煤炭是我国的主要能源,山西煤炭能源基地又居我国之首。随着我国煤炭工业的发展以及大量坑口电厂的建设,煤炭开采中排出的矸石和燃煤电厂排出的粉煤灰越来越多,因此开展对它们的综合利用,已受到极大重视。但是,无论是煤矸石还是粉煤灰都含有天然放射性元素,测定其放射性活性水平,对进一步开展综合利用,保护环境都是十分重要的。 样品采集与测定方法 按照电厂煤灰去向,每一电厂都分别采集了除尘器前、除尘器后和冲入灰场的湿灰,还采集了炉膛下的炉渣和经过磨细的原煤。由于各电厂用煤的产地不同,我们还相应地采集了     

昆山冬季一次持续性雾霾天气生消过程分析

选取2016年12月昆山地区出现的1次持续性雾霾天气，对其雾、霾交替过程中所表现的阶段性特征和差异性进行了分析。结果表明:（1）不同程度的雾霾持续约5d，受北方污染气团入侵及冷空气、湿度等条件影响，雾、霾轮流交替出现。（2）与能见度呈现正相关的气象因素有气压和风速；呈现负相关的有相对湿度和露点温度；气温与能见度相关性不明显。（3）颗粒物浓度变化大致可分为前、后2个阶段，当相对湿度增大到接近饱和时，颗粒物并不能无限地吸湿增大，此时颗粒物浓度对能见度的影响可能已不是主要因素。（4）气团后向轨迹分析表明，前期污染物主要来自山西、河南一带，第2次污染气团主要来自西北方向。     

大气例行监测数据分布的正态性检验研究

大气例行监测数据分布的正态性检验研究武仁英，姚启（山西太原市环境监测站，太原０３０００２）文章以六项《规范》中的必测和选测项目为研究内容，从布点→样品采集、运输和保管→实验室分析→数据处理等监测全过程进行严格的ＱＡ／ＱＣ，确保监测数据的代表性、可比性...     

山西省大气污染特征及对公众健康的空间影响

利用山西省11个地级市大气环境监测站的PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃浓度数据,分析了2015—2020年山西省PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃浓度时空变化特征,采用空间计量模型和岭回归方法,分析了空气污染对公众健康的空间影响。结果表明:PM_2.5和PM₁₀年均质量浓度总体下降,两者在2017年最高,2020年最低;O₃年均浓度总体增加。在季节尺度上,PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度在冬季的12月和1月最高,夏季的8月最低;O₃浓度在6月最高。空间上,相较2015年,2020年山西省各地级市PM_2.5污染程度均有改善,其中长治改善效果最好;2020年山西各地级市PM₁₀污染兼有加重和减轻的情形,所有地级市PM_2.5和PM₁₀污染水平均超过国家二级污染浓度限值;2020年山西多数地级市O₃浓度升高。山西公众健康水平具有明显的空间离散特征,PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度的局部空间自相关特征高度一致,呈现"南高北低"的格局,O₃浓度分布呈"南部高,中北部低"的格局。大气环境质量和经济发展水平均对医疗机构诊疗人数和健康体检人数的变化有正向影响,每万人卫生技术人员数量和公共财政支出比例对公众健康均有负向影响,其中经济发展水平和大气环境质量的影响最显著。山西省PM_2.5治理取得一定成效,但大部分城市PM_2.5和PM₁₀达标率较低,O₃浓度有持续升高的趋势,PM₁₀和O₃污染改善缓慢,深度减排仍面临挑战。PM_2.5和PM₁₀是危害山西公众健康的主要大气污染物,未来需要加强PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃的精细化管理及协同治理。     

锅炉烟尘排放浓度与过量空气系数的关系

锅炉烟尘排放浓度与过量空气系数的关系靳书月（山西阳泉市环境保护监测站０４５０００）锅炉烟尘排放浓度与过量空气系数关系非常密切。国家在《ＧＢ１３２７１－９１锅炉大气污染物排放标准》和《ＧＢ５４６８－９１锅炉烟尘测试方法》修定中，再次肯定了过量空气系数的...     

催化快速法和标准回流法测定废水中COD的对比研究和应用

催化快速法和标准回流法测定废水中ＣＯＤ的对比研究和应用武仁英刘士俊高继珍（山西太原市环境监测站，太原０３０００２）催化快速法除低浓度水平（１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）Ｓｔ大于相对浓度的５％（但仍小于检出限），其余均为ＲＳＤ＜５％，精密度较高；标样测定值相对误差０...     

基于多星遥感影像的太湖北部湖湾春季沉水植被分布动态监测

利用多星遥感影像动态监测了2015年春季太湖北部湖湾沉水植被分布的变化过程,并对水生植被遥感监测中的几个关键问题展开了探讨。决策树方法获取的水生植被分布结果表明,2015年4月28日太湖北部湖湾发现明显沉水植被分布面积约11.2 km~2,与2014年同期相比,新出现的较大面积沉水植被分布区域主要集中在田鸡山西和锡东水厂附近。提出应及时清理打捞,避免水生植被死亡腐烂,威胁水质安全。     

黄河流域水质和工业污染源研究

为科学评价黄河流域的水质状况及工业企业污染源现状,根据黄河流域2018—2019年地表水和饮用水水源地水质监测数据,建立了综合反映流域水环境质量和可定量分析排名的城市水质指数;利用大数据技术分析工业企业水污染物排放数据,研究建立了企业环境信用动态评价体系。研究结果表明:2018—2019年,黄河流域城市水环境质量得到一定程度的改善,城市地表水环境质量优和良等级数量从17个增加到19个,饮用水水源地优等级城市数量从7个增加到11个;但黄河流域中游地区水污染问题较为严重,需要重点加强水污染控制。水质污染主要以点源工业污染为主,COD和氨氮排放量较多,COD和氨氮年日均排放浓度平均值分别为51.1、3.1 mg/L,工业废水处理率偏低;山西、陕西、河南等"高"风险企业数量较多,分别达到3 047、1 630、1 442家。建议加强黄河流域上下游、左右岸、干支流协同配合,加大水污染防治工作的深度和力度。     

轻稳定同位素环境检测样品的采集和前处理方法

稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于环境领域的鉴定、溯源、CN循环、反应机理等研究,检测样品的采集和前处理方法会直接影响研究结论。综述了目前在环境样品自然丰度的轻稳定同位素研究中,已被认可的样品采集和前处理方法的应用与进展,包括气体及其颗粒物样品、植物样品、沉积物样品、土壤样品、水样、生物样品和地质样品,为进一步提高数据的准确性、可靠性和多样性提供技术支持。     

五台山区土壤中铬元素的背景值及其影响因素

五台山区土壤中铬元素的背景值及其影响因素樊文华张敏庄王镔（山西农业大学土化系，太谷０３０８０１）①五台山土壤中铬元素背景值范围为４０８４１２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，平均含量为２１５８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，低于我国土壤的平均水平。②铬元素在土壤剖面中的分布有均匀型...     

改善山西大气污染现状的对策措施初探

以山西省大气环境质量和污染现状为基础,深入分析了污染成因及其影响,并以此提出了进一步改善山西省大气环境质量,控制大气污染的技术、经济、管理等方面的对策措施。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.     

化工园区环境风险源监控平台设计研究

采用NET框架,以ArcGIS为平台核心,应用数据库SQL Server对化工园区环境风险源进行监控系统设计,并针对化工园区进行功能和数据库设计,构建了化工园区环境风险源监控平台,为化工园区环境风险源提出了有效的管理方法。     

加强政府引导力度,积极培育环保产业市场

针对市场经济条件下环保产业面临的挑战，具有阐述了环保产业市场化的作用和政府在这一过程中不可替代的功能。并据此提出了政府加强培育、引导、规范环保产业市场的措施，以促进环保产业的尽快发展。     

Application of data envelopment analysis in environmental impact assessment of a coal washing plant: A new sustainable approach

The main problem of traditional methods of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is that in most of the existing algorithms and methods, such as Leopold, Folchi and RIAM, the main attention is to the destructive effects of the proposed plan, and the advantages of the industrial project are less noticeable. This has led to a permanent challenge between environmental organizations and industrial stakeholders. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a new approach of assessing the industrial units. Besides, it considers the positive economic and social impacts of the project and provides a comprehensive assessment of the industrial unit. With this approach, the environmental impacts of an industrial unit have been considered as “inputs” and its positive economic and social impacts considered as the “outputs” of the DEA models. Therefore, the problem of impact assessment changes into a DEA model. In the present study, the Alborz Sharghi Coal washing plant in northern Iran has been considered as a case study for implementing the DEA-EIA approach, and 19 plant activities and 11 environmental components have been used to evaluate the environmental effects of the plant. To solve the EIA problem, two commonly used DEA approaches, called CRS (constant returns to scale) and VRS (variable returns to scale), have been used. The DEA results identified the critical environmental components of the plant that should be considered seriously. Also, drawing the “potential improvement” diagram in the DEA method is an effective tool for determining the high risk activities of the factory and applying them in development plans. Besides, using the VRS model with maximize-output approach showed that some of the plant activities had the most differences with optimal mode and these components should be considered in future development plans. Finally, it can be concluded that, assessing the environmental impacts of the mineral industries with VRS maximize-output approach, is closer to the concept of sustainable development and cost-benefit analysis.     

工业园区水污染源精细化管控系统的应用

针对工业园区污水排放监管问题,以北京某园区为例,提出了水污染源精细化管控方案。按照多级防控的思路,在企业级、管网级、园区级建成在线监测系统和精细化管控平台,实现园区水环境监管的全覆盖,有效监控企业排污动态,实时掌握园区污水排放状况,为企业、园区管理部门和环保管理部门提供决策支持。     

生物监测技术在工业废水监测领域的应用研究

生物监测可以系统反映污染物对生物生长的影响及其在生物体内的转化和迁移,在水环境监测与生态健康管理中的重要性日益突出。伴随着工业化的快速发展,中国水环境污染问题依然严峻,工业废水治理和排放问题仍旧突出。为进一步保障工业废水出水及受纳水体水质安全,迫切需要在工业废水监测中引入生物监测技术。对传统微生物群落监测法、水生生物毒性监测法和基于分子生物学技术的微生群落监测法等在工业废水监测领域的研究及应用进行了综述,并对存在的问题进行了总结。建议后续进一步完善工业废水生物监测体系时,参考国外成熟经验,制定出符合国内需求及特征的工业废水生物监测方法与评价标准,以便更好地掌握工业区整体环境健康及污染状况。     

The impact of government preferences and environmental regulations on green development of China's marine economy

Green development is the fundamental way for high-quality development of marine economy. Achievement of green development goals of marine economy depends on the local government's decision-making preferences and reasonable marine-related environmental regulatory instruments. Based on 2007–2016 panel data of China's coastal provinces, this paper adopts the differential GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model) model to empirically analyze the impact of government preferences and environmental regulations on green development of marine economy. The results indicate that: lag exists in the promotion of environmental regulation on green development of marine economy.The impact of government preferences varies, in which, industrial preferences have a negative effect on green development of marine economy,while environmental preferences have a positive effect.The joint action of industrial preference and environmental preference inhibits green development of marine economy, while that of environmental preference and environmental regulation plays a promotion role. Different government preferences indicate different impacts in different regions. Environmental preference promotes the green development of marine economy in the Bohai Bay region, while industrial preference suppresses it. Both industrial preference and environmental preference in the Yangtze River Delta region have promotion effect, while only environmental preference in the Pan-Pearl River Delta region does so. Therefore, the government should establish a more complete official examination system, improve the marine environmental regulation system, and formulate differentiated green development policies for marine economy.     

山西省污染源自动监控系统的设计与实现

山西省重点污染源自动监控系统是集环境监测、监视和控制于一体的污染源自动监控系统,解决了传统污染源监控系统"只监不控"、"只监结果不监过程"的问题。介绍了该系统的组成、功能及技术特点,并于2010年3月通过该系统对超标排放企业远程监控的实施情况进行了分析。结果表明,该系统能够有效对监控企业进行实时监测,并对污染超标企业进行远程控制和警示,从而有效提高了环境监管水平和执法效率,加强了防止和应对突发性重大环境污染事故的能力。