室内空气中的气态多环芳烃的被动采样监测

利用自制被动采样装置,在2011年秋冬季对南京市部分地区室内空气中5种气态多环芳烃(PAHs)(萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲)进行了为期100d的连续采样检测,被动采样器的采样速率为0.012m3/d,5种PAHs的回收率在63%～105%之间,方法检出限在1.1～2.4ng范围内。结果表明,南京市5处不同室内环境空气中萘的浓度最高,占总量的90%以上。室内环境空气中5种PAHs的总浓度为230～1564ng/m3。住宅内人体对5种PAHs的暴露速率为479～560ng/h。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定空气中四乙基铅

采用一氯化碘的盐酸溶液吸收光谱法和三氯甲烷萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定空气中四乙基铅,优化了试验条件。此方法对测定空气中四乙基铅的灵敏度、准确度都有很大的提高,方法的最低检出浓度为0.70μg/L,当采样体积为60 L,四乙基铅最低检出浓度为0.000 1 mg/m3。对实际样品进行分析,四乙基铅的加标回收率为89.1%~105.9%。     

焚烧源二噁英连续采样技术与运行评价

将研发的二噁英连续采样装置与G4型常规烟道气等速采样器同步采样,通过示范运行,考察该连续采样装置的长期采样性能。试验表明,2种采样设备同步采集的样品具有一致性,其二噁英指纹、二噁英浓度和毒性当量相符合。1周的示范运行连续采样试验表明,该连续采样装置中的二噁英捕集材料未发生穿透。1个月的连续采样实测表明,连续采样测定中烟道气排放二噁英毒性当量浓度(以I-TEQ计)为35.0 pg/m3(标况下),采样回收率为71.2%。     

海水中总氮的测定方法比较研究

通过标准曲线、检出限和测定范围、方法精密度、方法准确度、实际海水样品测定结果、加标回收率、分析效率和物料消耗这几方面比较了过硫酸钾氧化法、流动注射分析法和高温氧化-化学发光检测法这3种测定海水中总氮(TN)方法的优缺点。结果表明,流动注射分析法和高温氧化-化学发光检测法的测定范围更宽,精密度、准确度更好,3种样品的加标回收率达到96.2%~101%;高温氧化-化学发光检测法分析效率高、物料消耗少、节能环保,适用于一般海水样品的批量分析,且由于测定范围大,该法也适用于TN浓度较高的海水样品的批量分析,流动注射分析法因其较低的检出限更适用于TN浓度较低的海水样品的批量分析。     

XAD-7吸附-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中乙二醇

采用离子交换树脂XAD-7吸附-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中乙二醇,结果表明,该方法在0 mg/L~1 116 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.88 mg/L,当采样体积为7.5 L时,最低检出质量浓度为0.11 mg/m3。乙二醇标准溶液测定结果的RSD为1.3%,空白加标回收率为80.1%~107%,方法的采集效率为98.0%。     

恒压氮气隔断连续流动分析法测定水中化学需氧量

为建立恒压氮气隔断连续流动分析法测定水样化学需氧量的分析方法，将连续流动分析法恒流空气隔断改为恒压氮气隔断，优化试剂配方和反应模块，结果表明：恒压氮气隔断法注入氮气的压力是0.06 MPa,仪器稳定时间是20～35 min,持续分析样品时间大于4 h,指标均优于恒流空气隔断法；标准曲线在2.5～40.0 mg/L范围内，相关系数大于0.999,方法检出限为0.44 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.2%～2.6%,加标回收率在93.8%～103.8%之间，检出限优于恒流空气隔断法，精密度和正确度满足质量控制要求；实样和标样方法比对测定结果相对标准偏差小于5%,结果精密度优于标准的手工法。恒压氮气隔断连续流动分析法适用于大批量低浓度水样化学需氧量的快速检测，对于密度大、黏度大液流恒压氮气隔断具有更好的稳定性、灵敏度和正确度。     

反相高效液相色谱分析空气和废气中己内酰胺的方法研究

研究了反相高效液相色谱分析空气和废气中己内酰胺的方法。该方法以VWD为检测器,检测波长为210nm,流动相为乙腈∶纯水=10∶90,流动相流速为1ml/min。在已选择色谱条件下,连续运行10次,己内酰胺平均出峰时间为4 2min,保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为1 5%和3 5%,采样体积为90L时,检测下限为0 01mg/m3,上限为2 20mg/m3,回收率在105 2%-106 3%。     

快速光度法测定脱硝装置氨逃逸浓度

采用哈希快速光度法测定烟气脱硝装置的氨逃逸浓度,通过优化现场采样时的采样流量、采样枪温度、吸收液浓度和用量,以及选择合适的显色时间,使该方法在0.12 mg/m~3~5.10 mg/m~3范围内精密度与准确度良好,方法检出限为0.03 mg/m~3,2份实际样品6次测定的RSD分别为1.2%和0.1%,氨氮有证标准物质的测定结果在标准值范围内,实际样品2个浓度水平的加标回收率为100%和98.8%。将该方法与国标法同时测定实际样品和标准样品,结果无显著差异。     

新疆某焦化厂硫化氢、二氧化氮与苯系物的检测与分析

通过对某焦化厂生产过程环境空气中,可能含有的影响职工身体健康的危害因素开展了职业卫生调查,提出合理的可预防措施和建议。利用定点采样和个体采样相结合的方法对该焦化厂一期练焦生产作业环境周围及行政办公楼周边空气进行每月连续检测7 d,为期11个月的检测与分析。参照相关的职业卫生标准和规范,针对该焦化厂一期生产作业环境空气中存在的潜在有害因素种类及各项浓度及强度,进行综合分析和评价。现场检测结果表明:炼焦评价单元、行政办公楼、测温区所设定检测点的硫化氢、二氧化氮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度均低于我国职业卫生规定的长时间接触允许浓度的十分之一,合格率为100%,所处的风险等级为1。此工作区域空气中所含有的有毒、有害的化学物质对人体健康带来的风险可以忽略不计。     

“在线”监测仪与排污总量的监测

<环境监测管理与技术>杂志在1999年第1期发表了"监测污染物排放总量的可行性分析"一文.文中主要叙述了两种监测排污总量的方法:其一为对流量及污染物浓度均实现连续监测;其二为对流量实现连续监测而对污染物浓度的测定则是实现对流量的等比例采样,然后在实验室测定某一等比例采样时段的平均浓度.     

硝酸体系微波消解-偏钼酸铵分光光度法测定固废中总磷方法的研究

固体废物经硝酸体系微波消解,其中难溶盐和含磷有机物分解形成正磷酸盐进入溶液,在酸性条件下,正磷酸盐与偏钒酸铵和钼酸铵反应,生成黄色的三元杂多酸,于波长420nm处进行比色测定.样品量为0.5g,定容体积50ml,使用3cm比色皿,方法检出限为1.1mg/kg,测定下限为4.4mg/kg,满足固废总磷的监测要求.     

Solid phase extraction of gold(III) on Amberlite XAD-2000 prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination

A solid phase extraction method for the determination of gold(III) at trace levels by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) was developed. The method was based on retention of gold as chloro complexes through the Amberlite XAD-2000. The effect of some analytical parameters including hydrochloric acid concentration, sample volume, sample and eluent flow rates, eluent volume, eluent concentration and interfering ions on the recovery of gold(III) was investigated. The retention of gold(III) from 1.5 mol l⁻¹ HCl solution and the recovery of gold with 0.07 mol l⁻¹ NH₃ solution were quantitative (≥95%). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated as 3.2% (n = 10). The detection limit for gold was 2 μg l⁻¹. The accuracy was checked with the determination of gold spiked an artificial seawater and a pure copper samples.     

Fast simultaneous determination of traces of Cu(II) and Co(II) in soils and sediments with the luminol/perborate chemiluminescent system

A flow injection analysis method based on ion chromatography and luminol chemiluminescence detection was used for the simultaneous determination of copper (II) and cobalt (II) trace levels in soils and sediments following microwave-assisted acid digestion. Detection was based on chemiluminescence (CL) of the luminol–perborate system in an alkaline medium, which is catalyzed by both transition metals. The concentration and pH of the eluent (oxalic acid) was found to affect CL intensities and retention times, both of which were inversely proportional to the oxalic acid concentration. The calibration curves for both metal ions were linear and allowed a limit of detection of 0.003 μg l^?1 for cobalt (II) and 0.014 μg l^?1 for cooper (II) to be calculated. The proposed method was successfully used to determine both metal ions in certified reference materials of stream and river sediments and soil samples. Based on the results, the determination is free of interferences from the usual concomitant ions.     

微波消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中痕量总磷

总磷是评价河湖地表水富营养程度的重要指标,但现阶段测定总磷常用的钼酸铵分光光度法、流动注射法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法等灵敏度较低,不能满足地表水I类质量标准中对总磷的测定需要.为降低总磷测定方法的检出限,将环境监测实验室常用的微波消解前处理技术和离子色谱的测定方法相结合,优化微波消解和离子色谱条件,方法检出限可达0...     

固定污染源废气中磷酸雾测定方法研究

目前,对固定污染源废气中磷酸雾的检测并无统一的方法,相关含磷污染物的控制指标主要是磷化氢、单质磷以及五氧化二磷。在调研国内外分析方法及相关文献的基础上,通过对几种典型含磷污染源的实样测试,提出了固定污染源废气中磷酸雾的检测方法。结果表明,使用石英滤筒捕集固定污染源废气中的磷酸雾,采样效率可达98%以上。捕集到的总磷酸雾不仅包含磷酸,还包含磷酸盐以及含磷氧化物等,是一项综合指标。该指标能够反映含磷污染物的排放特征,可为未来此类污染物的排放控制提供依据。     

Preconcentration technique for the determination of trace elements in natural water samples by ICP-AES

A procedure was developed for the determination of Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after preconcentration on a morpholine dithiocarbamate (mor-DTC) supported by bagasse (Saccharam aphisinaram). The sorbed elements were subsequently eluted with 4,M HNO₃ and the acid eluates were analysed by ICP–AES. The influence of various parameters such as pH, flow rate of sample, eluent concentration, volume of the sample and volume of eluent were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the present method. A 20,mL disposable syringe served as preconcentration column. Under the optimal conditions Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in aqueous sample was concentrated about 100-fold. The sorption recoveries of elements were higher than 99.6%. The method is also applied for the analysis of natural and spiked water samples.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中拟除虫菊酯和有机磷农药残留

采用直接进样法和萃取浓缩法2种前处理方式,通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对水中20种拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类农药进行了测定,并对仪器条件的选择和前处理条件的优化进行了探讨。结果表明,20种农药的线性关系良好,相关系数均>0.999,直接进样法检出限为0.21~2.47μg/L,回收率为81.0%~119%,相对标准偏差<10%。萃取浓缩法检出限为0.0022~0.0043μg/L,回收率为71.5%~115%,相对标准偏差<15%。该方法简便、快捷,精密度和准确度较高,可满足水中拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类农药的检测要求。     

Solid-phase extraction and separation procedure for trace aluminum in water samples and its determination by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS)

In the present study, a separation/preconcentration procedure for determination of aluminum in water samples has been developed by using a new atomic absorption spectrometer concept with a high-intensity xenon short-arc lamp as continuum radiation source, a high-resolution double-echelle monochromator, and a charge-coupled device array detector. Sample solution pH, sample volume, flow rate of sample solution, volume, and concentration of eluent for solid-phase extraction of Al chelates with 4-[(dicyanomethyl)diazenyl] benzoic acid on polymeric resin (Duolite XAD-761) have been investigated. The adsorbed aluminum on resin was eluted with 5 mL of 2 mol L^-1 HNO₃ and its concentration was determined by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). Under the optimal conditions, limit of detection obtained with HR-CS FAAS and Line Source FAAS (LS-FAAS) were 0.49 μg L^?1 and 3.91 μg L^?1, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was confirmed by analyzing certified materials (NIST SRM 1643e, Trace elements in water) and spiked real samples. The developed procedure was successfully applied to water samples.     

Flow injection online spectrophotometric determination of uranium after preconcentration on XAD-4 resin impregnated with nalidixic acid

In this work, spectrophotometer was used as a detector for the determination of uranium from water, biological, and ore samples with a flow injection system coupled with solid phase extraction. In order to promote the online preconcentration of uranium, a minicolumn packed with XAD-4 resin impregnated with nalidixic acid was utilized. The system operation was based on U(VI) ion retention at pH 6 in the minicolumn at flow rate of 15.2 mL min^?1. The uranium complex was removed from the resin by 0.1 mol dm^?3 HCl at flow rate of 3.2 mL min^?1 and was mixed with arsenazo III solution (0.05 % solution in 0.1 mol dm^?3 HCl, 3.2 mL min^?1) and driven to flow through cell of spectrophotometer where its absorbance was measured at 651 nm. The influence of chemical (pH and HCl (as eluent and reagent medium) concentration) and flow (sample and eluent flow rate and preconcentration time) parameters that could affect the performance of the system as well as the possible interferents was investigated. At the optimum conditions for 60 s preconcentration time (15.2 mL of sample volume), the method presented a detection limit of 1.1 μg L^?1, a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.8 % at 100 μg L^?1, enrichment factor of 30, and a sample throughput of 42 h^?1, whereas for 300 s of the preconcentration time (76 mL of sample volume), a detection limit of 0.22 μg L^?1, a RSD of 1.32 % at 10 μg L^?1, enrichment factor of 150, and a sampling frequency of 11 h^?1 were reported.     

Novel solid-phase extractor based on functionalization of multi-walled carbon nano tubes with 5-aminosalicylic acid for preconcentration of Pb(II) in water samples prior to determination by ICP-OES

New solid-phase extractor (MWCNTs-5-ASA) was synthesized via covalent immobilization of 5-aminsalicylic acid onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNs). The success of the functionalization process was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and surface coverage determination. Batch experiments were conducted as a function of pH to explore MWCNTs-5-ASA efficiency to extract several metal ions viz., Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II). It was found that Pb(II) exhibits the highest extraction percentage with maximum adsorption capacity 32.75 mg g^?1. Its binding performance was well fitted with Langmuir sorption isotherm. On the other hand, the selective separation and preconcentration of trace Pb(II) under dynamic conditions prior to determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was investigated under different parameters. These included the rate of flow and volume of sample solution, in addition to the type of the eluate, its volume and concentration. The effect of a variety of foreign ions on the recovery percentage was also evaluated. Trace Pb(II) ions present in 500 mL aqueous solution adjusted to pH 4.0 were retained on 50 mg of MWCNTs-5-ASA and completely eluted using 4.0 mL of 2 M HNO₃. The limit of detection and the precision of the method were 0.25 ng mL^?1 and 2.8 %, respectively (N?=?5). This methodology has been applied for the determination of Pb(II) in water samples with good results.