毛细管气相色谱法测定水和废水中的丙烯酰胺

本文采用毛细管色谱法建立了水和废水中丙烯酰胺的测定程序。在此,以活性炭柱吸附,浓缩样品中的丙烯酰胺,用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液用ＦＩＤ测定,方法回收率为８３１～９９０％,相对标准偏差为５３４％,检出限为００１６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

活性炭纤维处理腐植酸废水

采用活性碳纤维处理腐植酸模拟废水,通过静态吸附和动态吸附的研究,测定吸附等温线和动态吸附曲线;研究不同温度、不同活性炭纤维、不同pH值和流速对处理效果的影响。     

气相色谱法测定工业废气中的异丙醇

用活性炭吸附管采集吸附工业废气中的异丙醇,经二硫化碳解析后由自动进样器送入气相色谱仪中分离并由FID检测器检测。2 mL二硫化碳解吸溶剂中异丙醇的绝对量为1.57~6.28 mg时,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.4%~7.6%(n=5);当样品采集量为10 L时,方法检出限为0.3 mg/m³。所用活性炭采样管对异丙醇的吸附效果良好,100 mg活性炭对异丙醇的穿透容量大于15 mg;二硫化碳溶剂对吸附在活性炭中的异丙醇解吸效果较好,异丙醇加标量为3.92~15.70 mg时,解吸效率为93.9%~100.5%。     

溶剂萃取法降低测酚空白值

在环境监测中,挥发酚的测定常采用4-氨基安替比林(4—AAP)—氯仿萃取比色法,此法灵敏度高,稳定性好。但由于4—AAP试剂易被氧化,使测酚的空白值较大,以致影响样品的测定。本文提出用氯仿对4—AAP试剂进行萃取来降低测酚空白值,并与用活性炭对4—AAP试剂吸附脱色做了对比,实验结果表明:此方法在许多方面都优于活性炭吸附脱色法。     

红外分光光度法测定石油类中四氯化碳快速精制方法

用红外分光光度法测定样品中石油类时,四氯化碳(CCl4)的纯度对测定结果有影响,必须先提纯CCl4,使其纯度满足方法要求.常用的提纯方法有吸附法、水浴蒸馏法、混合精制法和酸化法,但这些提纯方法成本高,效率低,甚至在提纯过程中还会引入其他杂质,先蒸馏CCl4,再将蒸馏后的CCl4利用活性炭吸附,是精制CCl4的好方法.     

改性活性炭在高色度废水六价铬测定中的应用

通过研究双氧水改性活性炭对染料的吸附能力可知,p H值为8.5~10.5时,改性活性炭可很好地去除色度且不影响六价铬的测定。在测定六价铬时,活性炭用量与废水色度之间呈指数正相关,其工作曲线可用标准曲线代替并满足质控要求。     

改进的还原偶氮光度法同时快速测定水中硝基苯和苯胺

对测定方法进行了改进,建立了用还原-偶氮分光光度法同时快速测定水中硝基苯和苯胺的分析方法。根据实验原理,对样品前处理装置进行了改进,实验步骤得到了简化,避免了样品溶液过滤转移过程造成样品损失,使样品前处理实验效率提高了90%以上;改进后的测定方法不仅可快速测定样品中硝基苯,还可同时测定样品中苯胺;达到了用一种分析方法同时测定样品中两种污染物的目的。方法精密度测定结果,相对标准偏差(n=6,RSD)为1.9%~3.2%;对硝基苯、苯胺混合标准样品以及实际废水样品进行了测定,并与原测定方法及苯胺国标测定方法进行了比对实验;测定结果具有一致性。加标实验回收率为96%~101%,表明方法准确可靠,可用于水和废水中硝基苯或硝基苯和苯胺的同时测定。     

水中可吸附有机氯(AOCl)的测定——离子色谱法

采用自制的燃烧装置,使吸附在活性炭上的有机氯定量地转化为无机氯,经硼砂双氧水溶液吸收,用离子色谱法分离测定。当富集水样的体积为５０～２００ｍｌ时,可测定可吸附有机氯（ＡＯＣｌ）的范围为２８～１０００μｇ／Ｌ。当样品中ＡＯＣｌ含量在１６～６４μｇ时,平均加标回收率大于９０％,相对标准偏差小于１０％。用该方法还可同时测定水中可吸附有机硫。     

微库仑法测定新疆棉浆粕企业废水中可吸附有机卤素AOX

建立微库仑滴定法测定水质中可吸附有机卤素AOX的方法,考察3种活性炭柱对于空白的影响。实验结果表明,AOX的检出限为2.19μg/L,相对标准偏差为2.80%,纯水中高、中、低加标回收率在92.5%~107%,新疆棉浆粕企业废水中加标回收率为96.0%~101%。实验室空白也只有新购开封的耶拿原装活性炭小柱能满足标准要求的空白值(<30μg/L)。     

气相色谱法测定气体样品中丙烯酸甲酯

采用活性炭吸附气体样品中的丙烯酸甲酯,用二硫化碳浸泡解吸30 min后,取上清液进样,用气相色谱法FID检测器测定。方法在0.475 mg/L~38.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,空白活性炭采样管的3个浓度水平加标回收率为94.7%~98.7%,测定结果的RSD为2.7%~4.6%,方法检出限为0.075μg,当采集1.5 L气体样品时,最低检测质量浓度为0.05 mg/m3。以南京化学工业园区常见的15种化合物做干扰试验,结果方法稳定性好,测定不受干扰。用该方法测定南京市某企业周边环境空气,结果上风向和下风向丙烯酸甲酯均未检出。     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害，结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.     

废旧干电池的环境污染防治及回收利用

介绍了各种干电池的基本化学组成，分析了废旧干电池污染环境的主要途径及对人类的危害，并就回收利用问题提出建议。     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

高校危险化学品分类分级管理实践与探索

根据国内危险化学品分类与分级管理现状,结合北京大学实验室危险化学品管理工作实际情况,总结了危险化学品源头管控、过程管理、监督检查等方面的分级分类管理策略与方法,介绍了北京大学在实验室安全教育与培训、技防与物防建设、信息化技术运用、奖惩机制建设方面的经验,以期为提升危险化学品管理水平、消除安全隐患、提高高校实验室安全管理质量提供参考。