陆源有机污染对舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的影响

2009年4月对舟山海域进行了25个站位的底栖生物调查,结合同期进行初级生产力、海水水质等的调查数据,分析了初级生产力、富营养化等环境因子对舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的影响。结果表明,舟山海域大型底栖生物共获得84种,多毛类是主要优势类群。舟山海域大型底栖生物平均生物量为11.62g/m²,平均丰度为208.5个/平方米,多样性指数(H')为1.64。舟山海域大型底栖生物的生物量、丰度和多样性指数均呈现由近岸向外海递增的趋势。应用相关性统计分析表明,舟山海域大型底栖生物的分布与海水化学耗氧量(COD)、无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(DIP)、富营养化指数和底层溶解氧(DO)存在显著负相关;与初级生产力、盐度和透明度存在显著正相关。说明陆源有机污染、盐度、透明度、初级生产力和底层溶解氧是影响舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的主要因素,其中陆源有机污染是最主要的影响因素。     

黄岛电厂温排水对大型底栖生物群落的影响

以黄岛电厂温排水邻近海域为研究对象，2010年9月调查了电厂温排水对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响。在9个站点共采集到大型底栖生物76种，平均生物量5．79 g/m2，平均密度830 m-2。利用Bray-Curtis相似性聚类对各样本大型底栖生物分析得出，调查区域可划分为4个群落。各样点Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2．42～4．25之间，平均指数为3．67，其中靠近温排水区域站位的生物多样性呈现下降的趋势。丰度生物量比较（Abundance/biomass comparison， ABC）曲线分析结果显示，靠近排水口处的大型底栖生物群落受到一定程度的干扰。冗余分析（ RDA）结果表明，水温是影响底栖生物群落变化的最主要因子，对调查区域大型底栖生物群落变化的解释量达到60．5％，影响范围为排水口附近温升在3℃以上的区域。     

舟山群岛夏季潮间带大型底栖生物群落生态学研究

为了解舟山群岛潮间带大型底栖生物生态环境质量的现状,2009年7月对舟山群岛潮间带7个断面进行了大型底栖生物的分类、组成、栖息密度、生物量、多样性及群落稳定性等的研究。结果表明,该调查共鉴定大型底栖生物103种,软体动物、甲壳动物和多毛类构成主要类群。生物量平均值为96.19 g/m2,栖息密度平均值为223.1个/m2,多样性指数平均值为2.14。根据相似性系数聚类分析可将舟山群岛的潮间带各潮区分为2个组群。底质和潮汐是影响潮间带大型底栖生物群落结构的主要因子。嵊泗断面潮间带群落稳定性良好,其他断面的潮间带生物群落受到中度程度的污染或扰动,群落结构不稳定。总体上,舟山群岛潮间带大型底栖生物的种类相对贫乏,群落结构简单,多样性指数较低,生态环境质量较差。     

海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物多样性研究

2015年10月和11月调查了海州湾潮间带A、B 2个断面的大型底栖动物,共发现大型底栖动物29种,其中A断面发现19种,B断面23种;潮间带大型底栖动物的总平均丰度为1 790 m~(-2),总平均生物量185.11 g/m~2。A、B 2断面的丰度生物量差异较大,主要是由于2个断面底质类型不同造成的。潮间带Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值为2.90,波动为2.44~3.45,其沉积物环境存在轻度有机质污染。     

连云港市泥砂质潮间带大型底栖动物群落调查

于2013年9月对连云港市某泥砂质潮间带3个站位的大型底栖动物进行调查,结果表明,有大型底栖动物57种,其中多毛类23种,甲壳类18种,软体动物10种,其他类群6种。该潮间带大型底栖动物的总平均丰度为2 119.1 m-2,总平均生物量为66.34 g/m2,其中光滑狭口螺(Stenothyra glabar)在高潮带的丰度高达3 082.7 m-2,整个潮间带丰度呈现由高潮带向低潮带逐渐降低的趋势。潮间带Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值3.26;整个调查潮间带的沉积物环境较清洁。     

2015—2018年海州湾及邻近海域浮游植物群落结构特征

根据2015—2018年春、夏季海州湾及邻近海域8个航次的调查资料,对该海域浮游植物种类组成、优势种、丰度及多样性进行了调查,应用相关性分析和典范对应分析(CCA)研究了环境因子对海州湾浮游植物群落结构的影响,共发现浮游植物96种,其中硅藻80种。中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)在各航次均是第一优势种。调查海域浮游植物丰度为4.20×103~7952.00×103个/L,平均值为504.54×103个/L。平均Shannon-Wiener(H’)多样性指数为2.66,2018年夏季航次最低仅1.52,2015年春季航次最高为3.73。多样性基本呈春季高夏季低的趋势。Pearson相关性分析显示,水温、活性磷酸盐及化学需氧量与浮游植物群落结构关系密切。典范对应分析则表明,海州湾春季优势物种主要受水温、溶解氧和盐度的影响,而夏季则受多种因子的综合影响。近年来海州湾浮游植物多样性整体呈缓慢下降趋势可能受紫菜大规模养殖的影响。     

南海油田开发环境影响实例分析

陆丰22-1是中国第一个正式弃置的海上油田,处于南海330m深水区.分析开发前期、中期及末期油田附近海域表层海水、表层沉积物和底栖甲壳类体内石油烃含量数据,结果表明油田附近海域环境质量较好,油田开发对环境的主要污染影响是表层海水和底栖生物体内石油类污染物质含量有所升高,尚未见生活污水和食品废弃物的排放对环境造成影响的迹...     

浙江北部海域春季浮游动物的群落结构研究

根据2007年春季在浙江北部海域所采集的浮游动物样品,对该调查海域浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量和生物多样性进行了探讨,采用多元统计软件PRIMER 5分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构。研究结果表明,调查海域共鉴定各类浮游动物62种、浮游幼虫12种,合计74种。经统计共有2种优势种,分别是中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)。浮游动物生物量和丰度的平面分布比较相似,主要分布在调查海域的东部和东南部,并存在着向东南方向呈递增的趋势,而在杭州湾内的值比较小。调查海域浮游动物生物多样性比较低,平均值为1.54。根据对本次调查获得的浮游动物群落结构的聚类分析,主要存在着两个生态类群,群落Ⅰ为沿岸低盐群落,群落Ⅱ为暖温带近海群落。     

2019年连云港近岸海域水质环境分析与综合评价

于2019年春、夏、秋季对连云港近岸海域海水中营养盐、重金属等共19项指标进行3个航次采样监测。依照海水水质评价标准统计分析站点达标率,采用有机污染物指数法和富营养化指数法,对调查海域海水有机污染、营养水平等进行综合评价。结果表明:2019年连云港市海域站位全年达标率为86.4%,达标面积为6543 km²,占管辖海域面积的98.0%,水质质量较往年有所好转,主要超标物为无机氮、活性磷酸盐。调查海域海水的有机污染和富营养化程度均处于良好状况,近岸海水水质总体上要劣于远岸水质,且随季节的更替呈现波动性变化。     

烟台港港池水质状况调查及评价

根据2012—2016年烟台港港池水质监测结果,运用单因子指数法、Cox-Stuart检验方法及Pearson相关分析探讨港池水质污染程度、水质变化趋势及各监测项目间的相关关系。结果表明:港池海域水质总体良好,各监测项目的单因子污染指数呈现逐年下降趋势,且下降趋势均有统计学意义(P=0.05),COD与DO、活性磷酸盐、Cu呈显著正相关。5年中pH值、COD、DO、石油类、重金属(Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb)未见超标现象,活性磷酸盐和无机氮存在不同程度的超标,为该海域主要污染因子,有引发海域赤潮的潜在生态风险。     

2012—2017年海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及变化

为了解海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构，分析人类养殖活动对其影响，于2012-2017年对该区域大型底栖动物进行调查。结果表明：6年间共发现120种大型底栖动物，依据种类组成进行聚类分析可分为4组；调查中总平均丰度为3 495.9 ind./m²，范围为506.7~17 864.0 ind./m²；总平均生物量为197.26 g/m²，范围为1.58~489.17 g/m²。光滑河蓝蛤（Potamocorbula laevis）为第一优势种，其繁殖盛期在每年9-10月。调查期间生物多样性整体呈下降趋势，人类的养殖活动主导着海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构的变化。     

Macrobenthic Monitoring in the Lower St. Johns River, Florida

The macrobenthos in the oligohaline 132 km reach of the Lower St. Johns River, Florida, is an unusual blend of freshwater and marine organisms within the annelid, mollusk, aquatic insect, and crustacean groups. During 1993–1994, the community composition was freshwater-oriented in the 47 km (seg I) and estuarine-dominated in the lower 85 km (seg II). Of the total 146 taxa collected, 89% were euryecious 'eutrophic' and 'pollution-tolerant' organisms. Densities ranged between 5000 and 20 000 individuals/m² ann av and maximum densities (85 000 individuals/m²) occurred in the muck substrate at the confluence of major tributaries and embayments. Throughout the lake-like seg II, benthic hypoxia existed during much of summer through fall. Biotic index values for grab, artificial substrate, and sled trawl samples reflected greatest stresses to the macrobenthos then. Both low taxonomic diversity and densities of organisms at the most downriver stations nearest the port of Jacksonville indicated that toxic substances also adversely affected the macrobenthos. Maintenance of the narrow band of littoral submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and adjacent shoreline riparian vegetation is important to sustain macrobenthic communities and other kinds of aquatic life in the river.     

Variation of phytoplankton assemblages of Kongsfjorden in early autumn 2012: a microscopic and pigment ratio-based assessment

Phytoplankton species distribution and composition were determined by using microscopy and pigment ratios in the Kongsfjorden during early autumn 2012. Variation in sea surface temperature (SST) was minimal and matched well with satellite-derived SST. Nutrients were generally limited. Surface phytoplankton abundance ranged from 0.21?×?10³ to 10.28?×?10³ cells L^?1. Phytoplankton abundance decreased with depth and did not show any significant correlation with chlorophyll a (chl a). Column-integrated phytoplankton cell counts (PCC) ranged from 94.3?×?10⁶ cells m^?2 (Kf4) to 13.7?×?10⁶ cells m^?2 (Kf5), while chl a was lowest at inner part of the fjord (6.3 mg m^?2) and highest towards the mouth (24.83 mg m^?2). Biomass from prymnesiophytes and raphidophytes dominated at surface and 10 m, respectively. The contribution of Bacillariophyceae to biomass was low. Generally, heterotrophic dinoflagellates were great in abundance (12.82 %) and ubiquitous in nature and were major contributors to biomass. Various chl pigments (chl b, chl c, phaeopigments (phaeo)) were measured to obtain pigment/chl a ratios to ascertain phytoplankton composition. Phaeo were observed only in inner fjord. Chl b:a ratios and microscopic observations indicated dominance of Chlorophyceae at greater depths than surface. Furthermore, microscopic observations confirmed dominance of chl c containing algae throughout the fjord. The study indicates that pigment ratios can be used as a tool for preliminary identification of major phytoplankton groups. However, under the presence of a large number of heterotrophic dinoflagellates such as Gymnodinium sp. and Gyrodinium sp., pigment signatures need to be supplemented by microscopic observations.     

Sources and spatial distribution of heavy metals in scleractinian coral tissues and sediments from the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama

Marine ecosystems worldwide are threatened by aquatic pollution; however, there is a paucity in data from the Caribbean region. As such, five heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury) were measured in tissues of the scleractinian corals Porites furcata and Agaricia tenuifolia and in adjacent sediments in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. Samples were collected from five reef sites along a gradient of distance from an international shipping port and were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for mercury. Copper and zinc were the most abundant metals and ranged from 11 to 63 mg kg^?1 and from 31 to 185 mg kg^?1 in coral tissues, respectively. The highest concentration of each metal was measured in P. furcata tissues, with copper and mercury concentrations significantly higher in P. furcata than in A. tenuifolia at every site. These results suggest that P. furcata has a higher affinity for metal accumulation and storage than A. tenuifolia. With the exception of cadmium, metal concentrations in coral tissues were generally elevated at coral reefs in closer proximity to the port; however, this pattern was not observed in sediments. Hard coral cover was lowest at reefs in closest proximity to the port, suggesting that metal pollution from port-related activities is influencing hard coral abundance at nearby coral reefs.     

上海市浦东新区大气细颗粒物中重金属污染特征及来源解析

于2017年对浦东城区和郊区大气PM2.5中的重金属特征和来源进行了分析。结果表明,K、Fe、Na、Ca、Mg、Al等矿物元素为浦东新区PM2.5中含量最高的金属元素,其中K的年均值为297.3 ng/m^3。浦东城区的不同元素在季节变化上呈现较为不同的变化规律,郊区的金属元素值大部分呈现春季先逐月下降,在夏、秋季有起伏波动,在10月之后逐渐上升;沙尘+道路源+建筑扬尘、煤燃烧、工业排放、金属冶炼、船舶排放、海盐+垃圾焚烧+生物质燃烧为浦东城区PM2.5中重金属元素的6大类主要来源。其中沙尘+道路源+建筑扬尘对Ca的贡献率为82.7%,煤燃烧对As的贡献率为86.6%,工业排放对SO4^2-的贡献率达到65.9%,金属冶炼对Cr的贡献率为75.7%,船舶排放对V的贡献率为97.5%、海盐+垃圾焚烧+生物质燃烧对Cl^-的贡献率为93.0%。煤燃烧和金属冶炼主要来自于西部方向。船舶排放分布在长江口及其延伸带。浦东新区PM2.5中重金属元素的质量浓度与本地源排放强度、外界传输和大气扩散条件均有密切关系。     

Residual fate and persistence of endosulfan (50 WDG) in Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)

A detailed study has been presented on heavy metal content of the Iture Estuary. Waters of the Sorowie and Kakum rivers that supply water into the Estuary were investigated to ascertain heavy metal pollution levels due to anthropogenic activities. Concentration s of Cd, Zn, Se and Pb were measured. The study shows pre-occupying pollution levels that constitute a threat to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The abundance of metals in the Estuary is in the order Zn > Pb > Cd > Se. The level of Cd in the Iture Estuary ranged between 0.011 mg/l and 0.041 mg/l while Se was in the range 0.018 mg/l to 0.029 mg/l, Pb 0.020 mg/l to 0.075 mg/l and Zn 0.040 to 2.45 mg/l. The impact of contaminated water from the Sorowie River on the Iture Estuary was outstanding and the study points out the importance of the Sorowie River as a primary pollution source to the Iture Estuary. The pollution of the Iture Estuary was found to be connected to human activities in its catchments.     

Changes in the abundance and composition of zooplankton from the ports of Mumbai, India

Zooplankton abundance, biomass, and composition from the ports of Mumbai, India, were studied by selecting 14 stations in and around the area during three different periods between 2001 and 2002 (Nov 01, Apr 02, and Oct 02). The results are compared with the records available since the 1940s. Copepod species such as Canthocalanus sp., Paracalanus arabiensis, Cosmocalanus sp., Euterpina acutifrons, Nannocalanus minor, and Tortanus sp. which were not reported in the earlier studies were observed during the present investigation. Purely herbivorous forms like Nannocalanus minor, Paracalanus sp., and Temora discaudata were in reduced abundance during Apr 02 sampling which was coupled with reduction in the diatom population. Whereas increased abundance of some carnivorous and omnivorous forms during Apr 02 sampling can be related to the changes in the food web dynamics.     

Dissipation of cypermethrin,chlorpyriphos, and profenofos in tomato fruits and soil following application of pre-mix formulations

In this study, changes in heavy metal accumulation in U. rigida J. Agardh taxon and seawater have been investigated with respect to different stations and seasons. For this purpose, the severity of heavy metal pollution in the Dardanelles has been presented through the determination of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations in U. rigida macroalgae and seawater taken seasonally from the stations located on six different regions on the strait. While the metal concentrations in alga specimens were found to be high in spring and winter in all stations; the metal concentrations in the seawater, particularly the Pb concentration, were found to be high in all seasons.     

Heavy metal accumulation and ecosystem engineering by two common mine site-nesting ant species: implications for pollution-level assessment and bioremediation of coal mine soil

The present study focuses on the abundance, heavy metal content, and the impact of ecosystem engineering activities of two coal mine site-inhabiting ant species, Cataglyphis longipedem and Camponotus compressus. The abundance of Ct. longipedem increased while that of C. compressus decreased, with increasing soil pollution. Correspondence analysis reveals a close association between soil heavy metal concentrations and Ct. longipedem abundance, but this association is lacking in the case of C. compressus. Cataglyphis ants which occupy stress-characterized niches appear to be pre-adapted to tolerate heavy metal pollution. Higher concentrations of Zn and Mn in Ct. longipedem may contribute to the strengthening of the cuticular structures, necessary for nest excavation in the hard, arid soil and for single load carrying. C. compressus ants appear to be pollution sensitive. Their higher Fe content may be related to metal uptake via plant-derived liquids and species-specific regulatory mechanisms. The metal pollution index and biota-to-soil accumulation factors, calculated by using the ant body metal content of the two species, indicate an overall decrease of soil heavy metal concentrations with increase of the site age, which reflects the degree of pollution related to the mine site age. The concentrations of total and available heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cu) were significantly lower in the ant nest debris soil as compared to the reference soil. The results of the present study highlight the role of ants as bioindicators and in bioremediation of contaminated soil.