NEDA法测定苯胺对pH的控制及调节

任晓梅[1 ] 曾阐述了用ＮＥＤＡ法测定苯胺时 ,定量加入 1 0 %硫酸氢钾溶液 0 .6ｍＬ至反应液中 ,使 ｐＨ调节在 1 2～ 1 5所需范围 ,代替了投加固体硫酸氢钾和用 ｐＨ试纸测试的方法。经 7年的实践 ,在苯胺或硝基苯 (还原为苯胺 )校准曲线绘制和试样分析上均得到满意结果 ,结果见表 1。表 1　 1995年— 2 0 0 1年苯胺和硝基苯校准曲线和标样考核结果年份基准物质校准曲线 ｐＨ γ 考核结果ρ/(ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 )标准值ρ/(ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 )199519961997199819992 0 0 02 0 0 1苯胺ｙ =0 0 176ｘ + 0 0 0 2ｙ =0 0 175ｘ + 0 0 0 3ｙ =0 0 1…     

苯酚一次氯酸钠光度法测定水中微量苯胺

在亚硝基铁氰化钾存在下，苯胺在磷酸盐介质（pH＝11．4）中与次氯酸钠、苯酚反应形成靛酚。苯胺在0．06－6．40mg/L内服从比耳定律，用于环境水中微量苯胺的测定，结果与标准方法吻合。     

紫外分光光度法快速测定水和废水中苯胺

水样用中速滤纸过滤后 ,吸取滤液适量 (含苯胺 1 .0～ 1 2 5 μg)于 2 5 ml具塞比色管中 ,加入 2 mlp H=7的缓冲溶液 ,用蒸馏水稀释至刻度混匀 ,放置 1 0分钟后 ,以蒸馏水做参比 ,在波长 2 30 nm处用 1 cm的石英比色皿 ,测定吸光度值。n=6时 ,变异系数 0 .34%～ 3.5 %。检出限     

分光光度计常用元素、波长对照表的制作与应用

将表 1贴在分光光度计上对照使用可避免忙中出错或眈误时间。表 1　分光光度计常用元素、波长对照表元素 (项目 )分析方法波长 ( nm)As Ag-DDC 51 0S2 -对氨基二甲基苯胺 665Cr6 +总 Cr 二苯碳酰二肼 540CN-异烟酸 -巴比妥酸 60 0CN-吡啶 -巴比妥酸 580C6 H5 OH 4 -氨基安替比林 4 60Th 偶氮胂 660U TRPO-偶氮氯膦 665U TRPO-5Br-PADAP 578SO2 盐酸付玫瑰苯胺 (甲醛 ) 577NOx 盐酸萘乙二胺 540HCl Hg( SCN) 2 比色法 4 60NH3、NH3-N 纳氏试剂 4 2 0Cl2 甲基橙褪色法 51 5P2 O5 磷钼兰 680总 P 磷钼兰 70 0Mn 高碘…     

便携式GC-MS快速测定水中苯胺

采用便携式GC-MS测定水体中的苯胺，并对水样中离子强度和顶空分析的平衡时间进行优化。试验表明，苯胺在10．0μg/L～200μg/L范围内有较好的线性，r为0．998；方法检出限为5．8μg/L；回收率为92．8％～96．7％；RSD为3．2％～8．6％。用54种VOCs混合标样对苯胺标液进行干扰试验，结果试验条件下苯胺与VOCs得到有效分离。     

各类型废水的BOD5与CODcr的相关性

八种废水中各自的 BOD5 与 CODcr( x)线性关系密切 ,其直线回归方程分别为 :1机械废水 :y=0 .2 732 x 1 .80 ;2冷却废水 :y=0 .1 2 85x 0 .1 1 ;3制药废水 :y=0 .392 2 x 1 31 .2 1 ;4纺织印染废水 :y=0 .4 2 0 8x- 2 .4 9;5食品加工废水 :y=0 .61 2 6x 1 3.70 ;6饮食废水 :y=0 .5992 x 1 7.51 ;7医院废水 :y=0 .34 39x- 0 .4 1 ;8生活污水 :y=0 .4 86x 1 7.0 2。各类型废水的BOD_5与COD_(cr)的相关性@陆春霞$广州市环境监测站!广东广州510030 @钱东辉$广州市环境监测站!广东广州510030 @何坤志$广州市环境监测站!广东广州510030…     

紫外差示分光光光度法直接测定废水中苯胺

苯胺在不同酸度溶液中具有不同的结构和紫外吸收光谱.以苯胺的酸溶液为参比液,以等浓度的苯胺水溶液为测定液,在280nm处测定苯胺含量.结果表明,当苯胺浓度为1～100mg/L时,吸光度与浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,据此建立了紫外差示分光光度法.该法不需分离可直接测定工业废水中苯胺含量,简便快速,回收率高于96.7％.     

土壤中苯胺类污染物测定的探讨

本文在碱性条件下,从土壤中用水直接浸提,其浸提液再用重氮—偶合比色法测定,从而取得了较满意的结果。 实验部分 一、仪器和试剂 1.仪器:721分光光度计 2.主要试剂:苯胺标准溶液:用分析纯苯胺配制。5％的亚硝酸钠溶液。2.5％的氨基磺酸铵溶液。2％N—(1—萘基)—乙二胺盐酸盐。 二、实验方法 1.校准曲线的绘制:于6个25ml具塞比色管中,分别加入0,0.25,0.50,1.00,1.50,2.OOml的苯胺标液(每毫升含10.0μg),各加水10ml,用硫酸氢钾或无水碳酸钠调节     

工业废水中苯胺、硝基苯的检测方法探讨

建立了用气相色谱内标法测定工业废水中的苯胺、硝基苯的方法，优化了试验条件。采用SE-30毛细管柱来代替不锈钢柱，并采用氢火焰离子化检测器，可快速测出工业废水中的苯胺、硝基苯含量。方法在0-400mg／L之间，线性关系良好，实际工业废水样品测定的CV≤1．44％，加标回收率为98．4％～99．3％。     

浅海氨氧监测方法

1标准系列的制备 :取 6支 1 0 0 ml量瓶 ,分别加入 0 ,0 .30 ,0 .6 0 ,0 .90 ,1 .2 0 ,1 .50 ml铵标准使用液 ( 1 0 .0 mg/L- N) ,加无氨蒸馏水至标线 ,混匀。系列各点的浓度分别为 0 ,0 .0 3,0 .0 6 ,0 .0 9,0 .1 2 ,0 .1 5mg/L- N。移取 35.0 ml上述各点溶液分别置于 50 ml具塞比色管中 ,各加入 1 .0 ml柠檬酸钠溶液混匀→ 1 .0 ml水杨酸 (原标准为苯酚 )溶液混匀→ 1 .0 ml次氯酸钠使用液混匀 ,放置6 h,选 6 4 0 nm波长处 ,5cm测定池 ,以无氨蒸馏水做参比溶液 ,测定吸光值 Aw,用校正后的吸光度绘制标准曲线。 2样品的测定 :分别移取 35…     

屏蔽门对地铁站台颗粒物分布的影响研究

通过2018年1月的污染天和非污染天在上海人民广场地铁站对装有屏蔽门系统的1号线站台和装有安全门系统的2号线站台上的颗粒物数量浓度进行监测并作对比研究,结果表明:污染天和非污染天,安装屏蔽门系统的站台颗粒物数量浓度相对于安全门系统分别降低2.08%~35.44%和5.69%~51.31%。屏蔽门站台的颗粒物浓度表现为后站台>前站台>中站台;安全门系统颗粒物浓度无规律。屏蔽门系统站台的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量要低于安全门系统,站台两端的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量高于站台中间。     

Relationship Between Crown Condition and Tree Diameter Growth in Southern Swedish Oaks

We studied correlation between crown conditions and tree-ring widths in 260 trees of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) growing on 33 sites in southern Sweden. The tree-ring increment over 1998-2002 was highest in trees with healthy crowns, intermediate in trees with moderately declined crowns, and lowest in trees with heavily declining crowns. The time period with significant correlation between crown status and tree-ring increment varied between 10 years (given autocorrelation in tree-ring chronologies preserved) and 4 years (autocorrelation removed). In pairwise comparisons of three crown classes, differences in tree-ring increment between trees with healthy crowns and trees with heavily declining crowns were the most pronounced, Fisher LSD P value staying below 0.05 over 13 years (autocorrelation preserved ) or 4 years (autocorrelation removed). Over two 5-year periods (1993-1997 vs. 1998-2002) the cumulative increment increased significantly for trees with healthy crowns, did not change in trees with moderately declining crowns, and significantly decreased in trees with heavily declining crowns. For trees with healthy crowns, this dynamics may represent growth recovery after 1992 drought. Instead, oaks with defoliation above 60% appear to reach a threshold in their ability to recover growth. At sites on nutrient-poor soils cumulative increments over 1998-2002 differed significantly among trees with different crown condition and no differences were observed at sites on nutrient-rich soils. Analyses and interpretation of the oak growth trends as recovered from tree-ring chronologies may be improved by controlling for the crown status of the trees sampled, e.g., by using sampling strategy that would represent the average crown and growth conditions of the sites.     

Microbiological characteristics of multi-media PRB reactor in the bioremediation of groundwater contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons

A multi-media bio-PRB reactor was designed to treat groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. After a 208-day bioremediation, combined with the total petroleum hydrocarbons content in the groundwater flowed through the reactor, microbiological characteristics of the PRB reactor including microbes immobilized and its dehydrogenase activity were investigated. TPH was significantly reduced by as much as 65% in the back of the second media layer, whereas in the third layer, the TPH content reached lower than 1 mg l?1. For microbes immobilized on the media, the variations with depth in different media were significantly the same and the regularity was obvious in the forepart of the media, which increased with depth at first and then reduced gradually, while in the back-end, the microbes almost did not have any variations with depth but decreased with the distance. The dehydrogenase activity varied from 2.98 to 16.16 mg TF L?1 h?1 and its distribution illustrated a similar trend with numbers of microbial cell, therefore, the noticeable correlation was found between them.     

Determination of 14 amines in air samples using midget impingers sampling followed by analysis with ion chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry

An Ion Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 14 volatile amines in air. The method includes collection of compounds into two midget impingers in a row filled with 15 ml of ultrapure water. The analytical performances with mass spectrometry detection were compared to those obtained with classical conductivity detection. The use of mass spectrometry detection (in SIM mode) overcomes most of the coelutions encountered with conductivity detection. Although the linearity domain of calibrations is reduced for the MS detection as compared with the CD detection, the detection limits in MS detection are highly lowered allowing the quantification of amines at the levels of μg m(-3) in air with a good accuracy for most compounds (RSD of less than 10%). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of amines released from polyurethane foams. Seven amines were identified and some in high concentrations, like dimethylaminoethanol, NIAX and TEDA.     

Reproductive health indicators of fishes from Pennsylvania watersheds: association with chemicals of emerging concern

Fishes were collected at 16 sites within the three major river drainages (Delaware, Susquehanna, and Ohio) of Pennsylvania. Three species were evaluated for biomarkers of estrogenic/antiandrogenic exposure, including plasma vitellogenin and testicular oocytes in male fishes. Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, white sucker Catostomus commersonii, and redhorse sucker Moxostoma species were collected in the summer, a period of low flow and low reproductive activity. Smallmouth bass were the only species in which testicular oocytes were observed; however, measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin were found in male bass and white sucker. The percentage of male bass with testicular oocytes ranged from 10 to 100 %, with the highest prevalence and severity in bass collected in the Susquehanna drainage. The percentage of males with plasma vitellogenin ranged from 0 to 100 % in both bass and sucker. Biological findings were compared with chemical analyses of discrete water samples collected at the time of fish collections. Estrone concentrations correlated with testicular oocytes prevalence and severity and with the percentage of male bass with vitellogenin. No correlations were noted with the percentage of male sucker with vitellogenin and water chemical concentrations. The prevalence and severity of testicular oocytes in bass also correlated with the percent of agricultural land use in the watershed above a site. Two sites within the Susquehanna drainage and one in the Delaware were immediately downstream of wastewater treatment plants to compare results with upstream fish. The percentage of male bass with testicular oocytes was not consistently higher downstream; however, severity did tend to increase downstream.     

Can fish gill anomalies be used to assess water quality in freshwater Neotropical systems?

Gill anomalies in two fish species (Geophagus brasiliensis and Astyanax bimaculatus) were compared among three freshwater systems with different water quality: one eutrophic river, one eutrophic reservoir, and one oligotrophic reservoir. The raised hypotheses are that reservoirs with low water quality (eutrophic) have fish with more gills anomalies compared with reservoirs with high water quality (oligotrophic), and that the more stable environmental conditions of eutrophic rivers have fish with better healthy conditions than eutrophic reservoirs that have lesser stable environmental conditions. Gills of 36 adult individuals of G. brasiliensis and 23 of A. bimaculatus collected during the winter 2008 and winter 2009 were examined, and the proportions of occurrence of nine histological alterations were compared for the two species among the three systems using a binomial t test for independent samples. Histological changes in fish gills that are reversible and unspecific, such as epithelial lifting, interstitial edema, leukocyte infiltration, hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, and vasodilatation were common in both fish species in the three systems. However, lamellar aneurism, which is a more serious and often irreversible anomaly, and lamellar blood congestion occurred only in fish from the two reservoirs. Alternatively, necrosis occurred more in fish from the river. Fish gill anomalies in both species did not differ between the two reservoirs, despite having different water quality. We rejected the hypothesis that reservoirs with lower water quality have fish with more gill injuries compared with high water quality reservoirs. Moreover, the eutrophic river seems to affect differently the healthy condition of fish species, compared with the eutrophic reservoir.     

Assessing reliable indicators to sewage pollution in coastal soft-bottom communities

Physicochemical characteristics of sediment and benthic communities were studied in the proximity of seven sewage outfalls with differences in flow and wastewater treatment in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Redox potential was the only abiotic parameter which showed a pattern related with distance to outfalls, whereas granulometry, percentage of organic matter, metal concentrations or pH did not show changes related with outfall presence. Benthic community analysis proved to be the most suitable monitoring tool. The results showed that the highest impacted stations corresponded with those closest to outfall with the highest flow and only pre-treatment, whilst a decrease of this tendency was detected in the locations where secondary treatment takes place. Meta-analysis showed a decrease of amphipods and tanaids abundance as well as redox potential, as the indicators with the clearest response to sewage presence.     

Assessing the effects of domestic and international energy scenarios and emission reduction strategies on acidification in Finland

An integrated model system was developed and used to assess the effects of alternative energy production scenarios and reduction policies on acidification of lakes and forest soils in Finland. The analysis covered different energy scenarios and resulting emissions of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in Finland, as well as ammonia emissions with various control requirements. In addition, emission reduction scenarios of varied ambition levels in the bordering areas of Finland and in other parts of Europe were included in the analysis. The impacts of the different scenarios were quantified with exceedances of critical loads for acidification and with the total areas where the critical loads are exceeded. The possibilities for reducing the areas with critical load exceedances with national or bilateral measures were investigated. The differences in areas at risk, if depositions from domestic and nearby sources are estimated with a regional model and point-source databases or with a continental scale model and coarser-scale emission data, were analyzed. The reasons for the differences and the implications for national-level assessment are discussed.     

电导和直流安培双检测器离子色谱法测定清洁水样中的碘化物

选用配备了2种不同检测器(电导检测器和直流安培检测器)的离子色谱仪对稀释后过0.22μm滤膜的水样进行分析。配备有直流安培检测器的离子色谱仪测定水中碘化物的方法在0.100~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)=0.9999,方法检出限为0.030μg/L,测定下限为0.120μg/L,样品加标回收率为95.0%~104%,相对标准偏差为1.06%~1.64%;配备有电导检测器的离子色谱仪测定水中碘化物的方法在20.0~2.00×105μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)=0.9995,方法检出限为2.00μg/L,测定下限为8.00μg/L,样品加标回收率为99.0%~110%,相对标准偏差为0.71%~3.12%。离子色谱-直流安培检测器法测定水中碘化物的方法准确度高、灵敏度高、精密度好,检出限相对较低,适用于测定ρ(碘化物)≤20.0μg/L的清洁水样;离子色谱-电导检测器法主要适用于测定ρ(碘化物)≥20.0μg/L的水样。     

Comparison study of five analytical methods for the fractionation and subsequent determination of aluminium in natural water samples

Five methods for aluminium fractionation used in different laboratories in Norway and Finland were compared using six control, 75 soil water and 10 lake water samples. Different fractionation principles [cation exchange, formation of the Pyrocatechol Violet (PCV) or quinolin-8-ol (oxine) complex], types of cation exchanger [Amberlite (Na/H) or Bond Elut (H)], reaction time (from 2.3 s), flow systems (flow injection analysis or segmented flow) and determination principles (molecular absorption spectrometry or ICP-AES) were tested. Determination of the 'labile' fraction was strongly dependent on the method used and the largest differences were observed between the ICP-AES method with cation exchange (Bond Elut H form) and the 'quickly reacting' method (oxine, 2.3 s). Different flow systems, both using cation exchange and determination of the PCV complex but with different reaction times and an extra acidification step, resulted in large differences in the 'reactive' and 'non-labile' fractions determined. However, the determination of the labile fraction gave similar results with both these methods. The two different types of cation exchanger used (with and without pH buffering and with different counter ions) in the ICP-AES methods resulted in differences, mainly because of a smaller 'non-labile' fraction in the non-buffered system. The two flow injection systems (oxine and PCV complexation) showed common trends, which may be connected with the short reaction times used. Comparison with theoretical equilibrium calculations using the model ALCHEMI suggested that the best correlation for the determination of the 'labile' fraction were obtained with the ICP-AES method with an Amberlite column.