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环境监测全程序质量保证浅谈 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了从人的意识与能力的培训到布点、采样、仪器调试、实验室质量控制、数据处理等环境监测全程序质量保证的必要性,指出了空白值测定、密码平行样、加标回收率、标准质控样等质控措施的重要性和注意事项以及审核数据时进行纵向、横向比较的方法及其重要性。 相似文献
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在对环境空气质量的监测中,有些城市存在着人工采样实验室测定和连续自动监测系统监测并行的情况。为考察这两种方法监测结果的异同,于夏季连续20d和冬季连续15d进行了对比监测。监测项目为SO2,NO2和PM10。在对比监测中采取了质量控制措施。对人工采样实验室测定进行了综合采样器流量校正,现场空白样和全程序平行样测定;在自动监测系统中,对SO2,NO2监测仪器作零点,标点校正,PM10监测仪作K0校正。对所测得的209个日均值进行了统计分析,结果表明:SO2,PM10两方面测定结果方差相同,NO2两种方法在冬夏两季方差间均有显著性差异;夏季SO2,PM10,冬季NO2两种方法监测结果一致;冬季SO2,PM10,夏季NO2两种方法监测结果有显著性差异;样品浓度水平及天气状况对两种方法测定结果的差异亦产生较大的影响。 相似文献
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胡冠九 《环境监测管理与技术》2003,15(6):44-46
美国的环境监测实验室分官方和非官方2类,官方的如环境保护署(EPA)的直属实验中心,其主要职能是开发、制定标准分析方法,推行质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)计划;非官方的如EPA的合同实验室和地区性实验室,主要接受EPA的合同项目和各种客户的委托项目。推行QA/QC是官方实验室的工作核心,而QA/QC实施得好坏则决定着非官方实验室的生存。现介绍美国环境有机污染物监测中有特色的质量控制技术。1 现场质控样现场质控样指示采样过程中的变化因素和引入的污染,主要包括现场空白、运输空白、现场平行样、考核样等。现场质控样随实际样品… 相似文献
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采用固相萃取-液相色谱法,通过统计全国多家实验室的测定数据,对水中微囊藻毒素测试的平行样测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率、实际样品加标回收率、空白加标回收率平行样相对偏差以及样品加标回收率平行样相对偏差5个质控指标进行了研究,并给出了质控指标评价标准,提出在概率P和γ均为0.90时,其平行样测定允许最大相对偏差应控制在7.3%;空白加标质量浓度为0.005~20 μg/L时,回收率的控制范围为61%~125%;样品测定浓度为未检出、加标质量浓度在0.2~3.6 μg/L时,实际样品加标回收率控制范围为66%~108%;空白加标、样品加标回收率平行样最大相对偏差应分别控制在3.9%和8.9%。在概率P和γ均为0.95时,其平行样测定允许最大相对偏差应控制在8.3%;空白加标质量浓度为0.005~20 μg/L时,回收率的控制范围为49%~137%;样品测定浓度为未检出、加标质量浓度在0.2~3.6 μg/L时,实际样品加标回收率控制范围为60%~114%;空白加标、样品加标回收率平行样最大相对偏差应分别控制在5.2% 和14.8%。 相似文献
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河流水质监测控制断面设置探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王大力 《环境监测管理与技术》2001,13(4):41-42
对河流水质监测控制断面设置的基本理论和方法进行了探讨。根据河流的控制断面应设在排放口的下游 ,污染物与河水能较充分混合处的原则 ,提出了河流水质监测控制断面的计算公式 :x =0 313uB2 /Ey ,以及其他有关河流水质监测断面设置中应注意的问题 相似文献
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调研分析了国内水中氯苯类化合物的常用分析技术应用现状,对吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法可量化的精密度与准确度质量控制指标开展研究。针对水中氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、三氯苯等4种氯苯类化合物的实际样品平行测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率及平行样相对偏差、实际样品加标回收率及平行样相对偏差等指标,通过实验室内方法优化和参数确定,以及国内多家实验室质控数据采集与统计分析,经文献数据比对,获得了不同置信区间下系统性和适用性良好的量化质控指标。 相似文献
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为研究不同实验室藻密度监测数据的可靠性,现场采集了藻密度样品,处理为现场平行样和实验室前处理后平行样2种,分别由5家实验室的6名技术人员开展检测分析。参考相关技术规范要求,结合其他领域相似工作的成功应用案例,采用Z比分数法对分析结果开展藻密度实验室间比对。结果表明,数据的相对偏差均符合技术规范要求;对藻密度进行数据直接比对和对数转换后比对,各实验室对现场平行样和实验室前处理后平行样的检测结果均为合格;分析方法原理导致藻密度手工监测的绝对数值偏差较大,对当前的太湖水华预警工作适用性不高。 相似文献
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吹扫捕集- GC/MS法测定水中卤代烃的质量控制指标研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法,通过实际样品测试及全国多家实验室测定数据统计两种方法,针对水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、溴仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1-二氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等8种卤代烃的平行样测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率及实际样品加标回收率等3个指标,研究了每种卤代烃的质控指标评价标准,提出其平行样测定... 相似文献
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福建省环境监测质量保证与质量控制现状及任务 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
通过实验室质量体系的建立与运行、计量认证、人员培训与持证上岗、制定监测技术规范、质量控制考核五个方面阐述了全省环境监测质量保证与质量控制工作的现状,并提出今后全省环境监测质量保证与质量控制工作的任务。 相似文献
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The role of metadata and strategies to detect and control temporal data bias in environmental monitoring of soil contamination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Desaules A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):7023-7039
It is crucial for environmental monitoring to fully control temporal bias, which is the distortion of real data evolution by varying bias through time. Temporal bias cannot be fully controlled by statistics alone but requires appropriate and sufficient metadata, which should be under rigorous and continuous quality assurance and control (QA/QC) to reliably document the degree of consistency of the monitoring system. All presented strategies to detect and control temporal data bias (QA/QC, harmonisation/homogenisation/standardisation, mass balance approach, use of tracers and analogues and control of changing boundary conditions) rely on metadata. The Will Rogers phenomenon, due to subsequent reclassification, is a particular source of temporal data bias introduced to environmental monitoring here. Sources and effects of temporal data bias are illustrated by examples from the Swiss soil monitoring network. The attempt to make a comprehensive compilation and assessment of required metadata for soil contamination monitoring reveals that most metadata are still far from being reliable. This leads to the conclusion that progress in environmental monitoring means further development of the concept of environmental metadata for the sake of temporal data bias control as a prerequisite for reliable interpretations and decisions. 相似文献
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根据上海市空气自动监测网络由市级中心站负责子站和区/县级监测站自建子站共同组成和两级管理的结构特点,上海自2006年开始实施对空气自动监测子站的年度质保审核,并在实践中持续改进和完善。以上海为例对新环境空气质量标准实施和AQI实时发布背景下完整的空气质量自动监测QA/QC体系中的质保审核的建立实施及其效果进行讨论。 相似文献
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As there is no one-and-only concept on how to precisely define and establish quality control (QC) or quality assurance (QA) in the making of environmental assessments (EA), this paper presents selected features of international approaches that address quality in EA systems in the USA, the Netherlands, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Based on explanative case studies, we highlight the embedding of specific quality control features within the EA systems, the objectives and processes, and relevant transparency challenges. Such features of QC/QA approaches can be considered in cases where substantial quality control and assurance efforts are still missing. Yet further research needs to be conducted on the efficacy of these approaches, which remains beyond the scope of this study. 相似文献
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阐述了建立国控重点污染源监督监测数据质量QA/QC量化评估体系的重要性和迫切性,从国控污染源QA/QC量化评估体系建设的基本思路、量化评估指标的组成、量化评估指标的权重及QL阈值等方面,对国控重点污染源监督监测数据质量QA/QC量化评价体系的建立进行探讨。 相似文献
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Pitz M Birmili W Schmid O Peters A Wichmann HE Cyrys J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(9):1017-1024
Long-term observations of atmospheric constituents such as aerosol particles are increasingly needed to assess their impact on climate and human health. In contrast to particle mass concentration (MC), there are currently no standardized quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures for the measurement of particle size distribution (PSD). This study describes some fundamental QC and QA procedures associated with the collection and evaluation of a 2 year dataset between 2005 and 2006 at an urban background monitoring site in Augsburg, Germany. The considered parametres include ambient PSD between 3 nm and 10 microm (merged from a twin differential mobility and an aerodynamic particle sizer, TDMPS and APS, respectively) as well as total particle number (TNC), length (LC) and MC determined by independent instruments. The hourly 1st and 0th moment of PSD showed good correlations with the independently measured LC (R(2) = 0.86) and TNC (R(2) = 0.79), respectively, the deviation for LC with 4% and for TNC with 22% being rather small. The volume concentration (3rd moment) of hourly measured PSD and the resultant MC (when assuming a realistic apparent density of 1.5 g cm(-3)) correlated well with the independently measured MC of PM(2.5) or PM(10) (R(2) > 0.86) and showed only small deviation from PM(2.5) (1%) or PM(10) (5%), respectively. The study demonstrates that the described QC and QA measures define both a high accuracy of the PSD measurements and their long-term comparability against data obtained in similar measurement programmes. 相似文献