固定膜及填充床生物反应器中甲烷营养物联合体降解三氯乙烯和反式1.2—二氯乙烯

一种以甲烷作为主要碳素来源的含微生物的固定膜填充床生物反应器,应用于处理含有三氯乙烯(TCE)和反式1、2—二氯乙烯(DCE)的综合地下水.TCE和DCE的流入浓度均为1mg/L,驻留时间约50分钟,一次通过生物反应器约可降解大于50%的TCE和大于90%的DCE.经过液体循环可进一步降解TCE.TCE的降解速率,在其浓度范围内属一级,一级速率常数约0.02/min.     

膜生物反应器在废水处理中的研究及应用

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物处理工艺相结合的一种新型废水处理技术．综合论述了膜生物反应器的发展概况、基本原理、技术特点及分类等．     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用及其前景展望

主要总结阐述了新型高效污水处理技术--膜生物反应器的基本类型、技术特点、技术难点及其在国内外的研究与使用情况,指出MBR的未来应用领域、研究方向及重点问题.     

膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用研究

综述了膜生物反应器的发展历程和膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用研究现状，并就膜污染问题的机理及其研究情况进行了介绍．     

污水中抗生素生化去除研究进展

综述了活性污泥法、膜生物反应器、人工湿地等国内外常见抗生素生化去除方法的优缺点与适用范围,通过工艺对比发现,膜生物反应器和人工湿地能有效去除污水中的抗生素,活性污泥法对抗生素的去除率不高,且选择性较强;污泥龄和水力停留时间对抗生素的去除率有着显著影响,多数情况下反应器的运行改进也能提高抗生素的去除效果。针对抗生素污染问题,提出了采取加强型的复合式处理工艺、开展分区研究、出台相关管理政策等建议。     

麻黄素工业废水的生物处理实验

定向培养驯化出生物多样性丰富的活性污泥,并从特异环境中分离筛选出嗜纤维微生物菌株,通过生物食物链的共同作用降解麻黄素类高浓度有机工业废水。     

环境中合成麝香污染现状研究

合成麝香广泛分布于环境中,难降解,易生物富集,对水生生物和人体均呈现一定的生物毒性.综述了合成麝香在环境中的污染现状和分布特点,以及在水生生物和人体中的生物富集作用,并对合成麝香污染研究进行了展望.     

基于活性污泥微生物冻后再生对废水基质降解效能的研究

采用高径比为12.5的序批式反应器(SBR)对冷冻的成熟好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）解冻驯化,研究母体颗粒冻后富集培养及其在番茄废水基质降解中的循环利用。结果表明：冻后恢复活性的污泥第60天全部颗粒化,平均粒径不小于0.45 mm;高通量测序结果显示,相较母体颗粒,该污泥中与颗粒化相关的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)优势菌群富集,微生物丰度呈显著差异（P<0.05）;复合菌株对COD、NH3-N和PO3-4-P去除率分别为98.9%、82.1%和82.2%,可实现番茄废水的有效降解。     

膜集成污水再生技术

传统的水处理方法无法满足以再生回用为目的的污水深度处理的要求，必须依靠与膜技术的组合与集成来实现。应用于污水资源化的膜技术有微滤、超滤、反渗透、纳滤及膜生物反应器等。通过微滤或超滤处理二级废水，可以去除水中的悬浮物、细菌、胶体和病毒，出水可达到杂用水标准。通过纳滤、反渗透对三级废水进行进一步处理，可去除废水中的溶解性杂质（有机物及有害矿物质），处理后水质可以达到自来水标准。通过膜生物反应器（MBR）技术建设小区中水回用工程以及对工业和市政污水处理装置进行技术及规模升级。     

含油废水生物处理方法研究进展

随着石油工业的发展,各种石油污染物正日益威胁着人类的生存环境。以微生物为基础的生物处理技术已成为人们进行环境污染治理的常用措施。本文重点介绍了含油废水的生物处理方法以及该方法在现阶段的研究现状、存在的不足和今后的发展前景。     

Performance of bioreactor landfill with waste mined from a dumpsite

Emissions from landfills via leachate and gas are influenced by state and stability of the organic matter in the solid waste and the environmental conditions within the landfill. This paper describes a modified, ecologically sound waste treatment technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in a lysimeter-scale landfill bioreactor with leachate recirculation to enhance organic degradation. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in organic matter (BOD 99%, COD 88% and TOC 81%) and a clear decrease in nutrient concentrations especially ammonia (85%) over a period of 1 year with leachate recirculation.     

硝化污泥低温冲击强化试验

采用完全好氧式膜生物反应器富集耐低温硝化污泥,通过低温冲击强化试验研究硝化污泥的耐低温特性。结果表明,低温对硝化污泥中微生物的群落多样性影响较大,温度越低,微生物多样性越低。低温强化组投加了耐低温高硝化菌含量硝化污泥,使得硝化菌在反应器内生长趋势良好,对低温冲击的恢复更有效果,且低温硝化污泥比中温硝化污泥具有更好的氨氮及亚硝氮去除效果。     

Recycling of petroleum-contaminated sand

The environmental impact of using petroleum-contaminated sand (PCS) as a substitute in asphalt paving mixtures was examined. An appreciable component of PCS is oily sludge, which is found as the dregs in oil storage tanks and is also produced as a result of oil spills on clean sand. The current method for the disposal of oily sludge is land farming. However, this method has not been successful as an oil content of < 1% w/w is required, and difficulty was encountered in reaching this target. The reuse of the sludge in asphalt paving mixtures was therefore considered as an alternative. Standard tests and environmental studies were conducted to establish the integrity of the materials containing the recycled sludge. These included physical and chemical characterization of the sludge itself, and an assessment of the mechanical properties of materials containing 0%, 5%, 22% and 50% oily sludge. The blended mixtures were subjected to special tests, such as Marshall testing and the determination of stability and flow properties. The experimental results indicated that mixtures containing up to 22% oily sludge could meet the necessary criteria for a specific asphalt concrete wearing course or bituminous base course. To maximize the assay from the recycled material, the environmental assessment was restricted to the 50% oily sludge mixture. Leachates associated with this particular mixture were assayed for total organic residue and certain hazardous metal contaminants. The results revealed that the organics were negligible, and the concentrations of the metals were not significant. Thus, no adverse environmental impact should be anticipated from the use of the recycled product. Our research showed that the disposal of oily sludge in asphalt paving mixtures could possibly yield considerable savings per tonne of asphalt concrete, and concurrently minimize any direct impact on the environment.     

Conditioning of Oily Sludge with Alum

Sludge dewatering is a process whereby water is removed from sludge so as to reduce its volume and alter its physical state from semisolid to damp solid. This physical change reduces the volume of sludge considerably and therefore the cost of disposal. The degree of reduction of sludge volume or dewatering is a function of the characteristics of sludge and the type of dewatering device. Sludge characteristics such as specific resistance, capillary suction time(CST), filter yield and solid content can be determined in the laboratories. Knowledge of these characteristics with different dosages of sludge conditioners helps in effective dewatering and sludge handling operations.Oil and grease have an affinity for suspended solids. Experiences show that the presence of oil in wastewater results in poor substrate utilization causing less aerobic treatment and subsequently hinder settling and dewatering processes. Sludge samples with different oil contents varying from 1.8% to 8.0% by weight have been examined in the laboratory to find out their specific resistance, capillary suction time and filter yield. Alum was used as a conditioner. Different dosages of alum varying from 2% to 12% by weight were used to determine the optimum chemical dosage for varying oil contents. Buchner funnel apparatus, filter leaf apparatus and capillary suction time test apparatus were used to determine the dewatering characteristics specific resistance, filter yield and capillary suction time respectively.Addition of alum decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly upto 4% dosages. Alum dosages beyond 4% only increase the solids content in the sludge cake and increase the sludge volume to be handled. The total suspended solids of filtrate decrease with alum dosage. The correlations between dewatering characteristics were studied. A correlation between CST and specific resistance to filtration was established. CST can be measured easily and quickly in the laboratories. Using the CST and the correlation a quick prediction on dewaterability can be established.     

Nutrient transfer by runoff from sewage sludge amended soil under simulated rainfall

Wastewater sludges are used in agriculture as soil amendment and fertilizer, with regard to their organic matter and nutrient content. However, availability of nitrogen and phosphorus from sludge-amended soils and their transfer in runoff may lead to eutrophication of downstream surface water. The aim of this study is to establish and compare the effect of two different sludges on these transfers: an anaerobically digested and thermically stabilised sludge (Seine-Aval treatment plant, sludge no. 1), and a limed sludge (Saint-Quentin treatment plant, sludge no. 2). Experiments were performed on 12 sloping micro-plots (1 m × 1 m) submitted to sludge spreading and controlled rainfall simulation. Runoff water was sampled and analysed for concentrations in nitrogen species and phosphorus. Results show that spreading of sludge no. 1 increased both ammonium nitrogen (mean of 1.1 mg L^–1 N-NH₄ vs. 0.2 mg L^–1 N-NH₄ for control micro-plots) and particulate phosphorus concentrations (mean of 2 mg L^–1 P vs. 1.1 mg L^–1 P for control micro-plots) in runoff water. On the other hand, sludge no. 2 did not induce any significant effect on nutrient concentrations in runoff. These results are related to chemical composition and physical treatment of sludges. This study underlines the existence of a short-term risk of nutrient mobilisation by runoff after sludge spreading on soil, and the need to check precisely the impact of this practice on water quality.     

Metal remediation from partially composted distillery sludge using composting earthworm Eisenia fetida

Distillery sludge, a sugar industry byproduct, has been recommended widely as a potential soil conditioner, but high concentrations of metals limit its continuous use for field crops. In this study we tested the feasibility of earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) in removing metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) from sludge through vermitechnology. The transfer of metals during the vermicomposting process was also estimate in terms of total metal contents in vermicomposted sludge and earthworm tissues. The sludge processed by worms showed a significant reduction in concentration of metals: Zn (20.5-43.8%), Fe (23.6-34.0%), Mn (18.0-45.7%) and Cu (29.0-58.1%), at the end. The metal reduction in sludge was directly related to the bioaccumulation of metals in the tissues of composting earthworms. The inoculated earthworms showed a considerable level (dry wt basis) of Zn (103.7-143.3 mg kg(-1)), Fe (87.2-146.5 mg kg(-1)), Mn (83.7-138.6 mg kg(-1)) and Cu (16.8-25.5 mg kg(-1)) in their tissues. A higher range of bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for different metals studied further suggest the candidature of earthworm to be used effectively for removal of metals form industrial sludges. The obtained vermicomposts form different vermireactors were rich in nutrients. The feasibility of earthworms to mitigate the metal toxicity and to enhance the nutrient profile in sludge might be useful in sustainable land restoration practices at low-input basis. The ranges of metals in end product were within the standards recommended by different agencies.     

Occurrence and fate of androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids and progestagens in two different types of municipal wastewater treatment plants

The occurrence and fate of fourteen androgens, four estrogens, five glucocorticoids and five progestagens were investigated in two different types of wastewater treatment plants (Plant A: activated sludge with chlorination, and Plant B: oxidation ditch with UV) of Guangdong province, China. 14, 14, and 10 of 28 target compounds were detected in the influent, effluent and dewatered sludge samples with the concentrations ranging from below 1.2 ± 0.0 ng L(-1) (stanozolol) to 1368 ± 283 ng L(-1) (epi-androsterone), below 1.0 ± 0.0 ng L(-1) (progesterone) to 23.1 ± 1.0 ng L(-1) (5α-dihydrotestosterone), 1.0 ± 0.1 ng g(-1) (estrone) to 460 ± 4.4 ng g(-1) (5α-dihydrotestosterone), respectively. The concentrations of total androgens (1554-1778 ng L(-1) in influent, 13.3-47.8 ng L(-1) in effluent, 377-923 ng g(-1) in dewatered sludge) were much higher than those of total estrogens (41.5-60.2 ng L(-1) in influent, 5.6-13.5 ng L(-1) in effluent, 13.9-57.8 ng g(-1) in dewatered sludge), glucocorticoids (171-192 ng L(-1) in influent, 2.2-6.3 ng L(-1) in effluent, N.D.-4.4 ng g(-1) in dewatered sludge), and progestagens (39.6-40.5 ng L(-1) in influent, 6.9-12.1 ng L(-1) in effluent, N.D. in dewatered sludge) in these two WWTPs. According to mass balance analysis, the removal rates of most target steroids in Plant A had exceeded 90%, while those in Plant B for nearly half of detected target steroids were lower than 80%. It is obvious that the treatment capacity of the activated sludge system (Plant A) is superior to the oxidation ditch (Plant B) in the degradation of steroids in sewage treatment systems. Androgens, estrogens and progestagens were mainly removed by sorption and degradation, while the reduction of glucocorticoids was primarily due to degradation.     

Microbiological profile of crude oil in storage tanks

Microbiological quality of crude oil storage tanks was determined. The samples were taken from crude oil storage tanks in three stations, at Ughelli, Escravos and Forcados tank farms in the Delta State of Nigeria. Two tanks were sampled at each station with samples collected from three levels of the tank, namely the oil layer, oil water interface, and effluent layer. Samples from the inner walls and bottom sediment of the only empty tank in Ughelli during the study were also taken. The total heterotrophic count of bacteria and total fungal count were obtained by plating samples on nutrient agar and sabouraud's glucose agar respectively and incubated for 14 days at 28 °C±2 °C. Oilutilizing bacteria and fungi were isolated on oil agar using fungizone and antibiotics to inhibit fungal and bacterial growth respectively. Pure cultures of bacteria and fungi were prepared on nutrient agar and sabouraud's glucose agar respectively at 28 °C±2 °C for 4 days. Isolates were identified using approved standard methods. Three bacterial genera, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Bacillus, and one actinomycete, Actinomyces and two fungal genera, Penicillium and Cunninghamella, were isolated. Pseudomonas was dominant among the bacteria (41.62%) and Penicillium dominant among the fungi (94%). It was also found that the total microbial load of the effluent layer was higher than that of the oil layer.     

假丝酵母菌对高浓度苯酚的降解效果及SDS对其生长影响

从含酚废水处理池污泥中驯化得到苯酚降解菌——假丝酵母菌FD-1,通过试验考察FD-1对高浓度苯酚废水的降解效果,以及十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对高浓度苯酚废水中FD-1菌株生长的影响。试验表明,假丝酵母菌FD-1对苯酚的最大降解质量浓度为1 500 mg/L,降解时间为30 h。当苯酚质量浓度不超过1 000 mg/L时,添加适量的SDS可以显著提高苯酚降解速率,进而缩短苯酚降解时间,SDS的最佳投加量为100 mg/L,超过150 mg/L时FD-1生长受到抑制。