水污染源自动设备流量比对监测问题探讨

水污染源自动设备流量是水污染总量减排统计中的关键数据,为了水污染源自动监测设备流量数据更好的为管理服务,监测系统应不断提高在线流量比对监测能力,本文对水污染源自动设备流量比对监测现状及存在的问题进行了阐述,并针对问题提出相关建议,为水污染源自动设备流量比对监测技术提供了参考。     

对水污染源在线监测设备系统集成的思考

简述了水污染源在线监测设备系统集成的必要性,分析了目前系统集成中存在的问题,以及应采取的对策。按照国家有关规范要求,对现场端的在线监测设备进行科学的综合布局,并从采水、配水、预处理、控制、分析、数据采集与传输、辅助等构成单元,提出了有关水污染源在线监测设备系统集成的方案。     

水污染源氨氮自动监测设备比对试验考核指标探讨

对15家氨氮自动监测设备比对试验考核不合格的污水厂及印染厂的考核情况进行了分析，发现目前水污染源氨氮自动监测设备比对试验考核指标存在一些问题。结合水污染源在线监测系统运行与考核技术规范以及地表水自动监测技术规范，提出了水污染源氨氮自动监测系统按照不同排放浓度实施不同比对试验考核指标的建议。     

废水自动监测系统核查要点解析

在废水自动监测工作日益得到重视与普及的背景下,一些企业存在侥幸心理,不严格按规范运行废水自动监测系统,导致监测结果失去真实性。因此,监测人员应针对相应情况,提高监测能力,保证监测结果的真实性。文章分别从现场核查内容、相关材料、在线监测设备运行、治污设施运行工况四个方面,详细说明废水自动监测过程中要注意的关键点,并重点阐述了废水自动监测系统核查的内容和要点,列举了一些核查实例进行解析。     

水污染源在线比对监测问题解析

对水污染源在线设备的比对监测进行实例解析,总结了比对监测中易出现的问题及相应对策,以期对企业在线仪器的维护管理提供一定的指导和建议,强化环保管理部门的监管和企业自行监控。     

小议火电厂总量减排核查要点

从资料核查、在线监测设备核查、集控系统核查及现场核查4个环节详细介绍了火电厂总量减排现场核查的要点。对核查中出现的问题进行总结及分析,为同类环境管理工作提供参考。     

工业园区水污染源精细化管控系统的应用

针对工业园区污水排放监管问题,以北京某园区为例,提出了水污染源精细化管控方案。按照多级防控的思路,在企业级、管网级、园区级建成在线监测系统和精细化管控平台,实现园区水环境监管的全覆盖,有效监控企业排污动态,实时掌握园区污水排放状况,为企业、园区管理部门和环保管理部门提供决策支持。     

城镇污水处理厂TOC与COD相关性分析及应用

通过在线TOC水质自动分析仪方法与实验室COD方法比对，建立TOC-COD一元线性回归方程，且将其应用到上海市44家污水处理厂出水中TOC与COD值的转换，并在污水处理厂进行在线TOC水质自动分析仪及在线COD水质自动分析仪监测值比对实验。结果表明,TOC-COD一元线性回归方程相关系数r为 0.963，废水中TOC与COD值线性显著相关，通过上述回归方程将在线TOC水质自动分析仪监测值转化COD监测值与在线COD水质自动仪监测值进行相对误差比较，88.4％的数据满足《水污染源在线监测系统安装技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 355－2007）规范要求；用上述转换方程换算上海市44家污水处理厂TOC值得到的COD值与实验室COD值进行误差计算， 87.3%的数据满足上述规范要求，验证了在线TOC值转换COD值在污水行业的适用性。     

VOCs在线监测系统与SUMMA罐采样-气质联用法的比对分析

将挥发性有机污染物在线监测系统与实验室内SUMMA罐采样气质联用法(GC-MS)的挥发性有机物分析进行了标准气体和实际空气样品的分析比对,并对偏差原因作分析,提出在线监测系统的维护建议。结果表明,挥发性有机物在线监测系统的监测结果与实验室方法有一定的可比性,可用于大气中挥发性有机污染物的在线监测。     

废水COD在线监测系统现场比对试验及管理的几点建议

通过分析总结辽宁省废水COD在线监测系统试点工作中在线监测系统的安装、验收、现场实际样品的比对分析,以及试运行过程中存在的问题,就今后废水在线监测系统的运行与管理提出相应的建议.     

Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) monitoring system, based on electrochemically-active bacteria in combination with a microbial fuel cell, has been developed for the purpose of on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring of practical wastewater. A microbial fuel cell that had been enriched with electrochemically-active bacteria was used as the basis of the measurement system. When synthetic wastewater was fed to the system, the current generation pattern and its Coulombic yield were found to be dependent on the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater were established. Real wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant also produced a highly linear correlation between the Coulombic yield and BOD5 in the system. To examine on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring capability, the BOD monitoring system was installed at a sewage treatment plant. Over 60 days, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability with the measuring period for a sample being 45 min. This application showed that the application of the measurement system was a rapid and practical way for the determination of BOD5 in water industries.     

On-Line Adaptive and Nonlinear Process Monitoring of a Pilot-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor

This article describes the application of on-line nonlinear monitoring of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Three-way batch data of SBR are unfolded batch-wisely, and then a adaptive and nonlinear multivariate monitoring method is used to capture the nonlinear characteristics of normal batches. The approach is successfully applied to an 80 L SBR for biological wastewater treatment, where the SBR poses an interesting challenge in view of process monitoring since it is characterized by nonstationary, batchwise, multistage, and nonlinear dynamics. In on-line batch monitoring, the developed adaptive and nonlinear process monitoring method can effectively capture the nonlinear relationship among process variables of a biological process in a SBR. The results of this pilot-scale SBR monitoring system using simple on-line measurements clearly demonstrated that the adaptive and nonlinear monitoring technique showed lower false alarm rate and physically meaningful, that is, robust monitoring results.     

环境在线监测监控管理与发布系统

阐述了省级环境在线监测监控管理与发布系统的组成及功能特点,介绍了采用GPRS无线数据传输方式,对水、气、污染源等环境在线监测自动化系统进行数据采集、统计与GIS发布的实现方式,指出其具有传输速率高、延时小、实时性强、建设方便、费用低廉等显著优点。     

集中式饮用水水源地水质预警指标体系构建

饮用水水源地水质预警是建立健全饮用水安全保障体系的关键环节,构建水源地水质预警指标体系是水源地监控预警工作的重要基础。系统分析了常规水质在线、生物毒性在线、卫星遥感、人工巡视等水质预警监测技术手段,并分析比较了各方法的优缺点。以此为基础,遵循水源地预警指标体系构建原则与实际需求,统筹兼顾,提出了建立以常规理化-生物毒性在线监测相结合,遥感监测与人工巡查相统筹的一体化水源地水质预警指标体系,为水源地水质预警监控工作提供合理的、科学的技术支撑。     

污染源在线监控系统平台应用过程质量控制

根据质量管理的要求,结合污染源在线监控的特殊性,探讨了如何根据国家环境监测的质量管理体系,通过在线监控系统平台实现在线监测的质量管理目标,并提出了在线监控系统的质量控制指标体系及解决方案.     

Adaptive Consensus Principal Component Analysis for On-Line Batch Process Monitoring

As the regulations of effluent quality are increasingly stringent, the on-line monitoring of wastewater treatment processes becomes very important. Multivariate statistical process control such as principal component analysis (PCA) has found wide applications in process fault detection and diagnosis using measurement data. In this work, we propose a consensus PCA algorithm for adaptive wastewater treatment process monitoring. The method overcomes the problem of changing operating conditions by updating the covariance structure recursively. The algorithm does not require any estimation compared to typical multiway PCA models. With this method process disturbances are detected in real time and the responsible measurements are directly identified. The presented methodology is successfully applied to a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor for wastewater treatment.     

生物监测技术在工业废水监测领域的应用研究

生物监测可以系统反映污染物对生物生长的影响及其在生物体内的转化和迁移,在水环境监测与生态健康管理中的重要性日益突出。伴随着工业化的快速发展,中国水环境污染问题依然严峻,工业废水治理和排放问题仍旧突出。为进一步保障工业废水出水及受纳水体水质安全,迫切需要在工业废水监测中引入生物监测技术。对传统微生物群落监测法、水生生物毒性监测法和基于分子生物学技术的微生群落监测法等在工业废水监测领域的研究及应用进行了综述,并对存在的问题进行了总结。建议后续进一步完善工业废水生物监测体系时,参考国外成熟经验,制定出符合国内需求及特征的工业废水生物监测方法与评价标准,以便更好地掌握工业区整体环境健康及污染状况。