总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数及化学需氧量的相关性

叙述了研究总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数及化学需氧量相关关系的目的。利用松花江吉林江段 1983年～ 1998年获取的总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数监测资料 ,经统计分析得出该江段总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数及化学需氧量之间有较好的相关性 :高锰酸盐指数 =0 82×总有机碳 ;化学需氧量 =2 2×总有机碳     

高锰酸盐指数测定条件控制

高锰酸盐指数测定条件控制周艳凤，翁燕波，肖国起（浙江宁波市环境监测站，３１５０００）由于在规定的条件下，水中的有机物只能部分被氧化，并不是理论上的需氧量，也不是反映水体总有机物含量的尺度，因此，高锰酸盐指数是一个相对的条件性指标。其测定结果与溶液的酸...     

浅谈水质CODcr、CODMn和BOD5三者之间的关系

根据长期工作实践，总结出水质化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和生物需氧量三者之间的关系．     

不同水质目标下居延海(东)水环境容量分析

分析居延海(东)水环境容量及变化趋势,为居延海(东)的水资源利用及保护提供依据。根据水质监测数据,运用数学模型计算居延海(东)2018-2020年不同水质目标下的化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、总磷和总氮的最大容量。结果表明:居延海(东)水质常年保持在Ⅳ~Ⅴ类之间;在Ⅱ类水质目标下,4项水质指标容量均超载,特别是化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数严重超载;Ⅲ类水质目标下,化学需氧量和总氮超载,高锰酸盐指数和总磷有部分剩余容量;化学需氧量的现状水质容量已超过Ⅳ类水质目标的容量,是居延海(东)的主要污染因子。     

水质化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和生化需氧量之间的关系

在我国 ,对工业废水和生活污水的化学需氧量测定主要采用重铬酸钾法 ,对清洁水和轻度污染的地表水多用高锰酸钾法 (高锰酸盐指数 )。由于测定体系酸碱度的不同 ,高锰酸钾法又有酸性法与碱性法之分。生化需氧量是一项测定耗氧量的生物方法 ,相对地表示水样中微生物可分解的有机物量。一般对于同一水样 ,ＣＯＤ、酸性高锰酸盐指数(酸性法 )、碱性高锰酸盐指数 (碱性法 )和ＢＯＤ5 这4个测试数值之间存在以下 3种数量关系 ,了解这些基本关系对分析测试工作有较大的帮助。1　酸性高锰酸盐指数 >碱性高锰酸盐指数高锰酸钾的氧化能力随溶液的酸碱…     

地面水高锰酸盐指数与重铬酸钾法相关关系的探讨

化学需氧量与高锰酸盐指数这两个相似而不相同的概念提出后,反映在地面水水质分析评价上就产生了精确与粗略的问题。以往地面水中有机物、还原性污染物的指标是以高锰酸盐指数为依据的,由于高锰酸盐指数在规定条件下,水中有机物只能部分被氧化,并不是理论上的需氧量,也不是反映水体中总有机物含量的尺度,而重铬酸钾法对大多数有机化合物氧化程度可达到理论值的95％～100％,因此用重铬酸钾法分析地面水反映水体还原性物质与有机物的污染更能说明问题,就分析方法而言,高锰酸盐指数较重铬酸钾法有测试简单、快速、经济的优点。鉴于这两方面的因素,对高锰酸盐指数和重铬酸钾法进行对比分析,研究其相关性,建立关系式,用高锰酸盐指数直接估算COD,达到较直观、准确地反映水体有机污染现状的目的。     

艾比湖高背景指标对湖体水环境的影响

为了说清楚艾比湖水环境情况,本文以现行地表水环境质量标准评价艾比湖流域2005—2018年水质状况及湖水主要污染指标变化情况;结合周边环境污染源调查判定艾比湖为自然因素影响水体,指出艾比湖湖水超标的原因主要为天然背景值较高;探究了不同浓度的氯离子对高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量检测的影响,提出现行国标测定方法不适用艾比湖高盐卤水的高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量检测的结论;基于本研究建议国家有关部门加强关注盐湖环境质量,建立适当的盐湖卤水监测和评价方法。     

黑龙江流域水环境背景值研究进展

黑龙江流域地处世界三大黑土区之一的中国东北平原，土壤腐殖质含量高，这些腐殖质随着地面径流进入水体，成为流域溶解性有机物（DOM）的自然本底（环境背景）。自然本底的存在导致流域水质有机污染综合指标不能真实反映流域的人为污染，流域背景区内高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量背景值范围分别为3.0~11.7、14.3~40.5 mg/L。流域部分水质考核断面水质受到有机质背景值的影响。由于叠加人为污染，定量分析高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量背景值范围存在很大难度。重金属元素相对稳定，相对于"六五"时期重金属背景值，目前水体中重金属含量普遍升高。结合水环境管理需求，背景值研究成果应用于水环境管理还需要进一步深入研究和实践。笔者在综述黑龙江流域水环境背景值研究基础上，总结目前存在的问题，提出水环境背景值研究建议，为科学客观评价流域水质提供参考。     

高锰酸盐指数测定方法的探讨

高锰酸盐指数测定方法的探讨张葭冬（江苏南通市环境监测站，南通２２６００６）本法测定高锰酸盐指数时，用直火加热煮沸１０分钟代替传统的水浴加热３０分钟作了对照试验。结果，高锰酸盐指数含量为２８３～３２４ｍｇ／Ｌ的１０个水样，每个样品测定值绝对误差小于...     

无汞盐光度法快速测定化学需氧量

无汞盐光度法快速测定化学需氧量赵钦勋，杨维鹏，王淑丽（胶州市环保局２６６３００）化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）的测定普遍用重铬酸钾法（标准法）［１］．此法测定时间长、试剂用量大，还要使用剧毒物质硫酸汞来掩蔽氯离子，但掩蔽效果并不理想。为此研究和实验了无汞盐光度...     

石油化工工业区区域废水中COD_（Cr）和COD_（Mn）的相关性研究

连续同时监测天津市大港石化发展规划区区域废水中的ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ，并考查其线性相关性后得出ＣＯＤＣｒ＝４．９６ＣＯＤＭｎ＋１１６．３，相关系数为０．７５０。该回归方程适用于类似石油化工工业区区域废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ间的换算     

地表水BOD_5的快速预测预报

地表水五日生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的测试需要五天时间，分析周期较长。本文建立了ＢＯＤ５与高锰酸盐指数（ＣＯＤＭｎ）、ＢＯＤ５与溶解氧（ＤＯ）之间的直线回归方程，通过测定地表水的ＣＯＤＭｎ和ＤＯ可分别对地表水的ＢＯＤ５实现快速预测预报。现场使用溶解氧测定仪检测ＤＯ，可立即预报地表水的ＢＯＤ５。     

海河下游水体中DO与NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)相关关系探讨

本文应用近年来海河下游监测数据对ＤＯ与ＮＨ３Ｎ和ＣＯＤＭｎ进行一元线性回归，得到两回归方程：ＮＨ３Ｎ＝－１２８ＤＯ＋１０５４；ＣＯＤＭｎ＝－１１３ＤＯ＋１６９２。并经相关系数和回归系数显著性检验，表明在９９９％的置信水平下ＤＯ与ＮＨ３Ｎ和ＣＯＤＭｎ线性相关均极其显著     

高浓度氯离子水样CODMn的测定

介绍了测定高浓度氯离子水样CODMn的一种新方法。本方法利用乙酸银去除氯离子的干扰，在一定的条件下，用高锰酸钾作为氧化剂和自身指标剂，用草酸钠还原过量的高锰酸钾，通过计算求出CODMn值，本文法适用范围更广。     

伊犁河水质中CODCr和CODMn的相关性探讨

对伊犁河水质中CODCr与CODMn的相关性进行了讨论。     

Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.     

Performance of an electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor with an electrode-surface grinding unit

An electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor using an electrode-surface grinding unit was investigated. The electrolyzing (oxidizing) action of copper on an organic species was used as the basis of the COD measuring sensor. Using a simple three-electrode cell and a surface grinding unit, the organic species is activated by the catalytic action of copper and oxidized at a working electrode, poised at a positive potential. When synthetic wastewater was fed into the system, the measured Coulombic yields were found to be dependent on the COD of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the COD of the synthetic wastewater was established (10-1000 mg L(-1)) when the electrode-surface grinding procedure was activated briefly at 8 h intervals. When various kinds of wastewater samples obtained from various sewage treatment plants were measured, linear correlations (r(2)> or = 0.92) between the measured EOD (electrochemical oxygen demand) value and COD of the samples were observed. At a practical wastewater treatment plant, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability over 3 months. These experimental results show that the application of the measurement system would be a rapid and practical method for the determination of COD in water industries.     

CODMn重新稀释取样体积的推定

对原CODMn法测地表水二次取样体积进行了推导，建立了实际适用取样体积公式，具有一定的适用性。     

Welding fumes from stainless steel gas metal arc processes contain multiple manganese chemical species

Fumes from a group of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes used on stainless steel were generated using three different metal transfer modes and four different shield gases. The objective was to identify and measure manganese (Mn) species in the fumes, and identify processes that are minimal generators of Mn species. The robotic welding system was operated in short-circuit (SC) mode (Ar/CO2 and He/Ar), axial spray (AXS) mode (Ar/O2 and Ar/CO2), and pulsed axial-spray (PAXS) mode (Ar/O2). The fumes were analyzed for Mn by a sequential extraction process followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis, and by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Total elemental Mn, iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) were separately measured after aqua regia digestion and ICP-AES analysis. Soluble Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ in a simple biological buffer (phosphate-buffered saline) were determined at pH 7.2 and 5.0 after 2 h incubation at 37 C by ion chromatography. Results indicate that Mn was present in soluble form, acid-soluble form, and acid-soluble form after reduction by hydroxylamine, which represents soluble Mn0 and Mn2+ compounds, other Mn2+ compounds, and (Mn3+ and Mn4+) compounds, respectively. The dominant fraction was the acid-soluble Mn2+ fraction, but results varied with the process and shield gas. Soluble Mn mass percent in the fume ranged from 0.2 to 0.9%, acid-soluble Mn2+ compounds ranged from 2.6 to 9.3%, and acid plus reducing agent-soluble (Mn3+ and Mn4+) compounds ranged from 0.6 to 5.1%. Total Mn composition ranged from 7 to 15%. XRD results showed fumes had a crystalline content of 90-99% Fe3O4, and showed evidence of multiple Mn oxides, but overlaps and weak signals limited identification. Small amounts of the Mn2+ in the fume (<0.01 to ≈ 1% or <0.1 to ≈ 10 microg ml(-1)) and Ni2+ (<0.01 to ≈ 0.2% or <0.1 to ≈ 2 mg ml(-1)) ions were found in biological buffer media, but amounts were highly dependent on pH and the welding process. Mn generation rates for the fractions were tabulated, and the influence of ozone is discussed. The conclusions are that exposures to welding fumes include multiple Mn species, both soluble and insoluble, and that exposures to Mn species vary with specific processes and shield gases.     

Characterization of landfill leachates and studies on heavy metal removal

This study covers a thorough characterisation of landfill leachates emerging from a sanitary landfill area. The landfill leachates were obtained in the acidic stage of landfill stabilisation. Their organic content was high as reflected by the high BOD5 (5 day biological oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) values. They were also highly polluted in terms of the parameters TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), NH4-N, alkalinity, hardness and heavy metals. Nickel was present in these wastewaters at a significant concentration. With regard to the high heavy metal content of these wastewaters, several physicochemical removal alternatives for the heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Mn and Fe were tested using coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, base addition and aeration. Additionally, COD removal and ammonia stripping were examined. Co-precipitation with either alum or iron salts did not usually lead to significantly higher heavy metal removal than lime alone. The major methods leading to an effective heavy metal removal were aeration and lime addition. Nickel and cadmium seemed to be strongly complexed and were not removed by any method. Also lead removal proved to be difficult. The results are also discussed in terms of compliance with standards.