典型产业集聚区地下水优先控制污染物筛选

为明确地下水污染高风险区环境管控目标，快速识别优先控制污染物，于2022年以典型产业集聚区为研究对象，利用污染源产排污状况和地下水基础环境状况调查结果，将污染评价和环境风险相结合，优选污染源超标率、地下水环境污染等级、生物毒性参数和环境迁移转化参数作为筛选因子，利用层次分析法和综合分析法，计算各污染指标综合得分，建立筛选地下水优先控制污染物的方法体系。筛选结果显示，该产业集聚区的优先控制污染物相关指标包括：硝酸盐、耗氧量、石油类、总硬度、亚硝酸盐、镍、锌、硫酸盐、甲苯、氨氮等。筛选结果与园区主导行业产排污特征和地下水质量现状相符，具有一定的可靠性，可为科学、精准管控高风险区地下水质量提供依据。     

淮河流域江苏平原区浅层地下水污染分析

以淮河流域江苏平原区浅层地下水为研究对象，通过对当地影响较大的污染源调查采样，分析了该地区所采602组水样的无机和有机污染状况。研究表明，区内浅层地下水无机污染较严重，基本形成面状污染，地下水超标率高达83．4％，超标率最高为碘化物。有机污染物检出率34．2％，主要包括二氯甲烷、萘和1，2-二氯乙烷等，以点状分布为主。在此基础上阐述了大气降水、污水灌溉、农业施肥以及地下水开采等人类活动对浅层地下水的影响和污染状况。     

小清河水体和沿岸地下水中有机污染物的监测及其毒性分析

本文对小清河水体和沿岸地下水中的有机污染物进行了色－质联用分析，共检出有机污染物１３类９３种。并对其毒性效应进行了分析和评价。     

某化工园区地下水污染迁移及控制数值模拟研究

某化工园区潜水中氟化物超标,为控制受污染地下水扩散,沿下游河堤修建防渗帷幕。通过分析研究区水文地质条件,应用FEFLOW 7.0建立地下水数值模型,预测防渗帷幕修建前后受污染地下水迁移情况,并评估防渗帷幕污染控制效果。结果表明：化工园区受污染地下水在以粉砂、粉细砂等岩性为主的潜水含水层中迁移速度快,第200天时污染物对源强附近及下游大片范围地下水造成污染;在污染源下游沿堤修建防渗帷幕短期虽可有效阻断污染物持续迁移,但会导致污染物在帷幕前端聚集,一段时间后地下水污染羽会绕过防渗帷幕发生渗流污染,须配合其他治理措施综合控制地下水污染。     

美国Surfer 8.0软件在地下水环境质量评价中的应用

通过Surfer 8.0软件在某地地下水环境评价中的应用实例,重点阐述了其在浅层地下水污染物浓度空间分布图绘制、地下水质量分区图绘制、地下水污染分区图绘制、区域地下水污染趋势分析、地下水污染原因分析等方面的应用。     

用健康总环境影响度评价地下水有机物污染

用健康总环境影响度评价地下水有机物污染潘绍先，解静芳（山西大学环境科学系，太原０３０００６）地下水有机物的系统检测已有报导［１］，但对地下水有机污染物的系统定量评价，在我国至今很少见报导。从水中检出的单个有机污染物含量可能甚微，但其数量有数十种甚至数...     

南通市深层地下水中氨氮的影响因素研究

运用相关性分析、因子分析及多元线性回归模型对南通市2020—2021年15个监测井第Ⅲ承压层地下水的监测数据进行分析，研究深层地下水中氨氮的主要影响因素。结果表明，氨氮的主要来源是地下水沉积物中有机质的矿化及一部分工业开采引入的氮污染，地下水的还原性环境是氨氮赋存的主要成因；地下水中As、Fe及总硬度含量的同时增加也能反映氨氮含量的提高；硝态氮（NO-3-N）与NH3-N在深层地下水中是竞争关系，当地下水环境处于还原性时，更易于NH3-N的富集。降低深层地下水中氨氮的主要方法是减少有机污染物输入及还原性废水的入渗。     

徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究

在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。     

无锡市地下水环境质量调查与评价

为了解无锡市地下水水质状况,于2010年10—12月对无锡地区145口地下水井进行采样分析。以地理信息系统为技术手段,对不同土地利用类型和地下水类型的水污染物监测结果进行综合评价。结果表明,无锡全市地下水达标率为45.52%,整体水质情况处于"较好"级别;NH3-N、Mn和Fe为无锡市地下水的主要污染物;无锡市农业和建设用地区域地下水的污染程度整体要高于水体和林地区域;承压层的地下水污染较为严重。提出,无锡市管理部门应根据地下水污染现状,对地下水资源进行动态监测(包括水量和水质监测),并采取强有力的保护与治理措施,以实现区域水资源的持续利用。     

下辽河平原区域地下水典型污染物的筛选

结合潜在危害指数评价方法和加权评分方法,构建了新的地下水中典型污染物的筛选方法,并应用于下辽河平原区域地下水典型污染物的筛选。将急性基准浓度值(CMC)和慢性基准浓度值(CCC)引入潜在危害指数评价中;鉴于潜在危害指数法不考虑化合物的环境浓度,将潜在危害指数法与加权评分法相结合,引进平均浓度、检出频次等影响因素,计算不同污染物加权评分结果;通过聚类分析,筛选出典型污染物。研究表明,下辽河平原区域地下水中筛选出的典型污染物包括:As、NH+4、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、溴二氯甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、1,1-二氯乙烯、α-六六六、p,p'-滴滴滴、p,p'-滴滴伊、苯并(a)芘。     

南海油田开发环境影响实例分析

陆丰22-1是中国第一个正式弃置的海上油田,处于南海330m深水区.分析开发前期、中期及末期油田附近海域表层海水、表层沉积物和底栖甲壳类体内石油烃含量数据,结果表明油田附近海域环境质量较好,油田开发对环境的主要污染影响是表层海水和底栖生物体内石油类污染物质含量有所升高,尚未见生活污水和食品废弃物的排放对环境造成影响的迹...     

新疆地表水水质现状分析

以2008年新疆环保系统的水质例行监测结果为基础，分析了新疆地表水水质现状。结果显示，全疆57条监测河流Ⅰ～Ⅲ类优良水质断面比例为81．9％，29座监测湖库Ⅰ～Ⅲ类优良水质比例为55．2％，总体上全疆地表水污染尚不严重，水质污染主要集中在少数流经城市河流的下游河段以及尾间湖和纳污水库，且不同区域间的水体污染程度和比例存在一定差别。     

潜水含水层水位观测孔水位伪变化的观测与分析

结合CIRP试验场包气带的介质结构及渗透性特征，在S9孔进行了短期的孔中水位、孔口气压和温度测量，测量结果表明，观测孔水位波动与大气压变化有关，水位波动具有伪变化。水位伪变化对于试验场潜水位的监测有一定影响，因此，应对带有伪变化的水位观测结果进行必要的修正，以反映潜水位的真实动态。     

准噶尔盆地荒漠区工程建设与水土流失的关系初探

新疆北部的准噶尔盆地的荒漠地区是生态环境脆弱地区,环境极易遭到破坏,随着建设项目的增加,由于工程建设引起的水土流失现象也逐渐增多.目前对该问题的研究尚需深入.本文通过对准噶尔盆地荒漠地区工程建设与水土流失的关系的分析,并借鉴其它地区的经验,指出新疆北部的荒漠地区由于环境脆弱,各类工程均可引发水土流失, 工程建设引起的水土流失也能影响工程本身的安全,工程建设应采取措施,防止水土流失,促进环境保护与经济发展.     

Simulating Nitrate Leaching Profiles in a Highly Permeable Vadose Zone

An approach is developed to simulate leaching of a dissolved chemical constituent in the vadose zone of an aquifer. Specifically, nitrate loading at the water table for different water table depths, for a range of aquifer permeability values, and for different cases of heterogeneity of the aquifer, are considered. Models from the literature are first used to derive soil–water characteristic curves (water retention and hydraulic conductivity) from a grain size distribution curve for unsaturated conditions. Given infiltration from the surface, the initial conditions for the chemical concentration, and the water content profile, leaching of the chemical in the vadose zone is simulated as a function of both time and depth. The methodology is illustrated for a permeable aquifer. Simulations are undertaken using a finite element code for saturated and unsaturated flow. Different scenarios are simulated depending on the heterogeneity of the aquifer and the depth of the water table. Modeling results show that in the example case studied, nitrate concentration loading at the water table does not depend strongly on the position of the water table, but rather on the material properties of the aquifer. The contribution of this endeavor resides in the methodology which allows a prediction of nitrate leaching using only the grain size property of the aquifer. It allows practitioners to obtain a first assessment of leaching with limited data.     

Conjunctive Vadose and Saturated Zone Monitoring for Subsurface Contamination

A comprehensive subsurface monitoring program should include contaminant detectors in both the vadose and saturated zones. Vadose zone detectors can provide an early warning of an impending groundwater contamination problem, and also yield information relevant to placing groundwater monitoring wells. Moisture probes, gas monitoring wells, and pore-liquid samplers deployed in the vadose zone complement groundwater detection wells. The objective(s) of a monitoring program, spatial-scales, and hydrogeology are important considerations for designing subsurface monitoring networks. Often, these networks are used to detect potential releases or characterize existing contamination beneath land-based waste storage facilities. A case study in Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A., illustrates the utility of vadose zone monitoring in characterizing a gasoline contamination problem and guiding the placement of groundwater monitoring wells.     

乌鲁木齐市地表水环境问题及对策

根据乌鲁木齐市地表水各自的功能划分,分别对其达标情况进行评价,找出影响水域功能达标的主要污染物,并对其污染来源进行分析,最后提出防止地表水污染的对策与建议。     

The placement strategies of structural best management practices for different moving rainstorms

Hydrological responses and pollutant exports are always highly related to rainfall characteristics. Many studies have demonstrated that the influence of moving rainstorm on flows and mass transport process in hydrologic systems cannot be ignored. Best management practices (BMPs) are popularly applied for controlling water quantity and water quality in a watershed. Since the movements of rainstorm can influence watershed responses, BMP placement strategies should be suitably adjusted in different moving rainstorms. This study designed an intermediate rainfall pattern with varied movement behavior and tried to find the optimal BMP placement strategies, which cannot only satisfy environmental standards but also improve economic benefits, for the rainfall events. The result shows that the control efficiency of pollutant and runoff can highly improve when the BMPs are set near the outlet of a watershed. Since the economic efficiency is always regarded as an important factor, the BMP placement strategy is significant for watershed conservation and management.     

Ambiental dust speciation and metal content variation in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in urban atmospheric air of Harare (Zimbabwe)

The effects of timber harvesting on stream water quality and efficiency of alternate streamside management zones were evaluated in Pockwock Lake and Five Mile Lake watersheds in central Nova Scotia, Canada. The streamside management zone (SMZ) included a 20 m no cut, 20 m select cut and a 30 m select cut buffer strips along the stream. Water quality of eight streams, six in harvested and two in not-harvested watersheds were monitored for two years before and two years after the harvesting of timber. Nonparametric statistical tests on stream water quality showed that there was significant change in the concentration of potassium in six streams, manganese in five streams, zinc in two streams and total nitrogen in one stream after timber harvesting. There was no significant change in the quality of water in two streams used as control sites in the neighboring watersheds of similar size and hydrological characteristics. The results show that forest management practices were most favorable in streams maintained with 30 m select cut followed by 20 m no cut and 20 m select cut SMZ. The streamside zone width and treatment of select cut or no cut in the zone played an important role in filtering or retaining the minerals in surface water runoff. In buffer zones of similar width, the buffer zone with no cut or forested buffer was relatively more effective at protecting stream water quality than select cut SMZ. The vegetation in the zone may have decreased the flow velocity and increased residence time and thus increased filtration and retention of minerals in the riparian soil.     

短时强降雨下平原区域浅层地下水入渗补给规律研究

以豫东平原惠北试验区为研究区域,根据研究区域包气带土壤蓄水库容、土壤前期含水量、地表径流、潜水蒸发量等资料数据计算地下水入渗补给规律,确定降雨对地下水的补给系数.研究结果显示:单次短时强降雨条件下,降雨强度与研究区域浅层地下水入渗补给系数呈反比例关系;当降雨强度一致时降雨量与研究区域浅层地下水入渗补给系数呈正比例关系,在降雨强度低于15 mm/h的条件下,降雨量主要用于补充包气带缺失的水分和土壤、作物、植物等的蒸发蒸腾消耗,无法对研究区域浅层地下水进行有效补给.