导数同步荧光法测定绿藻叶绿素a浓度

建立了绿藻中叶绿素a的导数同步荧光检测法。该方法快速、简便,不需要复杂的前处理。叶绿素a的线性范围为0.02～125μg/L,检出限为0.25μg/L,回收率为97.0%～103.8%。     

蘑菇湖水库浮游植物与富营养化关系初探

根据在蘑菇湖一个水文年度进行的7次调查结果,研究了蘑菇湖浮游植物群落生态学的主要变化(包括数量、种类组成、优势种类、季节变化、多样性指数和初级生产力),年平均总数为1138万个/升,年数量变动曲线为夏季的一个蓝藻高峰,而且数量大,延续时间长,冬季以蓝藻和绿藻占优势,夏季转为以蓝藻、硅藻占优势。结果表明,蘑菇湖的富营养化现象在调查的14个月中都存在。     

水源水除藻研究中藻类监测方法的选用

对显微计数和叶绿素α测定两种主要藻类的监测方法进行了简要评述，提出在水源水除藻研究中应针对不同的除藻机制，采取不同的藻类监测方法。化学氧化除藻大都使用强氧化剂，将它们投入含藻的水体后，能穿透藻类细胞壁，扩散至细胞内部氧化叶绿素，使藻类代谢终止、死亡，故宜采用叶绿素α法。生物法除藻是利用生物对藻类的吸附、捕食和分解等作用去除藻类，则应采用计数法。     

水体中藻类叶绿素a提取方法的比较

考察超声波法、反复冻融法、热乙醇法对小球藻和微囊藻中叶绿素a的提取效果,并与标准方法作比对。结果表明,4种提取方法中,标准方法对藻类提取效果稍逊,热乙醇法对小球藻的提取效果好,而超声波法和反复冻融法对微囊藻的提取效果好。建议针对不同水体中的优势藻类,标准方法可结合热乙醇法和超声波法,用乙醇替换丙酮作为叶绿素a的提取溶剂,并增加超声波破碎步骤,以提高叶绿素a的提取效率。     

Cd,Cr, Cu,Pb, and Zn concentrations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ulva lactuca,Codium fragile,Jania rubens,</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dictyota dichotoma</Emphasis> from Rabta Bay,Jijel (Algeria)

Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined in algae samples collected from the Rabta Bay in the Mediterranean Sea, Algeria. The levels of heavy metals in the macroalgae, Ulva lactuca, Codium fragile (green algae), Jania rubens (red algae), and Dictyota dichotoma (brown algae) recorded high concentrations except for Cd. Moreover, Zn was the most predominant metal in the seaweeds. The obtained HM contents indicate that different species demonstrate various degree of metal accumulation and the obtained higher values in site 1 of the studied zone can be attributed to the discharge influence of two rivers (Mouttas and Larayeche Rivers), entering the Mediterranean Sea and local pollutant emissions. The abundance of heavy metal concentrations in the macroalgae samples was found in the order below: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd from the studied zone. The highest amounts of heavy metals in algae samples were Cd, Cu, and Pb in brown algae, and Cr and Zn in green and brown algae from the studied zone (Rabta Bay).     

Detection of amount and activity of living algae in fresh water by dehydrogenase activity (DHA)

A study was performed to determine the amount and activity of living algae in fresh water by measuring the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of algae in order to provide a method to assess the effect of algicide treatment. The conditions of measurement were researched with respect to incubating temperature and duration, and selection of extractants. The comparison between this method and an alternative method, chlorophyll a, shows that this method is simple and easy to practice, and can determine the effect of algicide treatment.     

Copper, Copper Mining Effluents and Grazing as Potential Determinants of Algal Abundance and Diversity in Northern Chile

We experimentally tested threealternative hypotheses to explain the low algaldiversity and abundance in an intertidal zonereceiving the effluents of the copper mine El Salvadorin northern Chile. Our results demonstrated thatalgae were able to grow at the levels of dissolvedcopper detected in coastal waters of the area. Duringthe assays, growth and regeneration in several red,green and brown adult algae and juvenile Lessonia nigrescens were normal at copper levels of150 g L^-1 or, in some cases, higher. Wealso found that the coastal sea water mixed with theeffluent was not lethal to algae, although in somecases minor effects on growth were detected. Theseresults indicate that today's low algal diversity andabundance can not be explained by the current copperlevels in the area nor by the effect of the effluent.Exclusion of grazers, however, resulted in a fastcolonization by various algal species. This, togetherwith atypically high grazer density at the areas underthe influence of the effluent, strongly suggests thatherbivory, a factor not directly related to the miningoperation, is likely to be responsible for the lowalgal diversity and abundance in the studied locality.     

Relations of Habitat-Specific Algal Assemblages to Land Use and Water Chemistry in the Willamette Basin, Oregon

Benthic algal assemblages, water chemistry, and habitat were characterized at 25 stream sites in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, during low flow in 1994. Seventy-three algal samples yielded 420 taxa — mostly diatoms, blue-green algae, and green algae. Algal assemblages from depositional samples were strongly dominated by diatoms (76% mean relative abundance), whereas erosional samples were dominated by blue-green algae (68% mean relative abundance).Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of semiquantitative and qualitative (presence/absence) data sets identified four environmental variables (maximum specific conductance, % open canopy, pH, and drainage area) that were significant in describing patterns of algal taxa among sites. Based on CCA, four groups of sites were identified: streams in forested basins that supported oligotrophic taxa, such as Diatoma mesodon;small streams in agricultural and urban basins that contained a variety of eutrophic and nitrogen-heterotrophic algal taxa; larger rivers draining areas of mixed land use that supported planktonic, eutrophic, and nitrogen-heterotrophic algal taxa; and streams with severely degraded or absent riparian vegetation (> 75% open canopy) that were dominated by other planktonic, eutrophic, and nitrogen-heterotrophic algal taxa. Patterns in water chemistry were consistent with the algal autecological interpretations and clearly demonstrated relationships between land use, water quality, and algal distribution patterns.     

太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群季节演替特征及驱动因子分析

为探明太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群季节演替规律及其主要驱动因子,于2019年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2020年1月(冬季)采样分析了太阳山湿地浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度、生物量及季节变化,同时测定了水环境理化因子指标,采用冗余分析方法研究了浮游植物优势功能群的优势度、丰度与水环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:太阳山湿地浮游植物可分为22个功能类群;优势功能群的季节演替和空间分异特征明显,存在一定的规律性。春、秋、冬3个季节的浮游植物以硅藻门为主,夏季以绿藻门和蓝藻门为主。春季优势功能群主要为D、C、P,以硅藻门种类为主;夏季优势功能群主要为J、Lo、TC、M、H1,以硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门种类为主;秋季优势功能群主要为D、S1、MP,以硅藻门、绿藻门种类为主;冬季优势功能群主要为D、X3,以硅藻门种类为主。影响太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群季节演替的水环境因子有水温(WT)、pH、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、盐度(Sal)、氮磷营养元素含量、化学需氧量(COD_Cr)和高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)。4个湖区浮游植物优势功能群的时空差异与水环境因子密切相关,其中,西湖区浮游植物优势功能群的季节演替驱动因子为pH、DO、WT、总磷(TP),东湖区为pH、DO、WT、氮磷营养元素含量,南湖区为pH、DO、COD_Cr、五日生化需氧量(BOD₅),小南湖区为pH、DO、WT、BOD₅、COD_Cr、TP。pH、DO、WT、BOD₅、SD等水环境因子的季节差异以及TP、TN、氨氮(NH₃-N)、COD_Mn等水环境因子的湖区差异是太阳山湿地浮游植物优势功能群出现季节演替的主要原因。     

Biomonitoring study of heavy metals in biota and sediments in the South Eastern coast of Mediterranean sea, Egypt

Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Mn and Fe were determined in biota and sediment samples collected from the Eastern Harbour and El-Mex Bay in the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. The levels of Cu, Co, Zn, Mn and Fe in the macroalgae, Ulva lactuca, Enteromorpha compressa (green algae) and Jania rubens (red algae), recorded high concentrations except for Cd. Moreover, Fe was the most predominant metal in the seaweed. The two species of bivalves, Donax trunculus and Paphia textile, showed different amounts of metals in their tissue. The abundance of heavy metal concentrations in the mussel samples was found in the order Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Co> Cd and Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Cd> Co, respectively for the two species. The metals concentrations were generally higher compared with the previous studies in mussels from the same area. The levels of metals accumulated in the investigated fish samples, Saurida undosquamis, Siganus rivulatus, Lithognathus mormyrus and Sphyraena sphyraena, were higher than those of Marmara Sea (Turkey), for Co and Cd and lower for Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. El-Mex Bay having the highest metals concentration in sediments as their order of abundance were Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu> Cd> Co. Nevertheless, a high variability in the metal levels occurs among the studied algae and biota and also between the investigated Harbour. A significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found for each of Zn and Fe in P. textile and of Co in D. trunculus relative to their concentrations in surficial sediments.     

YSI 6600传感器在太湖蓝藻预警工作中的应用

通过对太湖饮用水源地2个取水口水体中的蓝藻密度(CBD)和叶绿素(Chl)分别进行 YSI 6600-v2水质多参数仪和实验室显微镜检分析,探讨了CBD和Chl在预警工作中的应用.结果表明,在CBD与Chl相关性显著时期内,藻类群落结构相对稳定;CBD和Chl相关性不显著时期内,藻类群落结构变化较大.ρ(CBD)/ρ(...     

微囊藻中叶绿素a提取方法的优化

用组织研磨、浸泡提取、热浴超声3种提取方法和丙酮、甲醇、乙醇3种提取溶剂，从实验室纯培养微囊藻中提取叶绿素a，并以高效液相色谱法测定其质量浓度。结果表明，经组织研磨破碎藻细胞后用甲醇提取的效果好于丙酮和乙醇，经浸泡和超声破碎藻细胞后用乙醇的提取效果好于丙酮和甲醇；使用乙醇-热浴超声法在所有的试验组合中获得最佳提取效果，条件为：乙醇温度为50℃-55℃，超声6min-8min后再静置提取5h-6h。     

自动监测预警太湖蓝藻爆发规律研究

以太湖湖体中沙渚、兰山嘴两个自动站的监测数据为基础,分析了太湖蓝藻爆发过程中主要水质指标变化情况。研究结果表明,蓝藻引发灾害性湖泛现象的主要过程分为生长期、平稳期、死亡期、高危前期、灾害期和恢复期,在高危前期和灾害期,溶解氧(DO)快速下降,而总氮(TN)等参数的变化正好与DO变化相反,这一显著特征可作为预警的重要信息。     

A New Method for Determination of Chlorophylls in Freshwater Algae

A new method (NMM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% ethanol) was established to determine chlorophyll in freshwater algae, and it was compared with US standard method (USM, using glass fiber filter and 90% acetone) and the method recommend by EPA of China (CHM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% acetone). The precision and repeatability of NMM is equivalent to that of USM, but NMM is safer to laboratory workers than USM and CHM because ethanol was used as solvent in NMM instead of acetone used in USM and CHM, and time and money were also greatly saved by the new method. The precision and repeatability of CHM was much less than USM and NMM, and the advice improving the method was proposed that the extraction time must be prolonged.     

藻型湖泊大量藻类衰亡后致嗅物的分析以及水质变化的研究

藻类大量死亡后极易产生致嗅物.我们模拟了藻类的生长死亡过程,观测除藻后水体理化性质和生物性质的改变情况以及致嗅物的成分及浓度,以确定致嗅物质产生的途径.由于藻类死亡后细胞解体,藻类细胞中的氮、磷物质释放到水体中,导致水体的富营养化程度反而升高,而叶绿素-a也呈现下降趋势,整个试验过程后期溶解氧为0,水体产生嗅味物质,可采用吹扫捕集/固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱法和顶空固相微萃取气质联用法分析致嗅物质.实验证明,当藻型湖泊的藻类被基本去除后,整个水体的初级生产力受到严重的破坏,威胁到水生态系统的安全性,可导致水体进一步恶化.     

九龙江北溪pH值异常变化与生化因子相关性的研究

监测结果表明,九龙江北溪部分断面CODMn浓度介于中富营养～富营养之间,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度均达到极富营养水平。经统计分析,pH值与甲藻显著相关(r=0.327,P=0.025),与溶解氧(r=0.762,P=0.000)、高锰酸盐指数(r=0.456,P=0.001)、总氮(r=0.482,P=0.001)、总磷(r=0.507,P=0.000)和叶绿素a(r=0.649,P=0.000)等非常显著相关。研究表明,虽然各项化学因子与pH值密切相关,但不是pH值变化的直接原因,而是由于水体富营养程度严重且已形成了藻类生境,甲藻的异常增殖才导致pH值异常升高。     

太湖湖风指数阈值的计算

根据2012年8月17—23日的太湖湖风加密观测实验结果,将湖岸3个常规气象站和湖面2个浮标站观测的风速和气温资料代入经典的湖风指数公式,通过Fisher二级判别法和历史拟合率最大法确定了太湖湖风指数的阈值为3.0。该结论为研究太湖湖风的发生频率及其对蓝藻水华全湖输移的影响提供了理论依据。     

Impact of salinity and pH on phytoplankton communities in a tropical freshwater system: An investigation with pigment analysis by HPLC

An in vitro study was carried out to understand the effects of salinity shock and variation in pH on phytoplankton communities in a tropical freshwater system of the Godavari River (a major peninsular river in India). The distributions of, and variations in, phytoplankton communities were assessed by quantitative determination of their class specific marker pigments, using HPLC. Subtle changes in salinity of the freshwater by one practical salinity unit (PSU) completely removed green algae from the system and allowed the cyanobacteria to come into dominance. The cyanobacteria were found to tolerate higher osmotic stress until the salinity reached a PSU of 16. The higher salinity tolerance range of the cyanobacteria was attributed to the enhanced synthesis of zeaxanthin as protective xanthophylls against the osmotic stress. However, the effects of changing pH were not as dramatic as salinity where the green algae and the cyanobacteria from the same freshwater system showed a considerable acclimation towards the fluctuating pH. These findings are environmentally relevant to understand the likely impact of salt water intrusion and pH variation on phytoplankton communities in a tropical freshwater system.     

大气污染对城市绿化植物叶片叶绿素含量的影响

研究了南阳市城市大气对该市5种常见城市绿化植物叶片叶绿素(a、b)含量比例(Ca/Cb)以及叶片叶绿素总含量(Ct)的影响。通过研究发现,污染严重的南阳卷烟厂区域植物叶片叶绿素Ca/Cb值相对较高,叶绿素总含量(Ct)相对较低;无污染的对照区域(南阳师范学院院内绿化区)植物叶片叶绿素Ca/Cb值相对较低,叶片叶绿素总含量(Ct)相对较高。通过数据分析,进一步得出了5种常见城市绿化植物抗大气污染能力的大小:女贞>大叶黄杨>月季>金叶女贞>三叶草。