气相色谱法同时测定稻田中稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺残留

采用二氯甲烷萃取稻田水样品,土壤样品用丙酮-二氯甲烷(体积比为9∶1)混合溶液提取,二氯甲烷萃取,水稻植株样品用乙腈-二氯甲烷(体积比为9∶1)混合溶液直接萃取,用气相色谱法同时测定样品中稻瘟酰胺和咪鲜胺残留。该方法在0.012 2 mg/L~2.68 mg/L范围内线性良好,稻田土壤、田水、水稻植株中稻瘟酰胺的检出限分别为2.75μg/kg、1.83μg/L、3.80μg/kg,咪鲜胺的检出限分别为3.55μg/kg、2.66μg/L、5.62μg/kg。空白稻田土壤、稻田水和水稻植株样品3个浓度水平的加标回收率为80.3%~104%,RSD为3.0%~13.2%。     

碱熔浸取-离子选择电极法测定沉积物中总氟

采用氢氧化钠高温熔融浸取沉积物,用离子选择电极法测定浸取液中的总氟,通过试验确定最佳浸取条件,使方法在5.00μg~500μg范围内线性良好。当取样量为0.2 g时,方法检出限为12.4 mg/kg。用该方法测定沉积物有证标准物质,结果均在标准值范围内,测定3个沉积物实际样品,总氟质量比为254 mg/kg~1 389 mg/kg,6次测定结果的RSD为4.1%~4.8%,3个质量比水平加标回收率为99.2%~101%。     

柱前衍生-HPLC法测定生活饮用水化学处理剂中六价铬

在酸性条件下，生活饮用水化学处理剂中六价铬与二苯碳酰二肼进行衍生反应，以磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液和乙腈-丙酮（体积比为1〖DK（〗∶〖DK）〗1）混合溶液为流动相，衍生物经Atlantis T3 C18分析柱分离，在540 nm波长下检测。六价铬在0001 mg/L~0500 mg/L范围内线性良好，方法检出限为500 mg/kg，标准样品6次测定结果的RSD为09%～35%，实际样品加标回收率为760%～985%。     

碳酸盐体系离子色谱法快速测定水体中碘化物

采用亲水性强的AS22型阴离子交换分离柱处理水样,用离子色谱法测定样品中的碘化物,通过优化样品预处理条件、色谱条件,消除常见阴离子干扰,使方法在0 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好。方法检出限为0.002 mg/L,3个质量浓度水平的标准溶液7次测定结果的RSD为0.5%~3.5%,实际水样的加标回收率为85.2%~100%。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中丙烯醛和丙烯腈

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中的丙烯醛和丙烯腈,方法在5.00μg/L~200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为4.9μg/L和0.3μg/L。用该方法测定3个质量浓度水平的空白加标样,7次测定结果的RSD为2.8%~6.7%,加标回收率为90.4%~98.3%。用该方法测定某水库和某河流的地表水,丙烯醛和丙烯腈均未检出。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定空气中铬酸雾

采用石墨炉原子吸收法对空气中铬酸雾进行测定,方法在待测液中铬质量浓度为1~10μg/L范围内线性良好,r=0.999 6,检出限为0.001 mg/m~3,测定结果的相对标准差为1.64%~4.53%,样品加标回收率为91.0%~95.4%,且用该方法与《固定污染源排气中铬酸雾的测定二苯基碳酰二肼分光光度法》(HJ/T 29—1999)分别测定实际样品中铬的质量浓度,结果无明显差异。     

固相萃取-GC/MS法测定地表水中3-甲基吲哚

采用微球硅胶键合C_(18)固相萃取柱萃取水样中的3-甲基吲哚,并用气质联用法测定,方法在0 mg/L~10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.2μg/L。空白水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为89%~94%,7次测定结果的RSD为2.3%~6.9%。用该方法测定7个实际地表水样品,其中4个地表水样品检出3-甲基吲哚,地表水样的加标回收率为81.5%~97.0%。     

弗罗里硅土净化和凝胶色谱净化在土壤苯并(a)芘测定中的应用

采用ASE萃取-弗罗里硅土净化-HPLC法和ASE萃取-GPC净化-HPLC法测定土壤中苯并(a)芘,并将2种方法的测定结果作比对。试验表明,方法在0.02 mg/L~0.500 mg/L之间线性良好,当取样量为10 g时,弗罗里硅土净化土壤样品方法检出限为8.93×10~(-5)mg/kg,平均加标回收率为72.7%~73.8%,3次测定结果的RSD为4.0%~4.5%;凝胶色谱净化土壤样品方法检出限为1.98×10~(-5)mg/kg,平均加标回收率为88.8%~90.2%,3次测定结果的RSD为2.1%~2.8%。     

气相色谱法测定气体样品中丙烯酸甲酯

采用活性炭吸附气体样品中的丙烯酸甲酯,用二硫化碳浸泡解吸30 min后,取上清液进样,用气相色谱法FID检测器测定。方法在0.475 mg/L~38.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,空白活性炭采样管的3个浓度水平加标回收率为94.7%~98.7%,测定结果的RSD为2.7%~4.6%,方法检出限为0.075μg,当采集1.5 L气体样品时,最低检测质量浓度为0.05 mg/m3。以南京化学工业园区常见的15种化合物做干扰试验,结果方法稳定性好,测定不受干扰。用该方法测定南京市某企业周边环境空气,结果上风向和下风向丙烯酸甲酯均未检出。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中的乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶

水中的乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶经吹扫捕集、解吸后,用HP-VOC毛细管色谱柱进行GC分离,用GC-MS法选择离子模式(SIM)下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,选择取样量25 m L,吹扫流量为40 m L/min,吹扫温度为40℃,吹扫时间为15 min,解吸时间为2 min,解吸温度为200℃,烘焙时间20 min,乙醛和吡啶质量浓度在0.025~0.60 mg/L之间,丙烯醛和丙烯腈质量浓度在0.002 5~0.10 mg/L之间时,校准曲线呈线性关系,相关系数r0.995,乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶的方法检出限分别为0.001 6,0.001 3,0.000 5和0.002 1 mg/L。对3个不同浓度样品进行空白加标实验,测量的回收率为87.8%~114.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.51%~10.4%。对3批实际水样进行分析,其中一个废水水样加标回收率为79.2%~103.8%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.04%~6.39%。     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害，结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

废旧干电池的环境污染防治及回收利用

介绍了各种干电池的基本化学组成，分析了废旧干电池污染环境的主要途径及对人类的危害，并就回收利用问题提出建议。     

环境监理与环境管理的区别与联系

阐述了环境监理与环境管理的关系，指出了以制度和程序规范两者的分工与合作可充分发挥环境监理在环境管理中的作用     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.