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河流水质综合评价方法的统一和改进 总被引:42,自引:3,他引:42
在分析我国河流水质综合评价方法存在的问题以及河流水质综合评价方法研究现状的基础上 ,以国家对全国水环境质量系统管理需要为目的 ,提出了对河流水质综合评价方法的要求 ,并针对综合污染指数法的缺陷 ,提出了改进的综合水质指数方法 相似文献
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目前便携式水质检测仪品种繁多,各种技术指标和性能尚无统一评价标准,导致仪器性能良莠不齐,监测数据质量难以保证,无法满足管理部门对环境监测数据的要求,检测机构在采购过程中也难以选择。为解决这一问题,建立了便携式水质检测仪综合评价方法,确定了综合评价指标,制定了综合评价标准,选择相关仪器及相关项目进行综合评价。结果表明,大部分便携式水质检测仪器在便携性、操作简易性等方面做得比较好,而在准确度、精密度等方面还有待提高。该评价方法综合考虑了影响便携式水质检测仪的各项因素,能够为全方位评价、选择便携式水质检测仪提供参考。 相似文献
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深圳市河流水质评价指标筛选方案探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过计算各条河流的综合污染指数和各项水质指标的污染分担率,对深圳市8条主要河流1999—2008年水质监测数据进行分析,最终从15项常规水质指标中筛选出氨氮、总磷、生化需氧量、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、石油类、挥发酚、硫化物和六价铬9项指标,建议作为深圳市河流水质评价的统一指标。 相似文献
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The UNEP GEMS/Water Programme is the leading international agency responsible for the development of water quality indicators and maintains the only global database of water quality for inland waters (GEMStat). The protection of source water quality for domestic use (drinking water, abstraction etc) was identified by GEMS/Water as a priority for assessment. A composite index was developed to assess source water quality across a range of inland water types, globally, and over time. The approach for development was three-fold: (1) Select guidelines from the World Health Organisation that are appropriate in assessing global water quality for human health, (2) Select variables from GEMStat that have an appropriate guideline and reasonable global coverage, and (3) determine, on an annual basis, an overall index rating for each station using the water quality index equation endorsed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. The index allowed measurements of the frequency and extent to which variables exceeded their respective WHO guidelines, at each individual monitoring station included within GEMStat, allowing both spatial and temporal assessment of global water quality. Development of the index was followed by preliminary sensitivity analysis and verification of the index against real water quality data. 相似文献
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Paula Cristina Resende Paulo Resende Miguel Pardal Salomé Almeida Ulisses Azeiteiro 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):535-544
Diatoms and macroinvertebrates have been extensively used as water quality indicators in Europe for the last two decades. In Portugal, the use of biological indicators to assess water quality in rivers has increased greatly. The aim of this work was to assess the water quality and ecological status of the Ul River in order to evaluate its ability for the establishment of a fluvial beach, using periphytic diatoms and macroinvertebrates as indicators. Four sites were selected along the Ul River. At each site, biological, physical, and chemical parameters were investigated. Epilithic diatoms and macroinvertebrates were sampled. The Specific Polluosensitivity Index and the Biological Diatom Index were applied to diatom data, while for macroinvertebrates, the Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP) was used. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that up to now, this river does not possess the ideal conditions for the establishment of a fluvial beach. We concluded that epilithic diatoms and macroinvertebrates provided consistent information on water quality assessment and can be used as biological indicators of the water quality in Ul River. 相似文献
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饮用水病原微生物污染是公共卫生面临的主要威胁之一,微生物监测在水质监测中的必要性日益受到人们的认可。在实际工作中,一般是通过检测指示微生物间接反映病原微生物的存在。通过调研国内外各组织、机构颁布的水质标准发现,近年来,我国环境质量标准和污染物排放标准中对于指示微生物的选择有从总大肠菌群向粪大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)转变的趋势,而美国环保署、欧盟、世界卫生组织、澳大利亚国家健康与医疗研究委员会等根据最新的流行病学证据,强调了大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)、肠球菌(Enterococci)与粪便污染的相关性更强,可用于替代大肠菌群。建议我国在后续水质标准中对微生物指标进行增补修订时,参考国外经验,形成集成多种指示微生物与多种特定病原体的监测指标体系,以更好地保护环境功能和民众健康。 相似文献
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Mechanistic hydrologic and water quality models provide useful alternatives for estimating water quality in unmonitored streams.
However, developing these elaborate models for large watersheds can be time-consuming and expensive, in addition to challenges
that arise during calibration when there is limited spatial and/or temporal monitored in-stream water quality data. The main
objective of this research was to investigate different approaches for developing multivariate analysis models as alternative
methods for rapidly assessing relationships between spatio-temporal physical attributes of the watershed and water quality
conditions in monitored streams, and then using the developed relationships for estimating water quality conditions in unmonitored
streams. The study compares the use of various statistical estimates (mean, geometric mean, trimmed mean, and median) of monitored
water quality variables to represent annual and seasonal water quality conditions. The relationship between these estimates
and the spatial data is then modeled via linear and non-linear multivariate methods. Overall, the non-linear techniques for
classification outperformed the linear techniques with an average cross-validation accuracy of 79.7%. Additionally, the geometric
mean based models outperformed models based on other statistical indicators with an average cross-validation accuracy of 80.2%.
Dividing the data into annual and quarterly datasets also offered important insights into the behavior of certain water quality
variables impacted by seasonal variations. The research provides useful guidance on the use and interpretation of the various
statistical estimates and statistical models for multivariate water quality analyses. 相似文献
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官厅水库入库断面水质多指标评价与演变特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水体质量状况及其污染特征是流域水污染防治规划和治理措施制定的前提和基础。采用主成分分析和层次聚类分析等多元统计分析方法,选取溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量等10个不同类型的监测指标,综合评价了官厅水库入库断面八号桥2006—2017年丰水期和枯水期水质年际变化特征,识别了不同阶段关键污染指标。结果表明:各年份丰水期(9月)大多数水质指标均优于枯水期(5月),特别是粪大肠菌群和氨氮,但总磷和高锰酸盐指数的差异较小。根据水质指标年际变化情况,可将研究期分为污染严重阶段(2006—2007年)、污染改善阶段(2008—2015年)和污染全面好转阶段(2016—2017年)。大部分水质指标呈现逐年好转的趋势,特别是粪大肠菌群、氨氮和五日生化需氧量,但总磷仍是官厅水库入库河流的重要污染指标。 相似文献
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Christopher Hassall David J. Thompson Ian F. Harvey 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,160(1-4):451-456
We present data on the distributional changes within an order of macroinvertebrates used in biological water quality monitoring. The British Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) have been shown to be expanding their range northwards and this could potentially affect the use of water quality metrics. The results show that the families of Odonata that are used in monitoring are shifting their ranges poleward and that species richness is increasing through time at most UK latitudes. These past distributional shifts have had negligible effects on water quality indicators. However, variation in Odonata species richness (particularly in species-poor regions) has a significant effect on water quality metrics. We conclude with a brief review of current and predicted responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates to environmental warming and maintain that caution is warranted in the use of such dynamic biological indicators. 相似文献
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提出城市绿色发展竞争力概念,探讨环境质量与经济社会发展水平之间的关系,从城市空气环境质量、地表水环境质量、声环境质量、集中式饮用水源地水质和生态环境质量等"硬环境"着手,结合衡量城市经济发展程度的工业GDP指标,构建评价指标体系,用单位工业GDP的环境代价来表征城市绿色发展竞争力水平,并以安徽省省辖市为例进行了实例研究。 相似文献
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Jeeban Panthi Fengting Li Hongtao Wang Suman Aryal Piyush Dahal Sheila Ghimire Martin Kabenge 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(6):292
Both climatic and non-climatic factors affect surface water quality. Similar to its effect across various sectors and areas, climate change has potential to affect surface water quality directly and indirectly. On the one hand, the rise in temperature enhances the microbial activity and decomposition of organic matter in the river system and changes in rainfall alter discharge and water flow in the river ultimately affecting pollution dilution level. On the other hand, the disposal of organic waste and channelizing municipal sewage into the rivers seriously worsen water quality. This study attempts to relate hydro-climatology, water quality, and impact of climatic and non-climatic stresses in affecting river water quality in the upper Bagmati basin in Central Nepal. The results showed that the key water quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand are getting worse in recent years. No significant relationships were found between the key water quality indicators and changes in key climatic variables. However, the water quality indicators correlated with the increase in urban population and per capita waste production in the city. The findings of this study indicate that dealing with non-climatic stressors such as reducing direct disposal of sewerage and other wastes in the river rather than emphasizing on working with the effects from climate change would largely help to improve water quality in the river flowing from highly populated urban areas. 相似文献
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杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
调查了杭州市主城区浅层地下水水质现状。结果表明,杭州市主城区浅层地下水污染较重,"三氮"超标现象普遍,而主要污染项目为NH3-N、NO2--N、IMn和总大肠菌群及细菌总数。指出,农业面源污染和生活污水,是造成杭州市主城区浅层地下水氮污染的主要原因。提出分析了地下水水质污染的成因。指出应加强地下水保护以及地下水资源的质量管理。进行科学、合理地开发利用,实现地下水水资源的可持续利用,支持杭州市国民经济的可持续发展。 相似文献