乌鲁木齐地下水氮的分布及成因研究

对乌鲁木齐市地下水进行了分区取样，对氮的分布形式及特征进行了分析研究，通过统计计算及分析，对成因进行了推断，得出初步结论：人口密集区氮的含量与大气污染及人的活动有关。     

水磨河氮含量分布及时空变化初探

根据2005年水质监测结果,对水磨河无机氮的特征分布及相互之间的相关性进行了初步分析探讨,结果显示,水磨河无机氮中硝酸盐氮含量最高,亚硝酸盐氮含量最低,亚硝酸盐氮与氨氮之间有非常显著的线性关系.通过对1991-2005年的监测资料分析,表明水磨河各断面无机氮含量呈下降趋势,但水磨河自上而下无机营养盐N总体浓度升高,说明氮污染还在延续,形势不容乐观.     

高产水稻田氮磷排放监测及特征分析

通过设立田间定位监测点，对高产水稻田的水及氮、磷的输入和排出进行了3年的定点监测，根据监测结果分析了稻田的氮、磷迁移特征和规律。结果表明，每667m^2稻田氮排出量约3000g，磷排出量约82g；随降雨及灌溉水带人的氮约1600g，磷约59g；两者相抵，表观净排出氮约为1400g，磷约23g。稻田氮、磷排出与稻田排水量及基面肥施用量有关。改进稻田氮肥施用时间和施用方法，合理管理稻田水量，减少排水，是减少高产水稻田氮、磷排放的关键技术措施。     

EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水的应用

采用EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水,对工艺的运行效果、污染物的去除途径及温度对污染物去除率的影响进行了研究分析.一年的观测结果表明,该工艺结合了生物技术和生态工程的优点,能有效去除生活污水中的有机物、氮、磷和粪大肠菌群,且处理效果稳定.温度对有机物、总磷的去除效率影响较小,对总氮、氨氮去除效率影响较大,在冬...     

土壤中全氮分析方法的研究进展

土壤中的氮是衡量土壤肥力的主要指标之一。基于对国内外文献的调研,系统地归纳了现阶段土壤中全氮分析方法(凯氏法、红外光谱技术、杜马斯燃烧法)的原理和应用。对不同的测定方法进行比较,总结不同分析方法的优缺点。提出自动化分析、高灵敏度、高准确度、低成本、便捷的检测技术是土壤中全氮分析的重要发展方向。     

富含泥沙水样总氮总磷测定的干扰因素探讨

从分析富含泥沙水样的总氮、总磷入手，探讨了样品静置、样品保存时间及消解后样品溶液稳定时间对总氮、总磷测定结果的影响。     

环境监测数据预审中部分指标的相关性分析

数据审核在实验室分析中占有很重要的作用,需要检查是否有异常数据,并对监测数据进行分析、判断,以便了解被监测水体的状况,是否已被污染,污染趋势如何等.根据长期积累的经验,发现部分指标之间存在相关性,了解这些数据的相关性,将对数据审核有很大帮助,总氮和三氮(硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮)之间存在着相关性,并且根据“三氮“在水中存在的含量,可以分析水体状况,分析出水体的污染趋势如何;分别对CODcr和CODMn、CODcr和BOD5、CODMn和BOD5、总磷、总氮和叶绿素a、石油类和CODcr、硫化物和重金属、氟与硬度之间的相关性进行了分析.     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

通过对骆马湖2005年水质监测，并结合近几年的监测资料，对结果进行了分析。结果表明，氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染指标之一，主要是总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮污染，其主要污染特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。针对实际提出了骆马湖整治的建议。     

地面水水样中氨氮稳定性试验

按ＧＢ７４８０－８７规定氨氮水样滴加硫酸酸化至ｐＨ≤２,最长保存时间为２４ｈ。常规监测需要采集大量水样,分析项目较多,在２４ｈ内采样分析,给分析人员带来一定困难。今对三氮水样进行了保存时间稳定性试验。结果发现,除了亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮不宜保存外,氨氮...     

大宁河水体营养盐状况与水华爆发之间关系分析

通过对大宁河常规监测和水华爆发期间加密监测断面的氮、磷营养盐指标统计,运用综合评价、相关性分析等方法对大宁河氮、磷营养盐分布和叶绿素a与总磷、总氮的关系进行了分析.结果显示,水华爆发期间叶绿素a与总磷、总氮呈正相关关系,总磷是大宁河水华爆发的限制因子.氮磷水平呈现从上游到入长江口逐渐递增趋势,长江回灌作用对大宁河输入部分氮、磷营养盐.     

近年来淮河干流氮污染状况与变化趋势

对淮河干流1990年至2002年氮污染和溶解氧监测数据的分析表明,沿淮河干流上游至下游氮污染加重,溶解氧含量降低。在一年中的6～9月,淮河干流无机氮和溶解氧浓度为最低。溶解氧的浓度直接影响到氨氮向亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮转化这一氧化自净过程。     

凯氏法测定土壤全氮的方法改进

采用凯氏法测定土壤全氮对9种不同类型的土壤进行测定,通过实验比较不同的还原剂、氧化剂和催化剂,发现以五水合硫代硫酸钠做还原剂,以硫酸为主要氧化剂,以K2SO4＋CuSO4＋TiO2做催化剂,具有操作简便、省时、无污染的优点。该方法加标回收率82.5%～96.0%,标样测试相对误差1.4%,精密度1.9%～10.8%,检出限14mg/kg。     

基于SWAT模型的湘江永州流域非点源氮磷污染特征分析

为精准治理流域非点源氮磷污染，基于SWAT模型，运用本地区第二次全国污染源普查数据和2000—2019年流域水文、水质数据，开展湘江永州流域非点源氮磷污染模拟。结果表明：湘江永州流域建立的SWAT模型具有较好的模拟效果，流域2005—2019年的总氮月均污染负荷为383.40～17 998.70 t/m;总磷月均污染负荷为64.62～567.86 t/m,总氮和总磷各月污染负荷均与各月降雨量呈显著相关关系；农田和林地是本流域总氮、总磷污染负荷总量最大的2种用地类型，但两者之间单位面积输出的污染负荷强度却相反，林地对流域水污染防控具有正面效应，农田种植面源污染是非点源氮磷污染治理的重点。     

新疆大气氮沉降监测研究进展浅析

通过对新疆12个监测点氮沉降研究结果发现,无机活性氮浓度(p NH 4+、p NO 3-、NH 3、NO 2)在不同生态系统存在较大的时空差异,氮沉降通量变化随人为干扰程度呈递增趋势。总结了当前新疆大气氮沉降监测研究进展,包括主要监测方法、不同生态系统大气氮素干沉降的时空差异性分析、大气氮素干湿沉降通量估算。对大气氮素干湿沉降通量的整体估算、不同生态系统的监测常态化等还存在不足,未来评估氮沉降的综合气候效应、定量临界负荷以及生态系统对氮沉降通量急剧增加的响应是今后研究的重点方向。     

氮氧化物的污染控制对策

详细地介绍了日本针对不同的排放源－－固定源和流动源－－所采取的氮氧化物污染控制对策。对固定源，在实施全国统一的排放标准的基础上，对于一些工厂相对集中、污染问题严重的地区实施总量控制，同时积极促进技术革新以及降低氮氧化物的排放；对流动源所采取的措施有，确定不同车型汽车排放尾气递减的短期目标和长期目标，实施汽车氮氧化物法，积极推进低公害车的普及。通过采取上述措施，在日本，固定源排放的氮氧化物得到了较好     

内河涌氨氮污染的特征及其来源的研究

以佛山市雅瑶涌为研究实例,探讨了珠江三角洲河网地区围内河涌氨氮污染的特征,并对氨氮的来源进行了研究。内河涌的氨氮污染逐年严重,并呈现季节性的变化,已成为最主要的污染因子。研究结果表明,畜牧水产业和非点源都是比较显著的氨氮污染源,但未经集中式污水处理厂处理的生活污水,则成为内河涌最重要的氨氮污染源。     

Water quality assessment using integrated modeling and monitoring in Narva Bay, Gulf of Finland

A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic–ecological model was used for the assessment of water quality in Narva Bay during one biologically active season. Narva Bay is located in the south-eastern Gulf of Finland. Narva River with a catchment’s area covering part of Russia and Estonia discharges water and nutrients to Narva Bay. The ecological model includes phytoplankton carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, chlorophyll a, zooplankton, detritus carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and dissolved oxygen as state variables. Both the hydrodynamic and ecosystem models were validated using a limited number of measurements. The hydrodynamic model validation included comparison of time series of currents and temperature and salinity profiles. The ecological model results were compared with the monitoring data of phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen and phosphorus and dissolved oxygen. The comparison of hydrodynamic parameters, phytoplankton biomass, surface layer total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and near-bottom layer total nitrogen was reasonable. Time series of spatially mean values and standard deviations of selected parameters were calculated for the whole Narva Bay. Combining model results and monitoring data, the characteristic concentrations of phytoplankton biomass, total nitrogen and phosphorus and near-bottom dissolved oxygen were estimated. Phytoplankton biomass and total phosphorus showed seasonal variations, of 0.6–1.1 and 0.022–0.032 mg/l, respectively, during spring bloom, 0.1–0.3 and 0.015–0.025 mg/l in summer and 0.2–0.6 and 0.017–0.035 mg/l during autumn bloom. Total nitrogen and near-bottom oxygen concentrations were rather steady, being 0.25–0.35 and 2–6 mg/l, respectively. The total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations show that according to the classification of Estonian coastal waters, Narva Bay water belongs to a good water quality class.     

湖泊底泥挖掘可能导致水体氮磷平衡破坏的研究

挖掘底泥是减少富营养化湖泊内源性氮、磷元素的主要手段 ,但若挖掘不当 ,则一段时间内可能会导致水体氮、磷平衡破坏 ,富营养化加剧。从底泥挖掘可能导致水体营养元素平衡破坏的成因入手 ,探讨避免水体富营养化加剧的对策。     

Use of pharmaceuticals and pesticides to constrain nutrient sources in coastal groundwater of northwestern Long Island, New York, USA

In developed, non-agricultural, unsewered areas, septic systems and fertilizer application to lawns and gardens represent two major sources of nitrogen to coastal groundwater, in addition to atmospheric input. This study was designed to distinguish between these two possible nitrogen sources by analyzing groundwater samples for pharmaceutical residuals, because fertilizers do not contain any of these pharmaceuticals, but domestic wastewater commonly does. In addition, several herbicides and insecticides used in lawn treatment were analyzed as indicators of nitrogen delivery to groundwater from fertilizers. Groundwater samples were taken through piezometres at shoreline sites in unsewered areas surrounding Northport Harbor and in sewered areas adjacent to Manhasset Bay (hereafter referred to as "Northport" and "Manhasset", respectively), both in northwestern Long Island, USA. Excessive nitrogen loading has led to reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations in Long Island Sound, and the groundwater contribution to the nitrogen budget is poorly constrained. The frequent detection of the anticonvulsant compound carbamazepine in groundwater samples of the Northport Harbor area (unsewered), together with the fact that few pesticides associated with lawn applications were detected, suggests that wastewater input and atmospheric input are the likely sources of nitrogen in the Northport groundwater. High concentrations of nitrogen were also detected in the Manhasset (sewered) groundwater. The low detection frequency and concentration of carbamazepine, however, suggest that the sewer system effectively intercepts nitrogen from wastewater there. The likely sources of nitrogen in the Manhasset groundwater are atmospheric deposition and lawn fertilizers, as this area is densely populated.