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1.
Thompson ID 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):263-273
A pilot scale study was conducted to find out the different forms of metals if fly ash (FA) and bioaccumulation of these metals
in the naturally growing vegetation on FA dumps. The total, acid extractable, bioavailable and water soluble fraction of metals
of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co and Pb, and their bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC) on naturally growing vegetation were determined.
FA samples had a neutral pH, low electrical conductivity, low organic C and trace amounts of N and P. The relative abundance
of total metals in FA were found in the order Fe ≤ ≤ Zn ≤ Ni ≤ Co ≤ Cu. The concentration of bioavailable (DTPA) metals depend
on the type and nature of coal used in thermal power stations. In the water the extract solution, only Fe and Zn were found
above detection limits. After one year only four species of naturally occurring herbaceous vegetation were found growing and
Cynodon dactylon (grass) covered almost entire surface of the FA. Iron accumulated to the greatest extent in vegetation followed by Mn, Zn,
Cu, Pb, Ni and Co. The sequence of BAC for different metals were Fe (202) ≤ Mn (90) ≤ Zn (63) ≤ Pb (49) ≤ Ni (41) ≤ Cu (24).
The experimental study revealed that Cynodon grass could be used for remediation of fly ash without any amendments, as this grass species act as metal excluder type. 相似文献
2.
Mining activities in Rakha copper mine (Jharkhand, India) were ceased in the year 2001, leaving a huge amount of untreated
tailings in the nearby tailings pond. The copper tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Cu, Ni concentrations
1779, 564 mgkg−1, respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements and organic matter. Tailings are often very unstable, and a potential
vegetation cover may reduce the erosion or immobilize the toxicants to surrounding environment by phytostabilization. However,
high shoot concentrations of elements might disperse them and could be harmful to grazing animals. The objective of this study
was to find out which of the three properties; low-accumulation, root accumulation or shoot accumulation of elements (Cu,
Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd and Co), occur in the semi aquatic species Ammania baccifera growing on copper tailings. Roots of this species accumulated high levels of Cu, even more than 1000 mg kg−1, DW. Metals accumulated by A. baccifera were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them.
Thus, establishment of such plant on copper tailings can be a safe method to stabilize the metals. 相似文献
3.
Surface sediment samples (n = 18) were collected from the Algerian Mediterranean coasts and analyzed for seven metals using inductively coupled plasma-optical
emission spectrometry in order to asses the distribution and bioavailability of metals and to study the anthropogenic factors
affecting their concentrations. Sediment samples were size-fractionated into three sizes: 1,080–500 (coarse), 500–250 (medium),
and <250 mm (fine). Bulk sediments were subjected to both sequential extraction and total digestion to evaluate the reliability
of the sequential extraction procedure (SEP), while the fractions have been only sequentially extracted for metals speciation.
The metals were sequentially extracted into five phases namely exchangeable (P1), carbonates (P2), Fe–Mn oxides (P3), organic
(P4) and residual (P5). Metal recoveries in sequential extractions were ±20% of the independently measured total metal concentrations;
the high recovery rates indicate the good reliability of the SEP used in this study. Correlation coefficients indicated that
the grain size has an effect on the distribution of metals in the investigated samples. The order of metal levels in the fractions
was medium > fine > coarse for all the metals. The average total extractable metal concentrations for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni,
Pb, and Zn were 1.1, 8.8, 4.7, 1,291.3, 13.9, 5.7 and 20.4 μg/g, respectively. The northeastern shelf had the lowest metal
levels while the highest were in northwestern part mainly due to the significant tourism activities in the northwestern part.
Comparison of our results to Earth’s crust values and to previous studies points out that our samples were relatively unpolluted
with respect to the heavy metals investigated; most of the metals are not from anthropogenic sources. Enrichment factors as
the criteria for examining the impact of the anthropogenic sources of heavy metals were calculated, and it was observed that
the investigated samples were not contaminated with Cr, Cu, and Fe, moderately contaminated with Ni, Pb, and Cd, and contaminated
with Cd in some sites. The P5 phase had the highest percents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Cadmium and lead were predominant
in the P4 phase, while Cu, Fe and Zn were distributed in the order P5 > P3 > P4 > P2 > P1. The following order of bioavailability
was found with the heavy metals Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni > Zn > Cu > Fe. 相似文献
4.
Chl. a, Chl. b, total Chl., Carotenoid, Protein and OD 435/OD 415 ratio were measured to estimate the possible damage caused
by the metallic pollutants in the lichen, Pyxine subcinerea Stirton collected from four different sites of Srinagar Garhwal, Uttaranchal, India. Multiple correlation analysis revealed
significant correlation (P < 0.001) among the Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb metals analysed. Cd did not correlate with any other metals except Fe (P < 0.05). Cu, Pb and Zn, are the main constituents of the vehicular emissions had significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) with protein content while, the OD 435/OD 415 ratio values decreased statistically (P < 0.001) with increase in amount of Cu, Pb and Zn. 相似文献
5.
Jun Yao WenBing Li FangFang Xia YuanGe Zheng ChengRan Fang DongSheng Shen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3711-3720
Fly ash samples were taken from solid waste incinerators with different feeding waste, furnace type, and air pollution control
device in six cities of Zhejiang province. The solid waste incinerators there constitute one fifth of incinerators in China.
Heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in the fly ash. Moreover, the fly ash samples were extracted by toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The biotoxicity of the leachate was evaluated by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. High variation and contents were found for both the heavy metals and PCDD/Fs. The contents of Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni,
and Hg in the fly ash samples varied from 300 to 32,100, 62.1–1175, 1.1–57, 61.6–620, 0.4–223, 16.6–4380, 1.2–94.7, and 0.03–1.4 μg g−1 dw, respectively. The total contents of 17 PCDD/Fs varied from 0.1128 to 127.7939 μg g−1 dw, and the 2,3,7,8-TeCDD toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.009 to 6.177 μg g−1 dw. PCDF congeners were the main contributor to the TEQ. The leachate of the fly ash showed biotoxicity to C. pyrenoidosa. A significant correlation was found between the Cd and EC50 values. Further research is required to investigate the environmental impact of the various pollutants in the fly ash. 相似文献
6.
Knowledge of the total concentration of heavy metals is not enough to fully assess the environmental impact of urban soils.
For this reason, the determination of metal speciation is important to evaluate their environment and the mobilization capacity.
Sequential extraction technique proposed by the former European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was used to speciate Cd,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in urban soils from Guangzhou into four operationally defined fractions: HOAc extractable, reducible,
oxidizable, and residual. The Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn were predominately located in the residual fraction, Pb in the reducible
fraction, and Cd and Mn within the HOAc extractable fraction. The order of Cd in each fraction was generally HOAc extractable
> reducible > residual > oxidizable; Cu and Fe were residual > reducible > oxidizable > HOAc extractable; Mn was HOAc extractable
> residual > reducible > oxidizable; Ni and Zn were residual > reducible > HOAc extractable > oxidizable; and Pb was reducible
> residual > oxidizable > HOAc extractable. Cadmium was identified as being the most mobile of the elements, followed by Mn,
Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Fe. Iron–Mn oxides can play an important role in binding Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and in decreasing their
proportion associated with the residual fraction in the soils. With total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn increase,
these metals more easily release and may produce more negative effects on the urban environment. 相似文献
7.
Heavy Metal Uptake By Scirpus Littoralis Schrad. From Fly Ash Dosed and Metal Spiked Soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tanushree Bhattacharya D. K. Banerjee Brij Gopal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):361-378
Scirpus littoralis is a wetland plant commonly found in Yamuna flood plains of Delhi, India. The ability of Scirpus littoralis to take up and translocate five metals- Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from fly ash dosed and metal spiked soils were studied under waterlogged and field conditions for 90 days. Scirpus littoralis accumulated Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb upto a maximum of 494.92, 56.37, 144.98, 207.95 and 93.08 ppm dry wt., respectively in below ground organs (BO) in 90 days time. The metal content ratios BO/soil (B/S) were higher than shoot/soil ratios (T/S) for all the metals, the highest being for Ni. Metal ratios BO/water (B/W) were also higher than shoot/water (T/W) ratios but the B/W ratio was maximum for Zn. The changes in nutrient status (N, P) in soil water and plants were also studied at interval of 30 days. The Pearson's correlation between metal uptake and N, P uptake were calculated. All the metals except Ni showed negative correlation with nitrogen but they were all non-significant. However, P uptake showed positive correlations with all the metals and all were significant at 1% confidence limit. 相似文献
8.
Field experiment on 10 ha area of fly ash dump was conducted to restore and revegetate it using biological interventions,
which involves use of organic amendment, selection of suitable plant species along with specialized nitrogen fixing strains
of biofertilizer. The results of the study indicated that amendment with farm yard manure at 50 t/ha improved the physical
properties of fly ash such as maximum water holding capacity from 40.0 to 62.42% while porosity improved from 56.78 to 58.45%.
The nitrogen content was increased by 4.5 times due to addition of nitrogen fixing strains of Bradyrhizobium and Azotobacter species, while phosphate content was increased by 10.0 times due to addition of VAM, which helps in phosphate immobilization.
Due to biofertilizer inoculation different microbial groups such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter and VAM spores, which were practically absent in fly ash improved to 7.1 × 107, 9.2 × 107 CFU/g and 35 VAM spores/10 g of fly ash, respectively. Inoculation of biofertilizer and application of FYM helped in reducing
the toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, nickel and lead which were reduced by 25, 46, 48 and 47%, respectively,
due to the increased organic matter content in the fly ash which complexes the heavy metals thereby decreasing the toxicity
of metals. Amendment of fly ash with FYM and biofertilizer helped in profuse root development showing 15 times higher growth
in Dendrocalamus strictus plant as compared to the control. Thus amendment and biofertilizer application provided better supportive material for anchorage
and growth of the plant. 相似文献
9.
The technique of diffusion gradient in thin films (DGT) for assessing bioavailable metals has not been tested under field
conditions. We assessed the relationships of DGT- and cation exchange resin-membrane-measured concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb,
and Zn with plant uptake of the metals under greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, the effective concentrations
of Cu, Pb, and Zn by DGT correlated significantly with uptake by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), but cation exchange resin-membrane-measured concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn did not correlate with sorghum uptake. In
the field, the DGT-measured concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn were not linearly related to uptake Cd, Pb, and Zn by lettuce
(Lactuca sativa) except for Cu uptake (r = 0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, it was only the resin-membrane-extractable Pb that correlated with Pb uptake by lettuce (r = 0.77; p < 0.05). However, fitting non-linear regression models improved the plant metal uptake predictions by DGT-measured bioavailable
Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn under field conditions. In conclusion, the DGT technique was fairly predictive of bioavailability in the
greenhouse, but not in the field. 相似文献
10.
Kontas A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2605-2616
The concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, and Fe) from suspended particulate matter (SPM) and biota in Izmir Bay
(Eastern Aegean Sea) were studied in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the anthropogenic metals before building
of Wastewater Treatment Plant. SPM samples were collected in wet and dry periods from Izmir Bay. Metal concentrations in SPM
(Cu, 0.36–2.19; Mn, 0.07–11.3; Ni, 0.43–7.81; Zn, 7.33–269; Fe, 1.00–266 μgdm − 3) were comparable to those reported for other moderately polluted bays. Maximum metal concentrations in SPM were observed
during summer season. SPM metal concentrations displayed a clear spatial trend with values increasing with proximity to urban
centers. Cu and Zn concentrations in SPM were especially high in the inner bay. SPM were found to be contaminated by Zn. The
vertical profile of Mn, Zn, and Ni concentrations in SPM had a maximal value at the upper layer and decreased to minimal value
at the bottom layer of the inner bay in summer, in contrast to the observed pattern of Fe and Cu. Maximum Cu concentrations
were obtained in Penaeus kerathurus. Also, maximum Zn and Fe concentrations were found in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Relatively high Cu levels were found in Sardina pilcardus and Mullus barbatus than other fish species. Besides, Cu levels were lower in Diplodus annularis and Merluccius merluccius. Finally, metal levels in biota tissues were lower than the limits of European Dietary Standards and Guidelines. 相似文献
11.
Barman SC Singh R Negi MP Bhargava SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):495-504
The present study deals with the effect of fireworks on ambient air quality during Diwali Festival in Lucknow City. In this
study, PM10, SO2, NO
x
and 10 trace metals associated with PM10 were estimated at four representative locations, during day and night times for Pre Diwali (day before Diwali) and Diwali
day. On Diwali day 24 h average concentration of PM10, SO2, and NO
x
was found to be 753.3, 139.1, and 107.3 μg m−3, respectively, and these concentrations were found to be higher at 2.49 and 5.67 times for PM10, 1.95 and 6.59 times for SO2 and 1.79 and 2.69 for NO
x
, when compared with the respective concentration of Pre Diwali and normal day, respectively. On Diwali day, 24 h values for
PM10, SO2, and NO
x
were found to be higher than prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and exceptionally high (7.53
times) for PM10. On Diwali night (12 h) mean level of PM10, SO2 and NO
x
was 1,206.2, 205.4 and 149.0 μg m−3, respectively, which was 4.02, 2.82 and 2.27 times higher than their respective daytime concentrations and showed strong
correlations (p < 0.01) with each other. The 24 h mean concentration of metals associated with PM10 was found to be in the order of Ca (3,169.44) > Fe (747.23) > Zn (542.62) > Cu (454.03), > Pb (307.54) > Mn (83.90) > Co
(78.69) > Cr (42.10) > Ni (41.47) > Cd (34.69) in ng m−3 and all these values were found to be higher than the Pre Diwali (except Fe) and normal day. The metal concentrations on
Diwali day were found to be significantly different than normal day (except Fe & Cu). The concentrations of Co, Ni, Cr and
Cd on Diwali night were found to be significantly higher than daytime concentrations for Pre Diwali (control). The inter correlation
of metals between Ca with Pb, Zn with Ni and Cr, Cu with Co, Co with Mn, Ni with Cd, Mn with Cd, Ni with Cd and Cr, and Cr
with Cd showed significant relation either at p < 0.05 or P < 0.01 levels, which indicated that their sources were the same. The metals Cu, Co, Ni, Cr and Cd showed significant (p < 0.01) association with PM10. These results indicate that fireworks during Diwali festival affected the ambient air quality adversely due to emission
and accumulation of PM10, SO2, NO
x
and trace metals.
ITRC Communication Number 2538 相似文献
12.
以广东某铅锌冶炼厂的废旧除尘布袋及其布袋上的飞灰为实验材料,以HNO3-H2O2-HF对布袋及飞灰进行微波全量消解,采用BCR三步浸提法提取飞灰中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd 6种重金属,并利用火焰原子吸收仪器检测布袋及飞灰中6种重金属的含量及飞灰中各形态含量。结果表明,铅锌冶炼厂废旧布袋和飞灰中重金属含量较高,远大于《国家土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15168—1995)三级标准值。不同重金属在飞灰中的形态分布差异较大,Ni主要以残渣态和酸可交换态为主,Cu和Pb以残渣态为主,Zn的4种形态分布都较均匀,Cd、Zn潜在的迁移性最强。 相似文献
13.
Heavy metal uptake by Scirpus Littoralis Schrad. from fly ash dosed and metal spiked soils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Scirpus littoralis is a wetland plant commonly found in Yamuna flood plains of Delhi, India. The ability of Scirpus littoralis to take up and translocate five metals- Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb from fly ash dosed and metal spiked soils were studied under waterlogged and field conditions for 90 days. Scirpus littoralis accumulated Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb upto a maximum of 494.92, 56.37, 144.98, 207.95 and 93.08 ppm dry wt., respectively in below ground organs (BO) in 90 days time. The metal content ratios BO/soil (B/S) were higher than shoot/soil ratios (T/S) for all the metals, the highest being for Ni. Metal ratios BO/water (B/W) were also higher than shoot/water (T/W) ratios but the B/W ratio was maximum for Zn. The changes in nutrient status (N, P) in soil water and plants were also studied at interval of 30 days. The Pearson's correlation between metal uptake and N, P uptake were calculated. All the metals except Ni showed negative correlation with nitrogen but they were all non-significant. However, P uptake showed positive correlations with all the metals and all were significant at 1% confidence limit. 相似文献
14.
Sundaray SK Nayak BB Kanungo TK Bhatta D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):1157-1179
Dynamics of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd in surface water of Mahanadi River estuarine systems
were studied taking 31 different stations and three different seasons. This study demonstrates that the elemental concentrations
are extremely variable and most of them are higher than the World river average. Among the heavy metals, iron is present at
highest concentration while cadmium is at the least. The spatial pattern of heavy metals suggests that their anthropogenic
sources are possibly from two major fertilizer plants and municipal sewage from three major towns as well as agricultural
runoff. The temporal variations for metals like Fe, Cu, and Pb exhibit higher values during the monsoon season, which are
related to agricultural runoff. Concentrations of Ni, Pb, and Cd exceed the maximum permissible limits of surface water quality
in some polluted stations and pose health risks. Dissolved heavy metals like Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Pb exhibit a non-conservative
behavior during estuarine mixing, while Zn, Cu, and Co distribution is conservative. Distribution of cadmium in the estuarine
region indicates some mobilization which may be due to desorption. The enrichment ratio data suggest that various industrial
wastes and municipal wastes contribute most of the dissolved metals in the Mahanadi River. The Mahanadi River transports 18.216
× 103 t of total heavy metals into the Bay of Bengal and the calculated rate of erosion in the basin is 128.645 kg km − 2 year − 1. 相似文献
15.
16.
Genc E Sangun MK Dural M Can MF Altunhan C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):59-65
The European eel’s swimbladder nematode, Anguillicola crassus, sampled from the Asi River (Orontes River) in Antakya (Hatay, Turkey) in May 2006 were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for their some heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels. The metal concentrations
of the parasites were compared to different organs (swimbladder, liver, muscle and skin) of the fish hosts. The parasite contained
statistically highly significantly amounts of Fe (P < 0.05). The iron level of nematode was up to 25.52 times than the muscle of its host, Anguilla anguilla. However, bioconcentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn were detected in the A. crassus and it contained no statistically differences with the other tissues of its host, the eel (P > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were detected in the heavy metal accumulations between the parasitized and
un-parasitized fish tissues. The analysed metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were found in fish muscle at mean concentrations
under the permissible limits proposed by FAO. 相似文献
17.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals for edible parts of vegetables grown in sewage-irrigated soils in suburbs of Baoding City,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhan-Jun Xue Shu-Qing Liu Yan-Ling Liu Yong-Lu Yan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3503-3513
With the long-term application of wastewater to vegetable production fields, there is concern about potential health risks
of heavy metals contaminating the edible parts of vegetables grown in contaminated soils in the suburban areas of Baoding
City, China. The average concentration of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated soil was the highest (153.77 mg kg−1), followed by Pb (38.35 mg kg−1), Cu (35.06 mg kg−1), Ni (29.81 mg kg−1), and Cd (0.22 mg kg−1) which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the reference soil. The results showed that long-term sewage irrigation had led to a growing accumulation
of heavy metals in the soils, especially for Cd, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, the concentrations of elemental Cd, Zn, and Ni in
vegetables (e.g., Beassica pekinensis L., Allium fistulosum L., Spinacia oleracea L.) collected from the wastewater-irrigated soils exceeded the maximum permissible limits, and this also increased the daily
intake of metals by food. However, compared with the health risk index of <1 for heavy metals, the ingestion of vegetables
from the soils irrigated with sewage effluent posed a low health risk. Nevertheless, heavy metal concentrations should be
periodically monitored in vegetables grown in these soils together with the implementation effective remediation technologies
to minimize possible impacts on human health. 相似文献
18.
Bohumila Bezvodová 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1995,34(2):163-166
In the North Bohemian forest soils the total content and EDTA, HAc and H2O-extractable portions of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn were investigated. Increased concentration of Pb in topsoils, in comparison with subsoils, is the result of air pollution. The extractable portion of all studied heavy metals is higher in topsoil than in subsoil. 相似文献
19.
Herrero-Hernández E Andrades MS Rodríguez-Cruz MS Arienzo M Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3359-3371
The long-term variability of total Cu content from fungicides applied in a certified wine region of Spain (La Rioja) and of
other metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was evaluated in three young vineyard soils and subsoils unamended and amended with
spent mushroom substrates (SMS) over a 3-year period (2006–2008). SMS is a promising agricultural residue as an amendment
to increase the soil organic matter content but may modify the behaviour of metals from pesticide utilisation in vineyards.
Fresh and composted SMS was applied each year at a rate of 25 t ha−1 (dry-weight). Copper concentrations in the three unamended soils were 21.2–88.5, 25.5–77.1, and 29.4–78.4 mg kg−1. They exceeded natural Cu concentrations of the region and reference sub-lethal hazardous concentration for soil organism.
The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn were largely below the sub-lethal limits. Thus, although Cu levels were lower than
those of established vineyards, vine performance, and productivity might be affected. The variation in behaviour between different
amendments for each soil was high, so a generic conclusion could not be drawn. The amendment practice seemed to have caused
temporarily Cu mobilization respect to untreated soils. Total zinc concentrations fall within the range of the natural soil
of La Rioja and were significantly affected (p < 0.05) especially by fresh state SMS addition, with increasing up to 75% respect to untreated specimen. The results indicated
a build-up of fresh sites for metal retention at both surface and subsurface level, although no accumulation of metals was
observed in the short-term period. However, the benefit for soils and the negative effects need to be monitored in the long
run. 相似文献
20.
Fernandes C Fontaínhas-Fernandes A Cabral D Salgado MA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):267-275
Esmoriz–Paramos lagoon is an ecosystem of great ecological importance that is located on the northwest coast of Portugal and
has been degraded as a result of industrial and anthropogenic activities. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn)
were measured in water, sediment and in tissues (liver and muscle) of Liza saliens, which is the dominant fish from the lagoon. Comparisons between metal concentrations in water and sediments were made with
those in tissues of fish caught at the lagoon. Metals in water were quantified predominantly bound to particulate and equalled
or exceeded the limit of chronic reference values. Metal concentrations in sediments varied among sampled sites. The relative
order of concentrations was “Zn > Cu ∼ Pb > Cr” the same pattern observed for metals in water. Metals in fish tissues showed
higher concentrations in liver (262 mg Cu·Kg−1 and 89 mg Zn·Kg−1) than in muscle (<3 mg Cu·Kg−1 and 26 mg Zn·Kg−1), while Pb and Cr were not detected. These results suggest that Cu and Zn are the metals of major concern in the lagoon.
Mullet detritivorous feeding habits, bioaccumulation pattern and the high sediment metals concentrations relative to the water
suggest that sediments can be the most important source of contamination in this ecosystem. The positive relationship found
between Cu in liver and fish length demonstrates that time of exposure is a crucial factor in bioaccumulation. Condition indices
(K and HSI) in mullets from the lagoon were higher compared to mullets from sea, suggesting abnormal condition in the lagoon
population. We conclude that metals chronic exposure in the lagoon can impose considerable fish stress. The results also show
that the lagoon is an area of environmental concern. 相似文献