EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水的应用

采用EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水,对工艺的运行效果、污染物的去除途径及温度对污染物去除率的影响进行了研究分析.一年的观测结果表明,该工艺结合了生物技术和生态工程的优点,能有效去除生活污水中的有机物、氮、磷和粪大肠菌群,且处理效果稳定.温度对有机物、总磷的去除效率影响较小,对总氮、氨氮去除效率影响较大,在冬...     

常州市城市污水治理截流管工业废水排放标准

本文在研究了工业废水生物处理工艺对污染物的去除能力和废水生物处理允许毒物浓度的基础上,根据常州市城市污水治理一期工程截流区工业废水发生量和纳污水体环境容量,结合截流管道运行要求和污染物削减的技术经济分析,制订了常州市污水治理一期工程截流区工业废水接管排放标准.     

进水浓度和水力停留时间对浮水植物净化效果的影响

以浮萍、大薸、凤眼莲3种浮水植物为试材,分别在水力停留2 d、4 d、8 d、10 d、12 d和14 d测定污水中DO、COD、TP、NH_3-N含量。通过比较植物在不同浓度污水中的净化效果,确定其在最佳浓度污水中对各污染物处理的最佳停留时间。结果表明,3种植物在适宜污水浓度均表现出较强净化效果。净化周期内,NH_3-N、TP去除率变化趋势与DO变化趋势一致,大薸、浮萍、凤眼莲在低浓度污水中对NH_3-N、TP去除率最好,NH3-N最佳停留时间分别为8 d、12 d、14 d,TP去除的最佳停留时间均为10 d,中浓度污水适合COD去除,大薸、浮萍、凤眼莲对COD去除的最佳停留时间分别为14 d、8 d、10 d。     

双膜法对水中微塑料有机物复合污染物的去除特性研究

针对饮用水水源的微塑料污染问题,采用超滤纳滤双膜法处理微塑料有机物复合污染物,系统考察了不同水质条件下的净水效能。结果表明,双膜系统的超滤段可完全去除粒径为2μm的聚苯乙烯塑料微球,为纳滤段提供稳定的进水条件,系统的出水水质良好。微塑料与有机物之间的相互作用,有利于超滤段去除有机污染物,从而减缓纳滤膜污染。离子强度的增加会降低超滤段对有机物的去除效果,钙离子(Ca 2+)和镁离子(Mg 2+)与有机物的络合作用会显著增加双膜系统的膜污染,pH值的升高可提高双膜系统的净水效果。双膜系统可为微塑料有机物复合污染物去除体系的优化提供参考。     

污水中微量污染物对Anammox活性抑制机制研究进展

综述了芳香污染物、金属和金属纳米颗粒、抗生素等3种污水中常见微量污染物对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)菌群的抑制效应，分析了导致Anammox活性丧失的抑制机理，指出抑制作用多表现为对细胞膜的损害，抑制效果受污染物在细胞质中扩散、溶解和摄入细胞能力的影响。针对不同的污染物提出了相应的应对策略，可以通过淘洗菌种、投加新鲜种群、添加促进剂等方式提高Anammox活性和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量，也可以利用驯化手段诱导抗性基因的产生，或采用生物膜法增强Anammox群落对污染物的耐受性。     

污染物总量监测中的若干问题

阐述了污染物总量监测是以各污染物排放口监测为基础的区域排污量的整体系统测量工程这一概念。提出对工艺成熟运行稳定的污水处理厂污染排放总量监测可用每日人工采样监测与可靠的流量测量来实现,并以扬子石化污水处理厂污水监测为例加以论证。     

市政污水氧化沟处理工艺对人类致病菌群落组成的影响——以南京市某污水处理厂为例

人类致病菌(HPB)在市政污水中广泛存在,对人类健康产生严重威胁.以南京市某污水处理厂为例,采集1年内污水处理厂进水、污泥和生化处理出水样品,利用16S rRNA基因PCR扩增和高通量测序技术解析了 HPB群落组成特征,研究了生化处理过程中水质理化指标与HPB群落组成的相关性.结果表明,进水和生化处理出水中HPB的检出...     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素在水环境中的去除研究综评

介绍了水环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的危害,分析了其在污泥吸附、微生物降解和光降解作用下的去除机理。综述了去除氟喹诺酮类抗生素的常规处理技术（活性污泥法和人工湿地）、深度处理技术（高级氧化和膜处理）,以及新型处理技术（超声降解、土壤渗滤系统和生物电强化）的研究进展与优劣,指出不同反应体系的去除机理和途径不一致,需要针对多相、多污染介质的复杂实际环境开展进一步研究。     

回流污泥比对厌氧释磷效果影响研究

为系统研究厌氧污泥回流比对生物除磷效果的影响,本文以实际生活污水作为研究水样,研究不同污泥回流比下厌氧段对COD、N、P的去除效果,深入研究污泥回流比对生物强化除磷代谢过程的影响。结果表明,在厌氧环境中污泥回流比对NH3-N的去除没有明显影响,但对硝态氮、TP、COD的去除影响较大。最佳回流污泥比应控制在60%~80%左右,在这两个工况下,PAO释磷量能达到24.13mg/L,这样能使PAO在厌氧池有效地利用碳源,充分释磷,从而提高除磷效率,同时应控制最佳厌氧有效时间为2~3h,如果厌氧时间过长或者过短都对PAO释磷产生一定的负作用。     

淄博市污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物赋存特征分析及生态风险评价

采用气相色谱质谱法对淄博市16家代表性污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物的赋存状况进行了分析研究,并运用风险商值(RQ)法对污泥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物的含量为1.35~35.89 mg/kg,平均值为11.48 mg/kg,不同有机污染物百分含量排序为邻苯二甲酸酯>苯酚类>卤代烃类>PAHs>硝基苯类>胺类>氯苯类>苯系物>硝基酚类=氯酚类>醚类。与其他地区相比,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中各类有机污染物的含量总体处于中低水平。此外,同一区县内的不同污水处理厂污泥中的有机污染物含量相近、种类及分布特征相似,不同区县间的有机污染物含量差异显著。风险评价结果显示,除极少数污水处理厂污泥中的萘、苊、芴、芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、总PAHs(∑PAHs)处于高风险水平外,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中的PAHs单体、∑PAHs总体处于中低风险水平。     

水和废水中阴离子表面活性剂测定干扰因素试验研究

对二氮杂菲萃取分光光度法测定水和废水中阴离子表面活性剂的主要干扰因素进行了试验研究.设计了温度过低、浑浊带色和混溶乳化3种干扰试验方案,探讨了各干扰因素在不同工况下的试验结果、影响程度及消除措施.提出温度过低须在测定前提高环境温度,以确保显色反应完全;浑浊带色须在测定中采用色(浊)度校正法消除干扰;混溶乳化可在测定中利...     

紫外-可见分光光度法用于染料废水絮凝脱色效果测定的研究

染料废水絮凝处理后的脱色率是检验絮凝剂絮凝效果的重要指标。文章通过测定废水絮凝处理前后吸光度值的变化 ,从而精确计算出脱色率 ,可避免传统目视比色法带来的人为误差。采用分光光度法测定染料废水絮凝脱色率 ,方法简单、易掌握     

气浮+磷酸铵镁化学沉淀法处理铝材行业氟化氢铵表面处理废水

针对铝材企业NH4HF2表面处理废水含有高浓度的NHs-N和F-等特点,采用气浮+磷酸铵镁(MAP)化学沉淀法对NH4HF2废水进行预处理,可达到目标处理效果,再引入氧化废水池进一步处理,继而达标排放.经验证,该方法是一种技术可行、经济合理的NH4 HF2废水处理方法.     

聚合硫酸铁处理终端焦化废水的研究

确定了聚合硫酸铁处理终端焦化废水的最佳投药量和 p H值 ,讨论了影响其混凝效果的主要因素。实验结果表明 ,处理后出水 COD、浊度的去除率达 80 %以上 ,对酚、氰的去除率可达到 40 %、5 0 %。     

Effectiveness of three configurations of membrane bioreactors on the removal of priority and emergent organic compounds from wastewater: comparison with conventional wastewater treatments

In this work the effectiveness of membrane bioreactors as advanced treatment on the removal of emergent and priority organic compounds in wastewater treatment plants has been evaluated during a one-year monitoring study. The studied wastewater treatment plant operates with flat sheet and hollow fibre membranes in two parallel lines. Moreover, a reverse osmosis module connected in series after the hollow fibre membrane was evaluated for one month. Comparison of membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge treatment was also investigated, as well as the influence of the physicochemical properties of the compounds on the removal rates achieved. Sixteen pharmaceutical compounds belonging to seven therapeutic groups and eight priority organic pollutants, including linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, nonylphenol and its ethoxylates and phthalate, were monitored. The highest mean concentrations corresponded to priority organic pollutants (309 μg L(-1) of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate C(12)) followed by pharmaceutical compounds (24.5 μg L(-1) of ibuprofen). No significant difference of effectiveness was found among flat sheet and hollow fibre membranes. However, an improvement was obtained with the addition of a reverse osmosis module for most of the compounds. Biodegradation has been shown as the main route involved in the removal of organic compounds during both technologies.     

The variability of PCDD/F concentrations in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants with regard to their hydrological environment

The occurrence, concentrations, patterns, and loads of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in treated wastewater collected at the outlets from 14 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs), divided into three size categories. The analysis also considered the effect of wastewater outflow on the final concentrations of PCDDs/Fs, as the samples were collected during flooding and stable hydrological conditions. None of the studied WTPs were found to completely remove toxic congeners of PCDDs/Fs from wastewater: the PCDD concentrations in the outgoing effluent during stable wastewater flow ranged from 2.99 to 177.19 pg/L, PCDFs from 6.05 to 51.30 pg/L, and the Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) was between 0.94 and 4.87 pg/L. The results from high wastewater flow were less diversified, ranging from 5.04 to 8.85 pg/L for PCDDs, from 11.47 to 32.33 pg/L for PCDFs and from 2.00 to 4.65 pg/L for TEQ. The smallest WTPs demonstrated the highest average total and TEQ concentrations due to limited volume, short retention time and outdated technology, and, hence, insufficient treatment efficiency. The largest WTPs have the potential to substantially affect the quality of river water, as despite being associated with the lowest concentrations, they released much greater volumes of treated wastewater and, hence, the greatest amounts of analyzed compounds. Elevated TEQ values were observed at high flow in all WTP size categories indicating the impact of high and stable wastewater flow on the concentrations of the observed PCDDs/Fs.     

一种新型微生物絮凝剂的制备及对Cu2+去除性能的探究

以城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥为原料,通过超声波细胞破碎制备微生物絮凝剂。采用控制变量法考察污泥浓度、超声波破碎时间对絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响,并探究絮凝液的投加量、pH值、温度、振荡时间、振荡频率、共存金属等因素对5 mg/L Cu^2+模拟废水的去除效果,分析了微生物絮凝剂去除Cu^2+的作用机理。结果表明:当污泥质量浓度为100 g/L,超声波破碎时间15 min时,絮凝剂的絮凝效果最好;当pH值为6.5,温度50℃,絮凝液投加量40 mL,振荡时间1 min,振荡频率200 r/min时去除效果最佳。     

Assessing the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units

Wastewater reuse can significantly reduce environmental pollution and save the water sources. The study selected Cheng-Ching Lake water treatment plant in southern Taiwan to discuss the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units. The treatment units of this plant include wastewater basin, sedimentation basin, sludge thickener and sludge dewatering facility. In this study, the treatment efficiency of SS and turbidity were 48.35–99.68% and 24.15–99.36%, respectively, showing the significant removal efficiency of the wastewater process. However, the removal efficiencies of NH₃–N, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are limited by wastewater treatment processes. Because NH₃–N, TOC and COD of the mixing supernatant and raw water are regulated raw water quality standards, supernatant reuse is feasible and workable during wastewater processes at this plant. Overall, analytical results indicated that supernatant reuse is feasible.     

焦化废水生化处理过程中溶解性有机物及毒性变化规律

焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。