在线流动注射预浓集原子吸收测定工业废水中的痕量Cu、Co、Ni

实验部分 1.仪器和试剂:HITACHI 180—80偏光塞曼原子吸收分光光度计附056型记录仪;FIA—12型流动注射仪;六通进样阀(美国RHEODYNE联合公司)。 微型离子交换柱:内径1.5mm,柱管长70mm,实际装柱长度50～60mm(羟基磷灰石重0.009～0.10g)。 柱材料:羟基磷灰石(60～80目)(北京工业大学合成)     

高效液相色谱法测定空气中的邻苯二甲酸酯类

以甲醇为吸收采集空气中的邻苯二甲酸酯类,用乙腈／水为流动相,ＷａｔｅｒｓＯＤＳ柱分离,高效液相色谱仪上检测器检测,具有线性范围宽,重现性好和回收率等特点。     

比色法测定工业废水中的甲醛

条件试验表明,甲醛乙酰丙酮比色液的最大吸收波长为414nm。在该波长条件下,甲醇、苯酚等废水中的共存物质不干扰测定。甲醛变色酸比色液的最大吸收区间为560～570nm,本文选用570nm。苯酚的干扰经试用强碱型阴离子交换树脂柱进行脱酚处理,当苯酚含量在20mg/L以内时未见干扰。     

高压液相色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中的阿特拉津

通过条件实验,建立了水体中阿特拉津的高效液相色谱检测法,以ODS C18柱为色谱柱,甲醇:水=60:40为流动相,检测波长225nm,柱温40℃,用二氯甲烷萃取,外标法定量,线性范围为0.02～10.0mg/L,相关系数达0.9999,采样体积为500 ml时,方法检出限为0.012μg/L,精密度在2.5%～11.4...     

离子色谱预处理方法的定量研究

离子色谱预处理是离子色谱分析测定过程中必不可少的重要环节,只有通过正确的预处理才可能使测定结果准确无误。在多次实验分析和总结的基础上,提出精确的确定预处理量、次数与实验分析准确性的关系。在预处理柱内通过3倍柱体积以上的样品后,可以保证实验数据的准确性和精密度。为离子色谱的精确测定提供了可靠的操作依据与指导。     

24小时连续采样过程中影响二氧化硫采样效率的有关因素探讨

一、实验方法采用“配对比较法”作不同吸收液以及不同采样流量的吸收效率对比实验.即用两支经测定阻力相等、发泡均匀的75ml多孔玻板吸收瓶,内装50ml吸收液.在同一实验条件下,用二氧化硫标气,对四氯汞钾和甲醛缓冲液(下简称TCM和BFA吸收液)的吸收效率,以及不同采样流量时的吸收效率进行考查.     

空气相对湿度对连续恒温采样的影响

本实验按《环境监测技术规范》提供的方法,在采样前以曝气法驱逐浓H_2SO_4中的SC_2.1.实验部分1.1 浓H_2SO_4中SO_2的去除:在内盛100ml浓H_2SO_4洗气瓶前串接内盛50mlSO_2吸收液(四氯汞钾吸收液或甲醛缓冲吸收液)的吸收瓶,用以吸收环境空气中的SO_2.曝气试验的采气流量为0.2～0.5L/min.经过一段时间曝气后,在其后串联一多孔玻极吸收管,内装10ml吸收液采样分析,检查SO_2是否除尽(图1).     

填充柱气相色谱法测定空气和废气中的乙酸

在用蒸馏水吸收空气或废气中的乙酸后,采用5%PEG20M+0.5%H3PO4chromo-sorbHP80～100目2m×2mm玻璃填充柱,GC直接进样测定蒸馏水中的乙酸,方法简便、快捷,变异系数为2%～5%,加标回收率为85%～106%,最低检出浓度为0.16mg/m3。     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水中的硝酸盐氮

采用GMA3212型气相分子吸收光谱仪测定海水中的硝酸盐氮,在常规海水中硝酸盐氮质量浓度范围内(0~4.00 mg/L)线性良好(线性相关系数0.999 9),检出限为0.004 mg/L,标准溶液平行测定的相对标准偏差小于或等于1.44%,相对误差小于或等于1.33%,实际水样加标回收率为96.0%~102%。通过与国标方法镉柱还原法的比对实验,2种方法在精密度、准确度、实样比对等方面均无显著性差异,测定结果具有良好的一致性。气相分子吸收光谱法具有操作简便、分析快速准确、试剂消耗少、适合批量测定等优点,是值得推介的先进方法。     

固相萃取填料对水中脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂萃取效率的影响

以水中11种脂肪族二元酸酯类(ADEs)增塑剂的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPE-GC-MS)为例,探讨了用C₁₈柱和HLB柱萃取水样时不同品牌、不同批号的SPE填料和C₁₈柱封端与否及相对应的洗脱溶剂不同配比对萃取效率的影响。实验结果表明:正己烷不可作为C₁₈柱和HLB柱的淋洗溶剂;11种ADEs用不同配比的二氯甲烷/正己烷溶剂体系洗脱,对C₁₈柱和HLB柱,不同SPE填料最佳二氯甲烷体积分数分别为0~60%和15%~20%;未经封端处理的C₁₈柱不适合作为ADEs的SPE柱;最佳溶剂洗脱体积为5 mL,样品穿透体积至少为200 mL;在优化条件下,11种ADEs方法检出限为0.2~0.5 μg/L,实际样品加标回收率为85.2%~113%,平行样相对标准偏差为5.5%~18%,各特性指标显示该方法正确度、精密度和灵敏度良好。     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害，结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

Lake destratification and speciation of iron and manganese

A long-term study of the effect of artificial aeration (destratification) of a water storage dam upon the speciation of iron and manganese in the dam waters has been undertaken. Separation of dam samples into soluble and insoluble forms by selective membrane filtration was undertaken before using the techniques of EPR spectroscopy, ion chromatography and gel filtration to assess the speciation of soluble species, and selective extraction and surface analysis (ESCA, SIMS and SEM) techniques to determine the speciation of particulate iron and manganese species. The percentages of soluble iron and manganese before (1983–85) and after (1986–88) artificial aeration are compared for the periods Jan–Dec, Jan–Mar, and Jun–Aug at three depths 6 m, 15 m and 0.5 m above the dam base, to assess the importance of seasonal changes in the various depths of the dam. Although aeration had an initial marked reduction in levels of soluble iron and manganese at all depths of the dam, the concentrations of these mtals showed a steady increase over succeeding years. Analysis of the figures over summer and winter periods shows that the reduction of soluble iron was maintained in summer, but not during winter. Upon aeration, the initial reduction of soluble manganese concentration was maintained in succeeding years in the epilimnic regions of the dam, but not in the hypolimnion. Statistical analysis of data has been undertaken to correlate the changes in relationship between the various forms of iron and manganese with the advent of aeration.     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...