万峰湖总有机碳空间分布特征

于2012年9月对万峰湖(水库)的总有机碳(TOC)空间分布特征进行研究,结果显示:TOC含量范围为0.41~3.94 mg/L。TOC在纵向分布上的差异不显著,在垂向分布上,总体呈现出上层中层下层的趋势。TOC在垂向上的分布差异主要源于万峰湖属于深水水库,不同深度水层因光照和温度差异所导致生物量的多寡是致使万峰湖出现上层TOC浓度明显高于中层和下层的主要因素。     

常州市老城区水体有机污染分布特征及原因初探

为了老城区河道的合理整治,采用总有机碳（TOC）分析仪对常州市老城区3条河流及区域内浅层地下水的14个采样点水样进行3个月的总有机碳含量检测。老城区水环境受到不同程度的有机污染,某些地下水的TOC含量高于地表水,原因为地表水补给地下水,且老城区水体污染源主要来源于周边地区的生活污水,并受到关河、雨水等的影响,这为常州市老城区水污染治理提供了依据。     

利用TOC-5000A总有机碳分析仪测定环境水样中包含全部颗粒态有机碳的研究

本文结合TOC总有机碳分析仪和SSM固体样品燃烧装置各自的特点，探索了测定环境水样中包含全部颗粒态有机碳的测定方法．此方法能够全面反映环境水样中总有机碳的含量     

呼伦贝尔地区草原表层土壤中总有机碳与有机质初探

通过非分散红外线吸收法测定呼伦贝尔地区具有代表性的16个草原表层土壤(0~20 cm)中总有机碳、溶解性有机碳,使用重铬酸钾容量法测定有机质,并对其总有机碳与有机质水平及两者相关性进行了分析。初步分析了造成各样品之间总有机碳水平差异的原因。结果表明,只以打草场作为利用方式的土壤总有机碳含量较常年放牧场的总有机碳含量高。从草原类型和土壤类型上看,草甸草原总有机碳含量明显高于典型草原,黑钙土总有机碳含量明显高于栗钙土。综上,过度放牧会使草原土壤总有机碳大量释放。总有机碳含量与有机质含量有显著正相关性,相关系数达到0.902。     

地表水中TOC与COD换算关系研究

总有机碳(TOC)相对于化学需氧量(COD) 能够更全面地反映水体中有机物的污染程度,且TOC测定仪操作简单,数据准确。通过18个地表水水质自动监测站对水中有机污染物的COD与TOC监测数据的相关性研究,建立了TOC与COD之间的线性回归方程,为地表水的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了数据支持。     

中国部分城市自来水的总有机碳测定

自来水是城镇居民的主要生活用水来源,用总有机碳(TOC)方法可快速监测其有机污染情况,保障人民生活质量。测定了国内13个城市的自来水TOC值,一定程度上反映了当前国内自来水的有机污染现状。     

地面水中总有机碳分析

本文研究了国产总有机碳分析仪测定地面水中总有机碳的方法。经过对原仪器中电导检测器电导液的稀释,用加酸搅拌方法除去水样中无机碳,总有机碳检测限可达0.7mg/L。     

特定水质中BOD_5与COD相关性的探讨

化学耗氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)以及总有机碳(TOC)、总耗氧量(TOD),它们都是评价水质好坏的重要指标。COD是指示水体受有机物及无机还原性物质污染的主要指标,而水样受有机物污染是普遍的,因此化学耗氧量(COD)也可作为有机物相对含量的指标之一。生化需氧量(BOD)     

大气总悬浮颗粒中有机碳的测定

本文提出一种新的高灵敏度测定总悬浮颗粒中有机碳的方法一元素分析法。该方法是在氧化炉最佳温度为６００℃时，一步测定出样品中有机碳的含量，并成功地对齐齐哈尔市大气总悬浮颗粒中的有机碳进行了连续的监测。结果表明，总悬浮颗粒中有机碳的含量有较明显的变化规律。     

总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数及化学需氧量的相关性

叙述了研究总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数及化学需氧量相关关系的目的。利用松花江吉林江段 1983年～ 1998年获取的总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数监测资料 ,经统计分析得出该江段总有机碳与高锰酸盐指数及化学需氧量之间有较好的相关性 :高锰酸盐指数 =0 82×总有机碳 ;化学需氧量 =2 2×总有机碳     

Butyltin compounds and their relation with organic matter in marine sediments from San Vicente Bay—Chile

Tributyltin and its degradation products, mono-and dibutyltin have been determined in sediments collected in some representative sites in San Vicente Bay, Chile. The organic matter contents of sediments and water collected simultaneously from the same sampling sites were also determined. High levels of total organic carbon were found in sediments, especially in those from the northern part of the bay (1.80-8.87%). Good correlations were found between total organic carbon and the oxidizable and refractory carbon fractions. Among the butyltin species determined, TBT presented the highest levels, ranging from 14 to 1,560 ng Sn g(-1) dry weight. Concentration ratios of TBT to DBT ranged between 1.33 and 3.10, showing a high degree of contamination in sediments of this Chilean bay. All data obtained were analysed by the chemometric method of principal components analysis. A strong correlation was found between TBT and DBT concentrations in sediments, the different organic matter contents in sediments and water. In marine organisms only TBT was detected, containing the filterer organism Semele solida higher level than Perumytilus purpuratus and Pyura chilensis (220, 150 and 120 ng Sn g(-1) dry weight, respectively). For the alga Rodoficea iridae the TBT concentration was 60 ng Sn g(-1) dw. Comparatively, these values are higher than those reported for the same kind of marine organisms worldwide. The different samples from San Vicente Bay were found to be contaminated by TBT. This contamination can be attributed to the different anthropogenic activities taking place in the bay.     

Water quality of potential reference lakes in the Arkansas Valley and Ouachita Mountain ecoregions,Arkansas

This report describes a study to identify reference lakes in two lake classifications common to parts of two level III ecoregions in western Arkansas—the Arkansas Valley and Ouachita Mountains. Fifty-two lakes were considered. A screening process that relied on land-use data was followed by reconnaissance water-quality sampling, and two lakes from each ecoregion were selected for intensive water-quality sampling. Our data suggest that Spring Lake is a suitable reference lake for the Arkansas Valley and that Hot Springs Lake is a suitable reference lake for the Ouachita Mountains. Concentrations for five nutrient constituents—orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon—were lower at Spring Lake on all nine sampling occasions and transparency measurements at Spring Lake were significantly deeper than measurements at Cove Lake. For the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion, water quality at Hot Springs Lake slightly exceeded that of Lake Winona. The most apparent water-quality differences for the two lakes were related to transparency and total organic carbon concentrations, which were deeper and lower at Hot Springs Lake, respectively. Our results indicate that when nutrient concentrations are low, transparency may be more valuable for differentiating between lake water quality than chemical constituents that have been useful for distinguishing between water-quality conditions in mesotrophic and eutrophic settings. For example, in this oligotrophic setting, concentrations for chlorophyll a can be less than 5 μg/L and diurnal variability that is typically associated with dissolved oxygen in more productive settings was not evident.     

洪泽湖沉积物中磷的形态研究

采用改进的七步连续提取法对洪泽湖9个采样点沉积物中的各形态磷进行了分析,结果表明,所测洪泽湖沉积物中总磷(TP)含量范围为580.7～1 447.7 mg/kg,无机磷(IP)是TP的主要部分,占TP含量的64.32％～88.60％;有机磷(0P)占TP的11.40％～35.68％.受河流注入和人为活动的影响,TP、I...     

A regional inventory and monitoring setup to evaluate bark peeling damage by red deer (Cervus elaphus) in coniferous plantations in Southern Belgium

Sediment phosphorus (P) fractions and sorption characteristics and P release from intact sediment cores of Baiyangdian Lake in North China in spring 2009 were investigated. Results of chemical fractionation showed that total P (TP) content in sediment ranged from 443 to 611 mg kg(?-1). Of the P fractions including inorganic P (IP) and organic P (OP), IP was a dominant component of TP and present in the form of P bounded to calcium (Ca-P) while the bioavailable P content bounded to Al, Fe, and Mn oxides and hydroxides (Fe/Al-P) varied from 14 to 102 mg kg(?-1). The batch experiments showed that the sediments had appreciable maximum P adsorption capacity from 141.86 to 377.37 mg kg(?-1). However, the zero P equilibrium concentration (C?(eq))in most sampling sites was larger than the P concentration in water column. Accordingly, the sediments from those sampling sites would release P into the overlying water at the positive P flux rates as a P release source. Significant positive correlation between P flux rates and Fe/Al-P revealed that the sediment P release would mainly originate from the bioavailable P fraction. It is evident that the inherent phosphorus present in lake sediments would be a major threat to the water quality and ecosystem reservation in Baiyangdian lake.     

水中可吸附有机硫的测定--库仑滴定法

采用智能测硫仪,使吸附在活性炭上的有机硫在高温空气流中燃烧、分解,定量地转化为二氧化硫,用库仑滴定法测定。水中无机硫化物的干扰用乙酸铜均匀沉淀法去除。     

Modeling trihalomethane formation for Jabal Amman water supply in Jordan

A mathematical model that expresses Total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentration in terms of initial chlorine concentration, total organic carbon, bromide ion concentration, contact time, and pH is developed for Zai water treatment plant which supplies water to Jabal Amman. The developed mathematical model is for constant temperature of 20°C. To adjust model calculated TTHM concentrations for temperatures other than 20°C, another mathematical model that expresses TTHM growth rate as function of temperature is also developed. To test the ability of the two developed models in predicting TTHM concentrations throughout water supplies, a sampling program that aimed at measuring TTHM concentrations in addition to the predictors in the two developed mathematical models namely; chlorine concentration, bromide ion concentration, total organic carbon, temperature and pH throughout Jabal Amman water supply was conducted. The two developed mathematical models and WaterCad, which was used to determine water age, were used to predict TTHM concentrations throughout Jabal Amman water supply. Predicted TTHM concentrations were compared to actual TTHM concentrations measured during the sampling program. Results showed that there is good agreement between measured and, calculated TTHM concentrations, which means that the method presented in this paper, can be used to obtain good estimates of TTHM concentrations throughout networks.     

红枫湖水质变化趋势及环境保护政策综合分析

红枫湖是贵阳市重要的饮用水源地,由于城市化发展及诸多原因,自20世纪90年代以来水质受到一定程度污染。1995年省委、省政府立法保护红枫湖,并成立"两湖"领导小组,对红枫湖流域进行综合整治,使其水质得到不断改善。至2019年,红枫湖水体环境质量已经达到治理预期目标,各个监测点位水质从局部劣Ⅴ类改善至整体Ⅱ类。笔者回顾了20世纪90年代以来红枫湖的水质变化趋势,并对引发水质变化的原因、历年政策及措施的执行情况以及存在的问题进行了综合分析。针对红枫湖的生态保护提出治理对策建议。     

贵州高原“两湖一库”富营养化防治途径探讨

通过分析目前贵州高原红枫湖、百花湖和阿哈水库(简称“两湖一库”)水环境状况及污染特征,探讨了湖泊环境保护模式和途径.结果表明,“两湖一库”的水质、生物、底质在同期内表现出截然不同的污染状态,水质的污染滞后于生物和底质;外源输入N和P的营养负荷高,底质营养盐累积量大;湖泊环境保护是一个系统工程,需要体制、机制创新,治理、...     

Effects of sampling techniques on physical parameters and concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants in suspended matter

This study focusses on the effect of sampling techniques for suspended matter in stream water on subsequent particle-size distribution and concentrations of total organic carbon and selected persistent organic pollutants. The key questions are whether differences between the sampling techniques are due to the separation principle of the devices or due to the difference between time-proportional versus integral sampling. Several multivariate homogeneity tests were conducted on an extensive set of field-data that covers the period from 2002 to 2007, when up to three different sampling techniques were deployed in parallel at four monitoring stations of the River Rhine. The results indicate homogeneity for polychlorinated biphenyls, but significant effects due to the sampling techniques on particle-size, organic carbon and hexachlorobenzene. The effects can be amplified depending on the site characteristics of the monitoring stations.