印染废水BOD_5与COD线性关系

印染废水ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ线性关系俞宁（河南省新乡市环境监测站，新乡４５３００３）焦飞（河南省环境监测中心站）经对印染厂废水间歇取样，９次测定数据分析得回归方程：ｙ＝０４６８９ｘ＋０７０８４，其相关系数为γ＝０９９２８（ｙ，ｘ分别为ＢＯＤ５，ＣＯ...     

黄酒工业废水COD与BOD_5相关性

黄酒工业废水ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５相关性柳海萍（浙江省绍兴县环境监测站，绍兴３１２０００）①酒厂在生产全过程各工序产生的废水，ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５存在极显著相关性，其回归方程：ＢＯＤ５＝－４８１＋０６６ＣＯＤ，相关系数０９９６７；②黄酒企业综合性废水及排...     

BOD5稀释倍数的探讨

对稀释法测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）稀释倍数探讨如下。１已知ＣＯＤ值对于初次测定成分复杂的工业废水,若已知ＣＯＤ（Ｃ）值,其α（ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ）一般在０２～０８之间,则ＢＯＤ５＝（０２～０８）ＣＯＤ根据《水和废水监测分析方法（第３版）》,ＢＯ...     

啤酒厂排放废水中COD与BOD_5的相关性分析

啤酒厂排放废水中ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５的相关性分析唐韵雯（四川峨眉山市环境监测站，峨眉６１４２００）在本文测定的废水条件下，ＣＯＤ对ＢＯＤ５的回归直线方程为：ＢＯＤ５＝－７３．８＋０．８３８４ＣＯＤ。说明，①本文所用２８组统计数据是从５６组数据中选出，凡耗...     

BOD5测定中稀释倍数选择的探讨

通过分析得知,本地区生活污水及水温大于１０℃的地面水,其溶解氧与ＢＯＤ５呈显著负相关。回归方程分别为ＢＯＤ５＝２１．５４－２ＤＯ,ＢＯＤ５＝８．８３－０．６５ＤＯ。这样,已知ＤＯ可估算出ＢＯＤ５再由ＢＯＤ５计算公式求出水样在释释水中所占的比例。多年来对各种生活不和水温大于１０℃的地面水的测试证,表明此方法简便易行。     

五日生化需氧量测定中稀释倍数的估算

假定样品经过培养后耗氧率达５５％；推导出ＢＯＤ５稀释倍数Ｋ＝ＢＯＤ５／４．４，由稀释程度规定推导出ＢＯＤ５稀释倍数Ｋ＝（ＢＯＤ５－１）／４．０两种方法Ｋ基本相同，标准样品，工业废水经上述方法稀释后，测定结果比较满意，尤其对工业废水测定，既缩短了分析时间，又降低了测定误差。     

N─苯甲酰苯基羟胺／吡啶偶氮染料配体交换反应萃取分光光度法测定固体废物浸出液中的微量钒

在强酸性介质中，ＶＯ３与Ｎ－苯甲酰苯基羟胺（ＢＰＨＡ）反应生成紫红色络合物，能定量地被ＣＨＣＬ３萃取．萃取液加入２－（５－溴－２－吡啶偶氮）－５－二乙氨基酚（５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ）后可发生配体交换反应，并生成橙红色的Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ—ＰＡＤＡＰ络合物，有机相可直接用于光度测定．Ｖ（Ｖ）－５—Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ的最大吸收波长为６００ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数为５．４Ｘ１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，线性范围为０～０．７６μｇｖ／ｗｌ。     

提高硫化物标准溶液稳定性的研究

提高硫化物标准溶液稳定性的研究林小琪（广西南宁市环境监测站,南宁５３００１２）①去离子除ＤＯ、ＣＯ２水：将当天去离子水通入高纯氮气至饱和而成。②ｐＨ＝９２的硼砂缓冲液：称取Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·１０Ｈ２Ｏ１９０７ｇ溶于１０００ｍｌ水中。③硫化钠纯化：将...     

缫丝废水化学耗氧量与生化需氧量相关性探讨

根据缫丝行业废水ＣＯＤＣｒ与ＢＯＤ５的测定结果，通过研究它们之间的相关性，建立了相关方程式，从而以ＣＯＤｃｒ值预测预报ＢＯＤ５值，大大简化了分析测试工作，对控制该行业污染及其治理，加强监督管理起到积极作用。     

5－Cl－PADAB－SDS分光光度法连续测定血清及废水中的铜和铁

在十二烷基硫酸钠，氟化钠和盐酸羟胺存在下，ＰＨ＝５．２～７醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）分别与５－ＣＩ－ＰＡＤＡＢ形成紫红色络合物。选择测定波长为５３０ｎｍ，铜和铁的摩尔吸光系数分别为５２×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，６０×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·Ｃｍ－１．铜和铁分别在０～１２ｕｇ／１０ｍｌ和０～１０ｕｇ／１０ｍ１范围内符合比尔定律。选用了硫代硫酸钠－硫脲褪色液和ＥＤＴＡ掩蔽剂，直接用于血清及水中铜和铁的连续测定，结果满意。     

地表水中BOD 5监测时的快速估算

阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性,提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值,但是,首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系.举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用.     

Practical field application of a novel BOD monitoring system

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) monitoring system, based on electrochemically-active bacteria in combination with a microbial fuel cell, has been developed for the purpose of on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring of practical wastewater. A microbial fuel cell that had been enriched with electrochemically-active bacteria was used as the basis of the measurement system. When synthetic wastewater was fed to the system, the current generation pattern and its Coulombic yield were found to be dependent on the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the BOD5 of the synthetic wastewater were established. Real wastewater obtained from a sewage treatment plant also produced a highly linear correlation between the Coulombic yield and BOD5 in the system. To examine on-site, on-line and real-time monitoring capability, the BOD monitoring system was installed at a sewage treatment plant. Over 60 days, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability with the measuring period for a sample being 45 min. This application showed that the application of the measurement system was a rapid and practical way for the determination of BOD5 in water industries.     

Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.     

淀山湖水质状况及富营养化评价

对2001年—2007年淀山湖水质监测结果进行了分析和评价。结果表明,淀山湖的水质均未达到Ⅱ类水质标准,主要超标项目为氨氮、TP、TN、石油类、IMn、COD和BOD5。综合营养状态指数为60.79～63.57,均处于中度富营养状态,chla与石油类和透明度具有很好的相关性,与TP具有较好的负相关性,与BOD5具有一定的负相关性,与水温、DO、IMn、COD、氨氮、TN的相关性不显著。chla季节变化较为明显。     

Adsorption of Cotton Fabric Dyestuff Waste Water on Nigeria Agricultural Semi-Activated Carbon

The Kaduna river in Nigeria is in such great environmental stress that the self-purifying capacity of the river has been exceeded as a result of industrial discharges. The river water is blue-green and pollution build-up is evident on the river banks. Techniques were designed to rid the river of visible signs of pollution by incorporating the principles of adsorption and incineration.Semi-activated carbon from agricultural wastes were used to treat the waste water. Residual colors, amber, yellow and orange, were obtained and the solute removed ranged from 96-99.8% and the volatile residue removed by carbon treatment ranged from 3-3.8%. Incineration of 1 kg waste water yielded 40 g solid residue.Adsorption of dyestuff present in the waste water was linear and increased with concentrations of waste water per unit mass of guinea corn carbon. Replicate results yielded: y = 2.5 + 0.130x y = 2.306 + 0.017x where x =log10% concentration of dyestuff waste water (independent variable); y = log10 adsorption of dyestuff waste-weight gramme-1 carbon. Unit of weight = milligramme (dependent variable).For maize carbon, adsorption was linear but decreased with increasing concentrations. Replicate results were: y = 1.583 - 0.21x y = 0.52 - 0.32x x and y here are the same as above; with cane sugar carbon, adsorption was independent of concentrations. Student t-test showed no statistical difference between the replicates at the 99.5% level.     

地表水BOD_5的快速预测预报

地表水五日生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的测试需要五天时间，分析周期较长。本文建立了ＢＯＤ５与高锰酸盐指数（ＣＯＤＭｎ）、ＢＯＤ５与溶解氧（ＤＯ）之间的直线回归方程，通过测定地表水的ＣＯＤＭｎ和ＤＯ可分别对地表水的ＢＯＤ５实现快速预测预报。现场使用溶解氧测定仪检测ＤＯ，可立即预报地表水的ＢＯＤ５。     

总量控制模型在河流水质预测中的应用

本文根据卫河实际情况，采用总量控制模型对卫河水质中有机污染指标化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）和生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）进行了预测，取得了与实际监测数据较为接近的结果，其中ＣＯＤ预测精度达８５％，ＢＯＤ５预测精度则达到了９５％以上。该方法简便直观、易于掌握，具有较强的实用性。     

Air pollution and diseases of the respiratory tracts in pre-school children: A transfer function model

The purpose of the present statistical analysis was the assessment of the relation between time series of environmental factors and of frequencies of diseases of the respiratory system in pre-school children. During about one year, daily measurements of air pollutants and climatic variables were taken. During the same period of time two series of medical data were collected: (i) The daily relative number of pre-school children, exhibiting diseases of the respiratory tracts who either came to the outpatients' clinic of the children's hospital or were reported by paediatricians in Basle (ENTRIES). (ii) The daily relative frequency of symptoms of the respiratory tracts observed in a group of randomly selected pre-school children (SYMPTOMS).By means of transfer function models the relation between the two target variables and the explaining variables was analysed. Several practical problems did arise: Choice of the appropriate transformation of the different series, interpretation of the crosscorrelation function using different methods of prewhitening, time splitting and nonstationarity of the crosscorrelation structure. In particular, it was found that after prewhitening the crosscorrelation function between the explanatory series SO₂ and the response series SYMPTOMS changes with time. While during the winter period an instantaneous relation between these two series (and to a lesser extent between NO₂ and SYMPTOMS) was identified, no such relation was found for the other seasons.     

Long-term relationships between SO2 and NOx emissions and SO4(2-) and NO3- concentration in bulk deposition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH

A highly significant second-order polynomial relation between SO(2) emissions and SO(4)(2-) concentrations during 1970-2000 (r(2)= 0.80, p= <0.001), and a linear relation between NO(x) and NO(3)(-) concentrations during 1991-2000 (r(2)= 0.67, p= 0.004) in bulk precipitation were found for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH based on emissions from a 24 h, back-trajectory determined source area. Earlier periods (1965-1980) for SO(2)ratio SO(4)(2-) and longer periods (1965-2000) for NO(x)ratio NO(3)(-) had poorer linear relations, r(2)= 0.03, p= 0.51 and r(2)= 0.22, p= 0.004, respectively. Methodology by the US Environmental Protection Agency for calculating emissions data during this period has changed significantly and frequently, making trend analysis difficult. Given the large potential for errors in estimating emissions and to a lesser extent, deposition, the robust relations between SO(2) emissions and SO(4)(2-) concentrations in bulk precipitation at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest show that careful, long-term measurements from a single monitoring site can provide sound and reasonable data on trends in air pollution.