土壤重金属污染的工程危害及修复方法

分析了重金属污染对地基土和地下结构物的危害,比较了电动修复、土壤冲刷、原位土壤淋洗、化学固化修复土壤的优缺点,重点介绍固化/稳定化技术在修复重金属污染土壤中的应用。     

镉砷复合污染土壤稳定化修复技术研究与应用

通过实施江西省某农田土壤中镉、砷污染修复项目，对各修复技术进行比选，并对优选出的稳定化修复技术涉及的钝化药归纳分析。通过小试筛选出合适的药剂种类，中试确定药剂的最佳添加量，再进行工程实施的系统性工艺研究和技术应用。结果表明：该技术在保证修复区增产的前提下实现了污染农田土壤的安全利用，形成了控源-降活-低吸-农产品安全达标生产的修复模式，构建了具有针对性的稳定化-农艺调控的联合修复技术体系，可实现重金属污染农田土壤修复、生态建设、经济效益的有机结合。     

含高吸水性材料化工废水的化学需氧量测定方法与技术

生产高分子吸水材料化工厂的生产废水在未经处理前往往有吸水性材料残留,使用国家标准HJ/T 399—2007快速消解分光光度法和GB/T11914—1989重铬酸盐法分析这类样品的化学需氧量,因为加热消解导致水温升高会使水中残留吸水材料迅速膨胀吸干所有水样并固化。基于此,笔者通过研究不同吸水材料抑制剂并利用标准曲线扣除法去除干扰,尝试寻找分析该类水样化学需氧量的途径。     

污泥处理及其资源化

较系统地介绍了目前污泥处理技术及污泥资源化的一些新进展。着重探讨了污泥脱水、堆肥过程中的主要影响因素。指出了今后要遵循环境可持续发展的思想，做到污泥的稳定化、资源化和无害化处置。     

江苏省土壤修复产业发展现状及对策分析

简述了江苏省土壤修复市场发展情况及土壤修复技术发展现状。从营商环境、市场竞争力、标准法规建设等方面分析存在的市场问题,提出应规范市场环境、培育企业竞争力,加强标准制定、模式创新和人才培养的建议。针对场地环境调查与风险评估技术有待提升、地下水修复技术研发工作投入不足、修复后土壤监测和安全再利用问题突出等技术问题,提出,应完善环境调查与风险评估技术研究,加强土水修复材料、装备与工艺研发,提升长期监测及修复再利用研究的建议。以期为土壤修复行业的良性发展提供有益参考。     

污染场地修复工程环境监理的实践与探索

环境监理是污染场地修复过程中不可或缺的关键环节,在我国起步相对较晚,可供借鉴的实例很少。以苏州市某化工厂遗留场地污染土壤和地下水修复工程为例,阐述了不同阶段环境监理的工作内容,突出了原位和异位修复技术的环境监理工作要点,并提出建立污染土壤和地下水修复效果质量控制体系和原位修复效果长期跟踪监测机制等建议。     

石油勘探开发中的石油类污染及其监测分析技术

首先介绍了陆地石油勘探开发过程对环境的影响 ,并总结出这种影响集中体现在油田附近水体和土壤受到石油类的污染。然后针对石油类监测分析方法展开探讨 ,并分水中石油类和土壤中石油类两部分 ,把我国和美国的监测方法进行了对比研究。在此基础上提出了在进行油田环境现状评价和石油类污染物环境变迁规律研究中使用石油类分析方法的建议     

稳定化聚合氯化铁的合成、检测及技术指标

报道了稳定化聚合氯化铁的合成原理、合成工艺及检测方法，提出了聚合氯化铁产品的技术指标及其优点。     

土壤中20种磺酰脲类除草剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法

建立了加速溶剂提取、凝胶渗透色谱法净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱快速测定土壤中20种磺酰脲类除草剂的方法。土壤经过冷冻干燥、粉碎过筛,用加速溶剂仪提取(ASE),经凝胶渗透色谱净化(GPC),以超高效液相色谱/串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)多级监测模式(MRM)外标法进行定性定量分析。结果表明:土壤中20种磺酰脲类除藻剂的检出限为2～5 ng/kg。对同一环境样品进行了3个不同添加量(1、5、10μg/L)的加标回收实验,平均回收率为65. 7%～106. 1%,相对标准偏差为2. 3%～12. 1%。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可有效应用于土壤中20种磺酰脲类除草剂的快速监测。     

欢迎订阅2023年《环境科技》

《环境科技》是由江苏省生态环境厅主管,江苏省徐州环境监测中心、江苏省环境科学研究院联合主办的集学术性与实用性于一体的环境科学技术类期刊,为“中国科技论文统计源期刊”(中国科技核心期刊)。国内统一刊号:CN 32-1786/X,国际标准刊号:ISSN 1674-4829。     

Assessment of soil screening levels due to ingestion and dermal absorption of chrysene and benzo[k]fluoranthene and appropriate remediation method for Dorson Abad

For years, the Dorson Abad region has been extremely polluted by Tehran Oil Refinery due to leaking from its underground pipelines, storage tanks, and evaporation ponds. To assess the concentrations of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, soil samples were collected from the grounds at and adjacent to a polluted stream located in the study area. The samples were then analyzed, and the results revealed that 12 of the 16 USEPA PAHs were noticeably present in the soil, which, among them, benzo[k]fluoranthene and chrysene had the highest concentrations with averages of 357.17 and 173.38 mg/kg, respectively. A comparison of the obtained concentrations with the soil screening levels indicated that both benzo[k]fluoranthene and chrysene concentrations were substantially higher than EPA screening level values, signifying the necessity of soil remediation for these contaminants in the area. Techniques such as soil washing/flushing, high temperature thermal desorption, and solidification/stabilization were investigated for treatment of the contaminated soil; solidification/stabilization is recommended as an applicable and cost-effective remediation method for Dorson Abad due to the size of the region, relatively low cost of the binder (cement), and low volatility of benzo[k]fluoranthene and chrysene.     

钝化材料对Cd污染农田修复及其后效探究

在田间试验条件下,考察不同钝化材料对农田Cd轻度污染水稻修复效果及稻麦轮作后第二年水稻修复后效。结果表明,在轻度Cd污染农田中,各钝化材料处理均能不同程度降低土壤有效态Cd含量和水稻籽粒中Cd含量。其中,在钝化材料施用当季和稻麦轮作后第二季水稻中修复效果最好的处理为中量纳米材料处理和石灰配施中量纳米材料处理,这两种处理对土壤有效态Cd含量降低率分别为50.94%和47.15%,对水稻籽粒中Cd含量降低率分别为73.74%和69.41%。     

Availability and Assessment of Fixing Additives for The in Situ Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils: A Review

The use of low-cost and environmental safety amendments for the in situ immobilization of heavy metals has been investigated as a promising method for contaminated soil remediation. Natural materials and waste products from certain industries with high captive capacity of heavy metals can be obtained and employed. Reduction of extractable metal concentration and phytotoxicity could be evaluated and demonstrated by the feasibility of various amendments in fixing remediation. In this review, an extensive list of references has been compiled to provide a summary of information on a wide range of potentially amendment resources, including organic, inorganic and combined organic-inorganic materials. The assessment based on the economic efficiency and environmental risks brought forth the potential application values and future development directions of this method on solving the soil contamination.     

Advanced techniques for characterization of organic matter from anaerobically digested grapemarc distillery effluents and amended soils

The effects of grapemarc distillery effluents on the quality of soil organic matter is extremely important to ensure the environmentally-safe and agronomically efficient use of these materials as organic amendment. In this work, the effects of the application of untreated (UG) and anaerobically digested grapemarc distillery effluents, either added with (AGM) or without mycorrhiza (AG), on soil humic acid (HA) were investigated in field plot experiments in comparison to HAs from a control soil and an inorganic fertilized soil. The humic acid-like fractions (HALs) isolated from UG, AG and soils were characterized for compositional, structural and functional properties by the use of elemental and functional group analysis, and ultraviolet/visible, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies. Results obtained indicated that anaerobic digestion of effluents produced an extended mineralization with loss of organic C and stabilization of residual organic matter by increasing the content of HALs in the effluent. With respect to control soil HA, HALs isolated from UG and AG were characterized by smaller acidic functional group contents, a prevalent aliphatic character and smaller aromatic polycondensation and humification degrees. The chemical and spectroscopic characteristics of native soil HA were not substantially modified by application of UG, AG and AGM to soil, which suggests the occurred incorporation of the effluent HAL into native soil HA. In conclusion, these results showed the possibility of a beneficial and safe recycling of grapemarc distillery effluents as soil amendment.     

Release of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) from quicklime-sulfate stabilized/solidified soils under diffusion-controlled conditions

A quicklime-sulfate-based stabilization/ solidification (S/S) process for arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) immobilization was evaluated under “semi-dynamic” leaching conditions. In order to simulate aggressive leaching conditions the semi-dynamic leaching tests was modified by using 0.014 N of acetic solution instead of distilled water. Kaolinite-sand and montmorillonite-sand soil samples were artificially contaminated with As and Pb, compacted and cured for 28 days. The semi-dynamic leaching tests were then conducted for 90 days. The effectiveness of the S/S treatment was evaluated by assessing the cumulative release of As and Pb as well as by determining the diffusion coefficients (D _eff) and leachability indices (LX). The release of As and Pb was greatly reduced by quicklime-sulfate treatment as compared to untreated samples. Moreover, the quicklime-sulfate treatment was more effective than the quicklime-only treatment in reducing both As and Pb release. The controlling leaching mechanisms were determined using a diffusion theory model. Upon S/S treatment, As and Pb release was diffusion controlled. The LX of all the treated samples were greater than nine, suggesting that S/S treated samples were suitable for “controlled utilization”.     

Organic interference of solidified/stabilized hazardous wastes

Liquid hazardous waste disposal in landfills is usually allowed only after solidification/stabilization. Although various procedures are commonly practiced, little is known about the mechanism(s) of the processes. A particular problem is the interference of organics. Small amounts of organics can interfere with the reaction between inorganic sludges and cementitous matrices. The present communication reports studies of the interaction between selected organic hazardous wastes and Type I Portland cement. Microscopic studies of the structural differences between cements set with water and those set with water plus organic liquids are discussed. In these studies the scanning electron microscope is used to observe samples fractured at 78K. The results provide technical background data on the ultimate stability of critical waste constituents solidified by various binding agents.     

Effects of additives on solidification of API separator sludge

API separator sludge was solidified with various combinations of binders and absorbent soil additives. The binders utilized were Type I Portland Cement, Type C Flyash, and a 1:1 combination of the two. The soil additives used were bentonite, diatomite, Fuller's earth, and two brands of chemically altered bentonites, or organoclays. The effectiveness of the solidification materials was based on their effect on the physical and leaching characteristics of the sludge.It was determined the Portland cement and combination binders provided the sludge with adequate physical and strength characteristics. It was also determined the affinity of each additive for water had an important influence on the physical characteristics of the solidified sludge. The results of the leaching procedure indicated the binders alone reduced the leachability of organic constituents from the sludge by 1/5 to 1/10. It appeared the use of the additives with the binders may have further reduced the leachability of constituents from sludge, with the incorporation of the organoclay additives further reducing leachability by up to 1/2. Also, it appeared the absorbing capacity of the additives was directly related to their ability to reduce the leachability of organic constituents from the sludge.     

有机污染场地微生物修复研究进展

结合国内外研究,从典型有机污染物微生物修复机理、降解菌株的筛选、微生物修复技术,以及微生物修复技术的表面活性剂和电化学强化等方面综述了微生物修复技术的研究进展,并对其发展方向和趋势做出展望。     

COD and TOC analysis of leachate from a solidified organic waste

Several combinations of binders and absorbent additives were utilized to solidify a typical organic waste, API Separator sludge. The effectiveness of the materials was based on the waste leachability from the solidified samples. COD and TOC analyses were used to determine the organic content of the leachate samples.The ability of the COD and TOC analyses to assess waste leachability was limited. The inability of the COD and TOC tests to differentiate between organic compounds made the results difficult to interpret. This was due to organic contaminants from the solidification materials contributing to the COD and TOC contents of the leachates. Also, the COD test may have be influenced by reduced inorganic compounds contained in the flyash binder and the sludge. Representative samples for the TOC analysis were difficult to obtain for the leachates containing oils or suspended particles. It is recommended that the COD and TOC tests only be used as a screening method for determining solidified organic waste leachability and other methods need to be employed to obtain more accurate results.