标准曲线与工作曲线在不同分析方法中的使用

校准曲线是描述待测物质浓度或量与相应测量仪器响应值或其他指示量之间的定量关系曲线。校准曲线包括工作曲线（绘制标准曲线的溶液需与样品分析步骤完全相同）和标准曲线（标液的分析步骤有所省略,如不经过前处理等）。至于何时用标准曲线,何时用工作曲线,须经实验确定。若标液的某些前处理步骤省略后,     

ISS-2锌渣标准样品中Zn、Pb、Cd全量浸取研究及与纯水浸提比较

锌渣标准样品２００目，已经过多家实验室协作定值，通过二种方法可提取样品中的全量Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ：（１）１＋９ＨＣｌ，密封，０１２～０１４ＭＰａ，１２１℃，６０ｍｉｎ；（２）１＋９ＨＣｌ，超声波处理，６０ｍｉｎ。     

校准曲线制备及应用中的一些问题

阐述了校准曲线的制备和应用，标准加入法，空白值参与回归，工作曲线和标准曲线的一些应注意的问题。     

COD废液中银的回收

ＣＯＤ废液中银的回收周洪春李家兴（辽宁营口市环境监测站，营口１１５００３）①ＣＯＤ废液样加入５％ＨＣｌ２０～２５ｍｌ，生成ＡｇＣｌ并用少量５％ＨＣｌ冲洗残余Ｈｇ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋、Ｆｅ２＋等杂质。②沉淀的ＡｇＣｌ中加入１０％Ｎａ２Ｓ溶液１００ｍｌ（分三次...     

标准曲线回归与应用中的有关问题

标准曲线回归与应用中的有关问题王斌，王莉（新疆钢铁公司环境监测站８３００２２）（库尔勒市环境监测站８４１０００）分光光度法在化学分析中应用十分广泛．标准曲线的绘制（通常校准曲线包括工作曲线和标准曲线，这里只讨论标准曲线）是该法中一个非常重要的步骤。我...     

用分光光度法绘制标准曲线时应注意的问题

叙述了影响标准曲线质量的各种因素，并提出了提高标准曲线质量应注意的几个问题。     

水样石油类测定中校准曲线绘制方法的改进

对水样石油类测定过程中的标准曲线绘制方法进行了改进，提出与样品一样用萃取法绘制校准曲线，可避免实测浓度偏低现象，提高监测分析方法的准确度。     

废水中高浓度酚的扩展曲线法

在用４－氨基安替比林萃取光度法测定废水中较高浓度酚时，可将标准曲线进行扩展，简化了操作步骤     

总磷标准曲线制备的简化

采用钼锑抗光度法测定湖水中总磷，就如何使标准曲线和样品预处理简便、快捷、省时等方面进行试验。结果表明，不消解与不同消解时间的标准曲线、总磷标样及样品测定试验结果经t检验均无显著性差异，可省略标准系列的预处理消解操作。     

利用曲线补偿变时溶出示差技术测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd初步探讨

本文利用曲线补偿，变时溶出示差技术提高了测定Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ的灵敏度、精密度和准确度，进一步改变了谱图的分辨率，避免了Ｏ２波的干扰     

校准曲线的系统处理方法

对校准曲线通过标准化余差法进行点位离群检验，通过相关系数相关性检验，对截矩进行检验，根据检验结果确定出基本上消除系统误差，随机误差较小的回归方程。     

氯气测定方法的讨论

从氯气分析标准曲线出现异常入手，通过试验，将标准曲线绘制步骤略加改动，克服了砾方法曲线的拐点和相关关系数低等弱点，曲线通过原点，相关系数提高到０．９９９以上。     

无火焰原子吸收法测定岩矿及煤——金聚团中Pt和Pd

采用Ｃ４１０哌啶树脂分离除去溶液中的贱金属元素,痕量贵金属Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ被定量吸附,交换最佳酸度为０．５－１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ介质,树脂的Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ用３％硫脲－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ热溶液定量脱脱。本法可用于岩矿和煤－金聚团（ＣＧＡ）焙灰中基本元素的分离,测定痕量Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ。     

Extraction of labile metals from solid media by dilute hydrochloric acid

Extraction of labile metals from solid media is environmentally more meaningful than a total digestion. A variety of reagents have been introduced in the literature, but dilute HCl has received the greatest attention. We compare metal concentrations liberated by a dilute HCl leach with the sum of the 3-step optimized (standardized) BCR sequential extraction procedure. This is the first study to compare these procedures over a range of grain sizes. Road-deposited sediments from 10 sites in Honolulu were fractionated into six grain size classes. Aliquots of individual fractions were digested with dilute HCl, the 3-step BCR procedure (‘labile’), and a 4-acid (total) procedure. Results indicated that the weighted labile concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were statistically greater than those from the dilute HCl leach. However, regression analysis indicated strong statistically significant relationships between the two partial extraction procedures for all metals. On a whole-sample basis, the toxicity classifications for anthropogenic-enhanced metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) were similar between extractions. Taken together, results suggest that the application of dilute HCl to solid media provides a rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally meaningful approach for contaminant monitoring.     

Determination of total and partially extractable solid-bound element concentrations using collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and their significance in environmental studies

Determination of solid-bound element concentrations is an important initial step in environmental studies especially for assessment of contamination level, and of origin, relative mobility, and fate of contaminants. This study revealed that a relatively new collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is a potent tool for determining total and partially extractable solid-bound element (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) concentrations in a complex matrix solution containing HF and/or HCl. Six different extraction methods commonly used for environmental monitoring studies were tested for their bias and variability using estuarine and marine standard reference materials. Microwave-assisted methods based on concentrated [HNO₃] or [HNO₃?+?HF (4:1)] and [HNO₃?+?HF?+?HCl (10:3:2)] were applied for determining pseudo-total and total element concentrations, respectively. Dilute-acids (1 M HNO₃, 1 M HCl, and 0.5 M HCl) were utilized in single-step partial extraction protocols. Except the 0.5 M HCl cold-extraction method which was performed at room temperature, other partial extraction protocols used microwave-digestion. This study demonstrated that the use of microwave-assisted methods in studies aimed at determining the non-residual, non-specific extractable fractions of elements in solid environmental samples may result in overestimation, and thus needs to be re-examined. We believe that the cold extraction method will play a significant role in future environmental monitoring studies. Nevertheless, results of the cold extraction method not accompanied with total element concentrations have limited value, as the amount of extraction may vary significantly with the nature (origin) of the elements, and with the types of the samples. Therefore, we suggest combining microwave-assisted total digestion and 0.5 M HCl cold-extraction methods as a relatively cost- and time-effective, environmentally sound screening procedure for routine environmental monitoring programs involving a large number of samples from diverse geological and anthropogenic settings.     

地表移动与变形预计在矿山开发项目环境影响评价中的应用

阐述了地表移动与变形预计理论在矿山开发项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性，着重介绍了典型曲线预计法建立的方法及预计的步骤．     

原子吸收法测定废水中的铬（Ⅵ）

在pH<1的溶液中,用甲基异丁酮(MIBK)与磷酸三丁酯(TBP)混合作为萃取剂,萃取废水中的铬时,六价铬的分配比为108.6,而三价铬几乎不被萃取。用原子吸收分光光度计测定有机相中的六价铬具有很好的选择性,且干扰少,灵敏度高。工作曲线的最佳浓度范围是:0.04～4.00mg/L。     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的铅

建立了一种以 HNO3-HCl-HCl O4 -HF对土壤样品进行消化 ,火焰原子吸收测定铅的方法。该法用于实际样品的测定时 ,相对标准偏差小于 2 .3 % ,加标回收率为 98%～ 1 0 2 %。     

Solid phase extraction of gold(III) on silica gel modified with benzoylthiourea prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method has been developed for the determination of gold based on separation and preconcentration using silica gel modified with benzoylthiourea. The optimum experimental parameters for preconcentration of gold, such as acid concentration, sample flow rate, eluent and matrix ions, have been investigated. Gold could be quantitatively retained in the 0.25-2.0 mol L(-1) HCl and HNO(3) concentrations, and then eluted completely with 0.5 mol L(-1) thiourea in 1.0 mol L(-1) HCl. The sorption capacity of gold(III) is 0.92 +/- 0.04 mmol g(-1) with a high enrichment factor of 267. The relative standard deviation of the method, RSD%, was found as 1.2% for 0.1 microg mL(-1). The detection limit for gold was 1.4 microg L(-1). The validation of the proposed method was checked by the analysis of certified reference soil materials. The presented procedure was applied to the determination of gold in some environmental samples.     

直接显色光度法测定水中硫化物方法改进

用10mLφ（HEl）=0.5的溶液酸化水样，10mL锌氨络盐吸收液，于0．6L／min抽空气30min，溶液吸收硫化物后吸光值稳定，水和废水的测定加标回收率为94.4％～101％，精密度为2．87％～3.27％。改进后的直接显色分光光度法测定水中硫化物，酸化-抽气分离装置简单、操作方便。