MIEX树脂在腈纶废水深度处理中的应用

通过试验探讨了MIEX树脂在腈纶废水深度处理方面的技术参数。研究表明,在单独活性污泥法难以实现腈纶废水达标排放的情况下,MIEX树脂可满足稳定达标要求,并对MIEX树脂应用的经济性进行了分析。     

铜离子模板胺化聚氯乙烯树脂的合成与吸附性能

为制备对金属离子具有良好吸附性能的新型树脂,以聚氯乙烯为大分子骨架,采用以Cu2+为模板的三乙烯四胺进行胺化,合成支载铜离子模板胺化树脂.模板树脂结构经红外光谱验证.研究模板树脂的吸附性能,结果表明,试验条件下树脂对Cu2+、Hg2+、Zn2+、Co2+、Pb2+的吸附容量分别达3.593 mmol/g、0.168 mmol/g、1.121mmol/g、0.692 mmol/g和0.722 mmol/g.树脂对Cu2+的吸附量随温度的升高而增大,并符合Langmuir吸附等温式.同时,树脂对Cu2+有一定选择吸附性能,当Cu2+分别与Co2+、Zn2+、Cd2+共存时,树脂对Cu2+的选择性吸附系数为4.27、25.71和3.22.本研究为废水中Cu2+的选择去除提供了试验依据.     

反应条件对矿用充填发泡树脂活性的影响研究

采用二价金属A作为催化剂,合成矿用发泡树脂。通过测定树脂的固含量、黏度、凝胶时间、羟甲基指数等,研究反应温度、时间和催化剂用量对矿用发泡树脂活性的影响。试验结果表明:随着反应时间的延长、温度的升高、催化剂用量的增加,树脂的黏度和固含量逐渐增加,而树脂中残余B、残余C和凝胶时间逐渐减少。在较高温度下,羟甲基指数随着反应时间的延长先增加后减少;在较低温度下,羟甲基指数随着反应时间的延长先减少后增加;较大的催化剂用量有利于树脂缩合反应,较低的用量有利于促进B与C的羟基化反应。     

超声波树脂联用法提取活性污泥中的胞外聚合物

考察了超声波树脂联用法提取活性污泥中胞外聚合物的影响因素,确定了最佳提取条件.试验结果表明,树脂量为60 g/g VSS,在摇床振摇强度250 r/min下处理4 h,再进行超声处理2 min,EPS提取量接近理论含量,即污泥干重的15%,与阳离子树脂法相比,EPS提取物中DNA的百分含量较低,即对细胞的破坏程度更小,说明超声波树脂联用法稳定、高效,是一种较佳的提取方法.     

一种新型壳聚糖交联树脂的制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

采用改进的滴加成球法合成壳聚糖树脂,用环氧氯丙烷对树脂进行交联,制备新型壳聚糖交联树脂.研究了交联树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果,探讨了溶液pH值、吸附时间、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响及吸附热力学和动力学.结果表明,各因素中pH值对壳聚糖交联树脂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)影响较大.对初始质量浓度为120 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液,壳聚糖交联树脂投加量为1 g/L,pH=3,温度为25℃,吸附2h时可达到最大吸附容量(72 mg/g).用Langmuir 等温模型和Pseudo second-order动力学模型对树脂的吸附过程进行线性拟合,R2分别为0.999 9和0.999 7,模型计算的饱和吸附容量qmax(73.53 mg/g)和平衡吸附量qe(29.23mg/g)与试验结果(72.10 mg/g和27.73 mg/g)基本吻合.Fick扩散模型表明,树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附可分为3个阶段,说明Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果.     

一种新型壳聚糖交联树脂的制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究北大核心CSCD

采用改进的滴加成球法合成壳聚糖树脂,用环氧氯丙烷对树脂进行交联,制备新型壳聚糖交联树脂。研究了交联树脂对Cr(VI)的吸附效果,探讨了溶液pH值、吸附时间、温度、Cr(VI)初始质量浓度等因素对吸附性能的影响及吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明,各因素中pH值对壳聚糖交联树脂吸附Cr(VI)影响较大。对初始质量浓度为120mg/L的Cr(VI)溶液,壳聚糖交联树脂投加量为1 g/L,pH=3,温度为25℃,吸附2h时可达到最大吸附容量(72mg/g)。用Langmuir等温模型和Pseudo second-order动力学模型对树脂的吸附过程进行线性拟合,R2分别为0.999 9和0.999 7,模型计算的饱和吸附容量qmax(73.53 mg/g)和平衡吸附量qe(29.23 mg/g)与试验结果(72.10 mg/g和27.73 mg/g)基本吻合。Fick扩散模型表明,树脂对Cr(VI)的吸附可分为3个阶段,说明Cr(VI)的去除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果。     

树脂锚杆锚固长度声波探测技术及数值试验

针对煤岩巷道锚杆支护锚固失效引起的冒顶问题,建立了煤岩巷道顶板锚杆树脂锚固模型,采用数值模拟的方法对不同锚固方式下树脂锚杆的波导特性进行研究,得到了不同锚固长度与树脂锚杆激振响应特性曲线。通过对比分析,研究得出无论何种锚固方式,检测结果与实际锚固长度的误差大约在1%-6%,同时可采用修正补偿的方法降低检测误差。研究结果得出:采用应力反射波法检测树脂锚杆的锚固长度是一种行之有效的无损检测方法,可实现树脂锚杆锚固长度的便携、准确检测提供技术支持。     

树脂对溶解性微生物产物-多糖的吸附行为研究

以多糖代表物-葡聚糖(DEX)为处理对象,通过高分子吸附剂和活性炭的静态吸附实验,筛选出吸附性能优良的氧修饰超高交联吸附树脂NDA-150进行吸附行为研究。静态吸附试验结果表明,NDA-150树脂对DEX的吸附动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程,吸附量达到9.33 mg/g;吸附等温线符合Freundlich吸附方程,吸附为优惠吸附过程,吸附为吸热反应,升高温度有利于吸附;DEX分子上的羟基和NDA-150所带的含氧基团之间主要存在氢键作用,较低的pH有利于NDA-150树脂对DEX的吸附,无机盐浓度对吸附的影响不大。动态吸附-脱附试验结果表明,DEX初始质量浓度为30 mg/L时,动态吸附量可达9.39 mg/g;采用10%NaOH进行脱附,流速为1 BV/h,温度323 K,脱附率可达93%。NDA-150树脂对葡聚糖类多糖吸附-再生性能优异,可以有效去除尾水中的多糖类物质,提高出水水质。     

改性树脂NKZ对水溶性染料的吸附特性研究

根据聚合物絮凝剂与染料相互作用机理,用硝基胍对大孔型氯球改性得到了功能化吸附树脂NKZ.从热力学和动力学两方面研究了该树脂对5种水溶性染料的静态吸附特性.结果表明,树脂NKZ对水溶性染料的吸附具有很好的效果.     

矿井安全作业采用的填充密闭材料──泡沫树脂及其应用技术

泡沫树脂是一种新型安全填充密闭材料。以德国Ｉｓｏｓｃｈａｕｍ 型速凝泡沫树脂为例,分析与探讨了泡沫树脂材料的基本配方、性能、应用方法和应用范围以及我国在此领域的研究动向等问题。通过分析与研究发现,泡沫树脂具有良好的弹性、较低的透气性、不延燃、使用简便、可靠等优良特性,因此,建议我国矿山开采业尽快开发和应用这种新型安全填充密封材料     

光电探测器微变信号放大电路的设计和分析

针对火灾探测过程中的光电探测器输出的微弱信号设计了一个微变信号提取放大电路。将探测器内阻分解为微变内阻和不变内阻,采用两路取样信号方法进行差模放大。经过计算选择了特定的电路参数,使得电路输出和探测器微变内阻成正比关系,从而实现了微变信号的放大。用斩波方法进行了电路输出性能的实验。对电路参数的选择以及温漂问题进行了详细分析。     

Explosibility,flammability and the thermal decomposition of Bisphenol A,the main component of epoxy resin

Bisphenol A is one of the basic compounds used in a synthesis of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Its dust can create an explosive mixture with air under specific circumstances. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine explosion characteristics and flammability behaviour of this compound. The complete flammability characteristic requires the determination of the basic parameters of Bisphenol A under fire conditions including Heat Release Rate, speed of combustion, ability to ignite and the temperature of the decomposition range. To establish those parameters, a cone calorimeter was used. The explosion characteristics were tested in a 20-L spherical vessel. Minimum Ignition Energy was tested on MINOR II Apparatus which is a modified Hartman's Tube. In order to identify hazardous substances generated during a fire involving Bisphenol A, a simultaneous thermal analysis that combines thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry was used. The substances obtained from the thermal degradation were analyzed by infrared spectroscope with Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the application of a Purser furnace and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of gaseous substances formed during the thermal degradation of Bisphenol A samples.     

Supercritical water oxidation of ion exchange resins: Degradation mechanisms

Spent ion exchange resins are radioactive process wastes for which there is no satisfactory industrial treatment. Supercritical water oxidation could offer a viable treatment alternative to destroy the organic structure of resins and contain radioactivity. IER degradation experiments were carried out in a continuous supercritical water reactor. Total organic carbon degradation rates in the range of 95–98% were obtained depending on operating conditions. GC–MS chromatography analyses were carried out to determine intermediate products formed during the reaction. Around 50 species were identified for cationic and anionic resins. Degradation of polystyrenic structure leads to the formation of low molecular weight compounds. Benzoic acid, phenol and acetic acid are the main compounds. However, other products are detected in appreciable yields such as phenolic species or heterocycles, for anionic IERs degradation. Intermediates produced by intramolecular rearrangements are also obtained. A radical degradation mechanism is proposed for each resin. In this overall mechanism, several hypotheses are foreseen, according to HOO radical attack sites.     

Propane-air mixture deflagration hazard with different ignition positions and restraints in large-scale venting chamber

In order to better assess the hazards of explosion accidents, propane-air mixture deflagrations were conducted in a large-scale straight rectangular chamber (with a cross-section of 1.5 m × 1.5 m, length of 10 m, and total volume of 22.5 m³). The effect of initial volume, ignition position, and initial restraints on the explosion characteristics of the propane-air mixtures was investigated. The explosion overpressure, flame propagation, and flame speed were obtained and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate the flame-propagation process and field flow for auxiliary analysis. The hazards of large-scale propagation explosion under weak and strong constraints were evaluated and the different phases of flame propagation under weak and strong constraints were discriminated. Results indicate that the hazards caused by propane deflagration under weak constraint are mainly caused by flame spread. And the maximum overpressure under strong constraint appeared at the front part of the chamber under the large-scale condition, which is consistent with the previous small-scale test. Moreover, the simulations of flame structures under weak and strong constraint are in good agreement with experimental results, which furthers the understanding of large-scale propane deflagration under different initial conditions in large-scale spaces and provides basic data for three-dimensional CFD model improvement.     

大安全视域下智慧安全城市的基础理论研究进展与展望*

为了指导智慧安全城市的可持续发展,根据2007—2021年世界城市的主流发展趋势和安全基础理论研究非常薄弱的现状,采用文献调研、逻辑分析和归纳建模等方法,从大安全的视阈和2个层面,对现有国内外智慧安全城市的基础理论进展进行梳理和评述,对未来智慧安全城市的发展及其核心基础理论研究进行阐述与展望。研究结果表明:未来系统开展智慧安全城市基础理论研究对建设智慧安全城市具有基础性和系统性的参考指导作用。     

含DOPO磷酸酯阻燃改性环氧丙烯酸树脂的制备及热性能研究

将工业上广泛应用的光固化树脂EA作为基体,通过分子设计,利用甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI的双异氰酸酯结构将合成的磷酸酯阻燃剂ODOPM链接到其分子主链上,制备出一组改性的光固化丙烯酸酯预聚物。利用FT-IR,1 H-NMR,31P-NMR对分子结构进行表征;极限氧指数（LOI）和微型量热仪（MCC）的结果表明材料的阻燃性能明显提高,改性后树脂的热释放速率峰值PHRR相对于EA降低了近66%,总热释放量也明显降低;扫描电镜结果显示改性后的树脂固化膜形成的炭层变得更平滑和致密,并且完整无破裂现象;同时对固化膜的热稳定性和热降解过程进行了探讨。分析论证了ODOPM改性修饰后的EA有更高的阻燃性,成炭能力明显增强,形成的致密炭层有效地阻止了热交换,使材料在高温下更稳定。     

HSE体系管理在炼化企业基层单位实施现状及改进建议

对当前炼化企业基层单位HSE管理体系现状进行了分析.指出了基层单位HSE管理理念没有真正转变、HSE管理制度执行力差、HSE管理职责落实不到位、HSE培训缺乏针对性、HSE绩效考核重结果轻过程、企业安全文化建设重形式轻根基等问题.提出基层单位HSE体系管理改进建议,真正落实“以人为本”的HSE管理理念、强化HSE管理制度的执行力、真正将HSE管理职责落实到位、强化HSE培训需求分析,增强培训的针对性、加强HSE绩效考核过程管理、推进安全文化建设.     

Fuzzy fault tree analysis for fire and explosion of crude oil tanks

Crude oil tank fire and explosion (COTFE) is the most frequent type of accident in petroleum refineries, oil terminals or storage which often results in human fatality, environment pollution and economic loss. In this paper, with fault tree qualitative analysis technique, various potential causes of the COTFE are identified and a COTFE fault tree is constructed. Conventional fault tree quantitative analysis calculates the occurrence probability of the COTFE using exact probability data of the basic events. However, it is often very difficult to obtain corresponding precise data and information in advance due to insufficient data, changing environment or new components. Fuzzy set theory has been proven to be effective on such uncertain problems. Hence, this article investigates a hybrid approach of fuzzy set theory and fault tree analysis to quantify the COTFE fault tree in fuzzy environment and evaluate the COTFE occurrence probability. Further, importance analysis for the COTFE fault tree, including the Fussell–Vesely importance measure of basic events and the cut sets importance measure, is performed to help identifying the weak links of the crude oil tank system that will provide the most cost-effective mitigation. Also, a case study and analysis is provided to testify the proposed method.     

Risk assessment of an oxygen-enhanced combustor using a structural model based on the FMEA and fuzzy fault tree

The oxygen-enhanced combustor has the advantages of high burning efficiency and low emissions. However, it should not be promoted for industrial use until its reliability and safety have been fully recognized. A new methodology is proposed to assess the risk of an oxygen-enhanced combustor using a structural model based on the FMEA and fuzzy fault tree. In addition, it is applied to a selected pilot semi-industrial combustor. To identify the hazard source comprehensively, the pilot is divided into four subsystems: the combustor subsystem, feed subsystem, ignition subsystem and exhaust subsystem. According to the operational parameters of flow (flow rate, temperature and pressure) and the component functions in different subsystems, the cause and effect matrix can be built using the structural model, and the relationship between the operational parameters and the effects of the change for the operational parameters on the system can be presented. Based on the results of cause and effect matrix, the FMEA can be built to describe the failed models and accident scenarios of the pilot. The main accident forms include leakage, injury, fire and explosion. Accordingly, with the severity and probability analysis of different accident forms, the fire and explosion accidents should be further accessed quantitatively using the fuzzy fault tree analysis. The fault trees can be obtained in accordance with the FMEA, and the qualitative assessments of the basic events can be collected by using expert scoring. A hybrid approach for the fuzzy set theory and weight analysis is investigated to quantify the occurrence probability of basic events. Then, the importance analysis of the fault trees, including the hazard importance of basic events and the cut set importance, is performed to help determine the weak links of the fire and explosion trees. Finally, some of the most effective measures are presented to improve the reliability and safety of the combustion system.     

关于脲醛树脂胶粘剂安全问题的探讨

从原料的危害,有机物的挥发量,人员的个人防护等方面对脲醛树脂胶粘剂的职业安全问题进行了探讨,并指出了其安全环保的发展方向。