基于SCL-FCE模型的加油站安全评价及应用

加油站储存有大量的易燃、易爆的油类燃料,是城市中的重大危险源,一旦泄漏,就可能发生火灾、爆炸等事故,其后果相当严重,因此对加油站的安全评价具有现实而又重要的意义.本文鉴于加油站的特点,提出以安全检查表(SCL)和模糊综合评价(FCE)为手段,建立一种新的加油站安全评价模型.首先利用安全检查表分析、找出存在的危险有害因素从而构成安全评价指标体系,同时对每个因素进行评分,然后利用层次分析法计算指标权重,再次通过模糊评判方法计算出加油站隶属于各个安全等级的评价结果矩阵,最后得出加油站的安全等级.实践证明该方法符合加油站系统的特点,有较强的实用性.     

汽车加油站的主要安全问题分析

本文结合北京地区加油站专项安全评价工作实际,对加油站存在的主要安全问题分为:安全管理,着火源管理与控制,生产设备安全和生产工艺安全,加油站建设和外界因素等五个方面进行分析.     

加油站模糊数学安全评价模型及应用

笔者针对目前汽车加油站事故的多发性及其安全的重要性 ,指出了目前加油站安全评价方法的不足 ,提出对于加油站这个复杂的多因素、多变量、多层次人机系统应该考虑采用模糊数学的方法来进行安全评价 ,以得到符合实际加油站安全现状的评价结果。通过分析影响加油站安全的各个因素以及因素之间的相互联系 ,建立了较合理的加油站安全评价指标体系 ;并根据现场经验给出了各相关安全因素的权重 ,运用模糊数学方法建立了加油站安全评价模型 ;同时通过实例验证 ,该安全评价模型的评价结果符合实际情况 ,有较强的实际应用性     

加油站安全管理对策

随着生产力的发展、人民生活水平的不断提高,燃油使用安全与百姓的关系愈加密切,已成为涉及公共安全的一个重要领域。为了最大限度地减少和杜绝加油站生产安全事故的发生,烟台市对所属加油站进行了专项检查,发现有些隐患在全国带有共性。下面,仅就加油站安全问题进行简单探讨。存在的主要问题1.违规设置油罐和敷设电器设备有的加油站汽油罐、柴油罐未按照规范要求埋地设置,个别甚至设在室内或地下室内;有的地下油罐通气管管口阻火装置安装不合理。另外,很多加油站的营业室及值班室内的照明线路不按要求敷设,存在着私接乱拉现象。2.运输油罐…     

基于模糊理论的加油站安全评价方法研究

加油站安全状况是一个涉及多因素、多层次结构的非线性系统.本文针对加油站特点分析构建了加油站安全评价指标因素体系,并运用层次分析法在确定各评价指标因素相对权重的基础上,基于模糊数学理论,建立了加油站安全综合评价数学模型,并对该模型进行了实例验证,为加油站的安全评价提供了一种有效的综合评价方法.     

汽车加油站重点设备的安全检查与维修

随着我国国民经济的飞速发展和汽车产量的迅猛增长,汽车加油站也如雨后春笋,遍布全国各地,形成网络,仅福建省目前就有两千多家.汽车加油站正向着设备规范化、人员专业化、管理科学化的方向发展.由于汽车加油站经营的油料是易燃易爆,且有一定毒性的化学危险品,为提高加油站的安全管理水平,确保其安全运行,笔者根据我国1992年发布的<小型石油库及汽车加油站设计规范>(GB50156-92)及所掌握的有关专业知识和参加加油站安全检查评估的实践体会,写出本文,希望能对从事加油站经营管理、使用及安全生产监督人员有所帮助.     

城市建成区内加油站防火安全布局分析

以城市建成区内的二级、三级加油站为研究对象,应用G·M Lake Hoff计算方法和池火灾计算方法确定了加油站的火灾爆炸事故危害范围,得到其安全距离分别为13.4 m和11.3 m。提出了对防火间距不足的加油站进行整改时,要考虑城市油品供需关系,采取不同的措施,以达到既安全又便利的目的。并以哈尔滨市建成区为例,介绍了加油站防火安全布局分析方法的具体运用过程。     

港口加油站安全管理对策

加油站是港口必要的生产辅助性设施.由于加油站通常储存大量的各种油料,这些油料大都具有易燃易爆、腐蚀、毒害、易流失等特性,所以港口加油站是危险性较大的场所,一旦发生事故,往往会造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的财产损失,后果不堪设想.因此,做好港口加油站的安全管理工作对港口安全生产具有十分重要的意义.     

车用乙醇汽油加油站设计应注意的安全问题

基于车用乙醇汽油加油站的安全生产考虑,针对乙醇汽油的特性介绍了车用乙醇汽油加油站设计应注意的几个安全问题,并给出了在车用乙醇汽油加油站设计中解决这些问题的具体方案。     

加油站普遍存在的安全问题及整改方法

随着机动车辆的不断增多,加油站也越来越多了。作为危化品经营单位,其安全问题也越来越突出。笔者通过对几十家加油站的安全评价后,分析出这些加油站普遍存在的安全问题,并提出了相应的整改方法,供读者参考。选 址主要问题及整改目前,加油站在选址方面存在两大主要问题。一是加油站建在城市干道的交叉路口附近。这样容易造成车辆堵塞,会减少路口的通行能力;二是加油站的油罐、加油机和通气管管口与站外建构筑物的安全间距不足。如果加油站出现火灾爆炸事故,站外建构筑物会受到很大影响。产生上述问题的主要原因是近些年来,各中心城市在城市…     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

WTO与中国安全生产

新世纪之始,中国将要迈进世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）。在入世的过程中,与美国为首的发达国家之间始终存在着阻挠与反阻挠、限制与反限制的斗争,目前虽已告一段落,但远未结束。可以预见,中国加入ＷＴＯ之后,斗争非但不会停止,甚至可能会更复杂、更激烈。这场经济、贸易斗争实际上还有着深刻的政治与社会背景。最近几年,发达国家一直在努力使社会条款纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在“关注发展中国家人权状况”的旗号下,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国安全生产问题与国际贸易挂钧。实际上这是“涂上绿色’”的贸易保护主义。中国是一…     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式