SBBR工艺脱氮除磷理论及影响因素

主要对SBBR工艺的脱氮除磷反应机理进行了概述,并在此基础上深入分析了SBBR工艺要取得最佳处理效果必须考虑的几个重要影响因素,这对同时脱氮除磷有决定性的作用.     

序批式深床人工湿地冬季处理效能

针对连续流人工湿地脱氮效果差、占地面积大、冬季效能低的问题,以提高人工湿地冬季低温运行效能、减小人工湿地占地面积为目标,在前期序批式深床人工湿地研究基础上,重点考察其冬季低温条件下的处理效能。结果表明,温度对序批式深床人工湿地效能影响显著,8~10℃下城镇污水进水COD、NH_4~+-N和TN质量浓度为261mg/L、60 mg/L和70 mg/L时,各自平均去除率分别为72.6%、36.7%和40.2%,较20~25℃时分别下降9.8%、15.4%和10.6%;水温8-10℃时,2级序批式深床人工湿地系统COD、NH_4~+-N和TN去除率分别为95.1%、74.7%和78.7%,较单级系统的72.0%、38.9%和41.1%分别提高了23.1%、35.8%和37.6%。     

分段进水SBR工艺脱氮除磷实验研究

某污水厂采用SBR工艺处理城市生活污水,SBR工艺难以稳定地实现生物脱氮除磷的问题,其系统硝化作用和反硝化作用对进水碳源的利用顺序导致出水TN和TP不能达到GB18918—2002的一级A排放标准。采用分段进水的方法以提高脱氮除磷的效果,研究不同进水流量分配比(λ)对脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明,当进水流量比λ为5∶3时出水TN的效果最好,且各项指标都能达到排放标准。     

改进SBR工艺运行方式强化脱氮除磷的效果

由于传统序批式活性污泥法SBR处理工艺的局限性,当要求同时进行有机物、氮和磷的去除时,基本的运行方式虽在有机物的去除方面可达到较为满意的处理效果,但难以达到满意的脱氮除磷效果.通过对SBR法运行工况分析后提出了兼有脱氮功能、除磷功能及同时具备脱氮除磷功能的3种不同运行方式的改进流程,从而在不改变原有SBR反应池主体结构的基础上可满足不同尾水排放标准的要求.     

Cd对新型后置反硝化系统脱氮除磷的影响

针对重金属Cd~(2+)对新型后置反硝化脱氮除磷性能影响不明确的现状,本研究建立序批式反应器并探究了不同剂量的Cd~(2+)对后置反硝化生物脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明,低质量浓度Cd~(2+)(0.1和0.5mg/L)对生物脱氮除磷影响不明显,然而当Cd~(2+)的质量浓度为2 mg/L,生物脱氮除磷效率分别为78.6%和79.5%,显著低于空白组。机理研究表明高质量浓度Cd~(2+)对NH+4-N的氧化影响不明显,然而反硝化过程却受到严重的抑制作用。此外Cd~(2+)的存在对厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷均有不同程度的抑制,当Cd~(2+)的质量浓度为2 mg/L时,厌氧最大释磷量为47 mg/L,聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)的最大合成量为4.35 mmol/g,显著低于空白组。PHA的厌氧合成受阻从而导致好氧分解产能低,好氧吸磷不充分。     

黄水为碳源的颗粒污泥除磷机理研究

颗粒污泥作为近年来备受关注的一种生物处理技术,具有结构密实、沉降性好、生物相丰富且活性高等优点。为了了解好氧颗粒污泥除磷机理,以黄水为碳源的同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥为研究对象,研究颗粒污泥的物理特性、除磷特性,重点研究颗粒污泥中磷的形态及含量,同时研究不同方法对颗粒污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果及其对磷去除的影响,揭示该颗粒污泥的除磷机理,为城市污水利用同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥实现高效低耗除磷提供理论与技术支持。     

人工湿地脱氮技术研究

对2个不同人工湿地系统进行研究,结果表明:石菖蒲人工湿地和白鹤芋人工湿地对氨氮都有较好的去除效果,其去除率保持在90%左右,而对TN的去除率则较差,只有32%-63%左右.C/N比值是影响人工湿地去除氮的主要因素,实验以7:1-8:1为最佳值;水力负荷是影响人工湿地除氮效果的另外1个关键因素,实验在0.15-0.20 m3/(m2.d)之间时获得较好的处理效果.     

好氧颗粒污泥生物脱氮除磷对盐度的响应

以实际污水为研究对象,在内循环序批汽提式反应器中培养好氧颗粒污泥并探究了好氧颗粒污泥生物脱氮除磷对盐度的响应。实验结果表明盐度对好氧颗粒污泥生物脱氮除磷有严重的抑制作用。当盐度由0增加至15 g/L时,好氧颗粒污泥生物除磷效率由82.6%下降至32.3%,氨氮去除效率由85%下降至56%。机理研究表明盐度的增加能够显著降低胞外聚合物(EPS)中多糖和蛋白质含量,以及胞内聚合物聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)的含量,从而影响好氧颗粒污泥的吸附粘结性。盐度还对生物脱氮除磷关键酶具有严重的抑制作用。     

复合沸石脱氮除磷性能研究

为降低污水中氮、磷的含量,采用吸附法去除水中的氮磷.对天然沸石进行改性、复合处理,结果表明,改性复合后沸石具备同步脱氮除磷的功能.复合沸石吸附氨氮的等温线较好地符合Freundlich等温线模型,而吸附磷的等温线较好地符合Langmuir等温线模型.叶洛维奇吸附动力学方程能更好地阐明复合沸石在脱氮除磷过程中的吸附机理....     

温度和COD对SBR反硝化同时除磷系统除磷能力的影响

以除磷脱氮SBR(Sequencing batch reactor)系统作为研究对象,考查了温度和COD对其反硝化,以及除磷能力的影响.结果表明,反硝化除磷适宜温度范围为18～37℃.在此温度范围内反硝化除磷速率随温度升高而提高,而且温度变化基本上不影响反硝化除磷系统PO34-去除量和NO3-转化量之间的定量关系.同时实验还发现,反硝化同时除磷系统比传统的厌氧/好氧除磷系统节省33%的碳耗.当进水PO34--P质量浓度8.0～9.2 mg/L而COD质量浓度低至220～240 mg/L时就可以保证出水PO43--P质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L.而传统的厌氧/好氧SBR除磷脱氮系统则需将进水COD质量浓度提高至350 mg/L时才能实现这一目标.     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

WTO与中国安全生产

新世纪之始,中国将要迈进世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）。在入世的过程中,与美国为首的发达国家之间始终存在着阻挠与反阻挠、限制与反限制的斗争,目前虽已告一段落,但远未结束。可以预见,中国加入ＷＴＯ之后,斗争非但不会停止,甚至可能会更复杂、更激烈。这场经济、贸易斗争实际上还有着深刻的政治与社会背景。最近几年,发达国家一直在努力使社会条款纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在“关注发展中国家人权状况”的旗号下,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国安全生产问题与国际贸易挂钧。实际上这是“涂上绿色’”的贸易保护主义。中国是一…     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式