流动人员职业健康监护存在的问题与对策

流动人口的职业健康监护问题是职业卫生工作的重点与难点，是预防控制职业病，是保障流动人口职业健康和公平劳动权益的重要环节。根据对北京、浙江、山东、湖北、内蒙等地的调研，对流动人口职业健康监护存在的问题及原因进行了总结分析，结合目前我国职业卫生资源提出了政策建议。     

全力维护职工安全健康

<正>2014年5月20日,中华全国总工会在河南省郑州市组织召开全国工会推进职业健康监护管理工作交流会,探讨工会如何进一步促进职业健康监护工作的开展。"根据《职业病防治法》对职业卫生技术服务机构在‘前期预防、现场管理、健康监护和治疗保障’等环节的要求,我们相继成立了检测评价、职业健康监护、肺灌洗康复和职业病临床治疗4个业务     

油田企业如何做好职业健康监护

在油田企业中,由于一些岗位和工作环境的特殊性,对员工的身体健康会产生一定影响,因此需要开展职业健康监护。通过对油田企业职业健康监护存在的问题进行分析,提出了油田企业职业健康监护的一些对策,对保障油田企业员工免受职业病侵害具有重要的意义。     

马钢改制后的劳动卫生保护模式探讨

本文在分析马钢公司职业危害与劳动卫生保护现状与变革的基础上，探讨了“职业危害因素控制—健康监护—信息管理”为系统的冶金企业劳动卫生保护模式，并提出该模式贯彻落实的４个方面保障系统。     

职业健康监护 问题及对策简

职业健康监护既是《职业病防治法》赋予用人单位应尽的法定义务和劳动者依法享有的权利,又是减少职业病危害因素对劳动者身体造成职业健康损害、预防发生职业病的重要措施。《职业病防治法》和《用人单位职业健康监护监督管理办法》（国家安全生产监督管理总局令第49号）等职业病防治法律法规的实施,使职业健康监护工作纳入了法制化、规范化管理的轨道。但是,职业健康监护在实践中,特别是在基层还存在诸多问题,与法律法规要求还有较大的差距。笔者根据多年从事职业健康监护工作的经验和体会,就职业健康监护的目的、具体内容、工作流程和当前用人单位职业健康监护工作中存在的问题、原因及对策进行分析探讨,并提出改进建议。     

高温和手传振动作业的职业健康监护

<正>高温和手传振动作业人员如不加强劳动保护与职业健康监护,就会引发相应的职业病。GBZ188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》对高温和手传振动作业人员的职业健康监护工作,制定了相应的技术性、规范性意见。高温作业人员职业健康监护常见的高温作业有三类:一是高温、强辐射作业,如冶金工业的炼焦、炼铁、轧钢等车间;机械制造业的铸造、锻造、热处理等车间;     

强化企业职业健康监护管理

本文针对中石化荆门分公司职业健康监护管理过程中存生的一些问题，分析了存在影响职工职业健康的主要因素，提出了加强职业健康监护工作的方法。     

职业健康检查工作的实施

职业健康检查工作是职业健康监护的基础性工作,是健康监护工作的最重要环节。本文主要介绍职业健康检查工作的实施程序和组织职业健康体检应重点关注的环节。职业健康检查工作是职业健康监护的基础性工作,是健康监护工作的最重要环节。     

企业职业健康监护案例及主要内容

本文列举了3起岗前、岗中和离岗未做职业健康体检而导致的事故案例,说明了企业开展职业健康监护工作的重要性。又从获取职业卫生法律法规、制定职业健康监护制度、职业健康监护主要内容3个方面阐述了企业做好职业健康工作的主要步骤及避免企业职业健康监护工作中易犯的4个方面错误及措施。     

职业健康监护三层次档案的建立与运用

《职业病防治法》明确要求用人单位应当“建立、健全职业卫生档案和劳动者健康监护档案”。用人单位要做到对员工职业健康的有效监护．就应当形成全面有效、强调过程监管的职业健康监护三层次档案系统．这种档案系统的建立．对企业员工的职业健康监护具有较强的操作性和管控性。     

农民工职业危害防护需求意愿调查分析

为了调查农民工职业危害防护的具体需求意愿及他们对企业职业危害管理现状的认知,分析农民工职业危害防护需求意愿与农民工职业危害防护行为之间的关系。采用问卷调查的定量调查方法进行调查。调查对象中男性农民工409人,女性农民工157人。参与问卷调查的农民工,均接触一种及以上的职业性有害因素。调查内容包括了解公司预防和控制职业病的政策,参与公司的职业危害管理决策,实施的职业性健康安全培训、健康监护、个人防护用品的使用等预防和控制职业病的管理措施等方面,本次调查显示,农民工对于预防职业危害表现出强烈的需求愿望,且对企业的职业危害防护现况表示了不满,倾向于采取极端的行为维护自身的健康权益。但另一方面,农民工实际参与企业职业危害防护的行为率较低,与他们的需求意愿相比有明显的差距。     

我国尘肺防治的研究进展与展望

生产性粉尘是我国作业场所最普遍且严重威胁劳动者健康的职业有害因素,接触生产性粉尘引发的尘肺病是我国发病最高的职业病。为控制尘肺病的发生,以《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》为依据,我国已经进行了大量配套职业卫生标准的研制工作,同时,在生产粉尘健康危害评价、接尘人群的健康监护和呼吸防护用品研制方面开展了大量科研工作。要达到国际劳工组织和世界卫生组织提出的2030年消除矽肺病目标,我们的尘肺防治工作任重道远。     

83家井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病现状调查及预防对策研究

为调查井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病防治现状并提出对策措施,采用分层整群抽样调查方法对4省（市）的83家井工煤矿进行调研,调查内容包括:职业卫生管理现状、职业健康监护与尘肺病诊断资料、X线胸片、农民工基本情况、职业卫生知识知晓情况、社会保险待遇等。调查结果显示:83家井工煤矿的职业病危害防治工作领导小组设置率和管理制度制定率均为100%,但制度内容和职业卫生培训缺乏针对性;粉尘危害防治费用平均为吨煤0.18元/月;采煤和掘进工作面的总尘浓度约为1.02～49.5 mg/m3;在岗检查时,农民工肺部异常的检出率高于正式工,在岗农民工疑似尘肺病检出率为7.94%,农民工尘肺病平均发病工龄14.47 a±6.79 a,平均发病年龄42.56岁±5.80岁,与正式工相比,农民工发病工龄短、发病年龄小。因此,建议政府从法规标准建设、探索职业健康责任险、加大监管力度等方面,企业从强化主体责任意识、源头治理及农民工职业卫生培训等方面,加强农民工尘肺病的防治工作。     

Worker training and education in occupational safety and health: A report on practice in six industrialized western nations: Part two of a four-part series

During 1980–1981, a study was conducted of worker training and education in occupational safety and health in Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United States. This article is the second in a four-part series of the findings of this study. Part one discussed the genesis of the study and the study design, reported on the training requirements of the occupational safety and health legislation in each of the six countries, and considered the implications of this legislation for worker training and education. Part one also included information on how each country is organized to carry out worker training and education in occupational safety and health. Part two discusses the role perceived for worker training and education as an occupational injury and illness countermeasure and identifies and describes the major components of the occupational safety and health training infrastructure in each country in the study. Part three will report on course design, construction, delivery, evaluation, and costs. Part four will provide synopses of worker training and education for selected subsets of the worker population, e.g., migrant workers, nonorganized workers, employees of small business establishments, and employees of the federal or central government. Worker training and education programs will also be discussed for the following industries: construction, marine cargo handling (longshoring), and petroleum refining and related industries.     

Worker training and education in occupational safety and health: A report on practice in six industrialized western nations : Part four of a four-part series

During 1980–1981, a study was conducted of worker training and education in occupational safety and health in Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United States. This article is the fourth in a four-part series of the findings of this study. Part one discussed the genesis of the study and the study design, reported on the training requirements of the occupational safety and health legislation in each of the six countries, and considered the implications of this legislation for worker training and education. Part one also included information on how each country is organized to carry out worker training and education in occupational safety and health. Part two discussed the role perceived for worker training and education as an occupational injury and illness countermeasure and identified and described the major components of the occupational safety and health training infrastructure in each country in the study. Part three reported on strategies for worker training including course design, construction, delivery, evaluation, and costs. Part four provides synopses of worker training and education for selected subsets of the worker population, e.g., migrant workers, nonorganized workers, employees of small business establishments, and employees of the federal or central government. Worker training and education programs are discussed for the following industries: construction, marine cargo handling (longshoring), and petroleum refining and related industries.     

Worker training and education in occupational safety and health: A report on practice in six industrialized western nations : Part three of a four-part series

During 1980–1981, a study was conducted of worker training and education in occupational safety and health in Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United States. This article is the third in a four-part series of the findings of this study. Part one discussed the genesis of the study and the study design, reported on the training requirements of the occupational safety and health legislation in each of the six countries, and considered the implications of this legislation for worker training and education. Part one also included information on how each country is organized to carry out worker training and education in occupational safety and health. Part two discussed the role perceived for worker training and education as an occupational injury and illness countermeasure and identified and described the major components of the occupational safety and health training infrastructure in each country in the study. Part three reports on strategies for worker training including course design, construction, delivery, evaluation, and costs. Part four will provide synopses of worker training and education for selected subsets of the worker population, e.g., migrant workers, nonorganized workers, employees of small business establishments, and employees of the federal or central government. Worker training and education programs will also be discussed for the following industries: construction, marine cargo handling (longshoring), and petroleum refining and related industries.     

Worker training and education in occupational safety and health: A report on practice in six industrialized western nations: Part one of a four-part series

During 1980, a study was conducted of worker training and education in occupational safety and health in Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United States. This article is the first in a four-part series of the findings of this study. Part one discusses the genesis of the study and the study design, reports on the training requirements of the occupational safety and health legislation in each of the six countries, and considers the implications of this legislation for worker training and education. Part one also includes information on how each country is organized to carry out worker training and education in occupational safety and health. Part two will review the role perceived for worker training and education as an injury and illness countermeasure and will identify the major training sources and the role of each. Part three will report on course design, construction, delivery, evaluation, and costs. Part four will provide synopses of worker training and education for selected subsets of the worker population, e.g., migrant workers, nonorganized workers, employees of small business establishments, and employees of the federal or central government. Worker training and education programs will also be discussed for the following industries: construction, marine cargo handling (longshoring), and petroleum refining and related industries.     

建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康现状及对策

通过分析现阶段我国建筑行业农民工的常见职业性伤害事故以及职业安全健康现状,从教育、技术、监管3个方面提出了引导农民工学会利用法律、通过合法渠道维护自身权益;改善农民工的就业环境,加强个体防护,讲究文明礼貌,遵守职业行为准则,培养科学、文明、健康的生活方式等具体措施,为农村富余劳动力转移提供更多的就业机会,增加农民收入促进城乡经济协调发展,保障建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康提供科学依据。     

对乡镇企业职工的职业安全卫生知识、态度、行为的调查

从对某市部分乡镇企业职工的职业安全卫生知识、态度、行为所进行的调查看,不同状况的人群对职业安全卫生知识、态度、习惯有显著性差异。为此,提示职业安全卫生监督管理部门及企业的有关职能部门在职工的职业安全卫生教育中,要加强对文化程度低、年轻、工龄较短的职工的教育,并采用形式多样化手段。另外,职业安全监督管理部门还要加强监督外资企业做好职工的职业安全卫生教育。从职工对职业安全卫生的态度及行为结果看,提出在进行职业安全卫生教育时,要有针对性。不仅要给职工配备劳保用品,更重要的是监督职工经常和正确地使用劳保用品,并养成良好的卫生习惯