水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围量表研究

为有效提高水利工程建设的安全管理能力,基于SHEL(软件、硬件、环境、人员)模型,从4个角度划分出7个维度,设计了水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围量表;对湖南省湘江流域数个大型航电枢纽项目的各施工班组的工人进行问卷调研,并利用相关软件分析所收集的数据,采用探索性因子分析法确定安全氛围的维度.结果 表明:水利工程建设施工班组安全氛围的主要影响因素包括安全制度建设、设备设施管理、安全教育考核、事故预防与处理、人员沟通与态度5个方面;该量表从施工班组的角度出发,对安全氛围进行有效测量,可为水利建设单位的安全管理工作提供依据,提高安全管理水平.     

组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理及实证研究

为了研究组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响,从班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全氛围三个层面测量组织氛围,基于组织氛围与安全态度、不安全动机及安全能力之间的关系,构建建筑工人不安全行为发生的机理。通过23个项目267份有效问卷收集数据,采用结构方程模型（SEM）进行验证,采用决策试验和评价实验室（DEMATEL）进一步计算和分析各潜变量之间的影响度和被影响度。研究结果表明:班组级安全氛围对安全态度、班组级安全教育对安全态度、安全能力对安全态度、安全态度对安全动机的影响显著;安全动机和安全能力对不安全行为的影响显著;班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全氛围之间相互关系显著;班组级安全氛围、班组级安全教育和项目级安全教育是典型的原因影响因素,通过安全态度共同影响不安全行为。根据研究结果,提出应对措施,可为安全管理工作提供理论指导。     

建筑企业安全氛围对员工安全行为的影响及实证

员工安全行为是企业安全生产的基础,而良好的安全氛围对实现企业安全生产有积极作用。为进一步探讨建筑企业安全氛围对员工安全行为的影响机理,选取安全氛围中的管理层承诺、工作环境和安全意识3个维度,分析其对员工安全行为的作用路径,并应用结构方程模型进行实证检验。结果表明,工作环境和安全意识对员工安全行为有直接的显著正向影响;而管理层承诺对营造安全氛围起主导作用,并通过工作环境和安全意识作用于员工安全行为。研究表明,建筑企业重点关注管理层承诺有助于营造良好的安全氛围,从而有利于员工安全行为的改善,提升安全生产能力。     

核电厂建造施工班组安全氛围测量量表研究

为提高核电厂建造施工安全管理水平,基于软件、硬件、环境、人员(SHEL)模型,从4个方面划分维度,设计核电厂建造施工班组安全氛围量表;在建筑工人中开展问卷调查,并利用SPSS20. 0和AMOS22. 0软件分析收集到的数据。结果表明:核电厂建造施工班组安全氛围有项目部安全职责、班组内沟通、班组成员安全态度、施工现场安全管理以及施工作业环境5个维度;该量表可有效测量核电厂建造过程中的班组安全氛围,测量结果可为核电施工企业开展安全管理工作提供依据。     

社区安全氛围与居民参与、归属感的关系研究

为构建良好的社区安全氛围,提高社区安全管理水平,探究社区安全氛围与居民参与、社区归属感之间的关系。明确居民参与包含居民参与意愿和居民参与能力2个维度,社区安全氛围包含安全意识、安全交流、安全教育、风险准备和管理重视5个维度,进而提出居民参与、社区归属感和社区安全氛围的关系假设;采用问卷调查的方法收集数据,应用结构方程模型(SEM)分析问卷数据,并检验以上假设。结果表明:居民参与意愿对社区归属感和社区安全氛围有直接正向影响;居民参与能力对社区归属感和安全交流、安全教育、风险准备、管理重视有直接正向影响;社区归属感在居民参与对社区安全氛围的影响中起部分中介作用。     

建设工程安全管理的流程设计与检验

基于建设工程安全管理理论,提出施工现场安全管理工作流程图。首先分析中国建设工程行业安全生产管理现状,并引入施工安全管理流程设计的相关理论;进而利用现场访谈法和文献参考法进行需求分析,整合施工安全管理工作,运用IDEF0方法进行工程安全管理流程设计,完成工程安全管理的流程需求分析、流程功能设计、流程结构设计;最后通过问卷调查验证设计的安全管理流程的合理性与适用性。结果表明,施工现场安全管理流程有助于现场安全管理工作的实施,并提高安全管理工作的效率。     

基于中介效应法的安全氛围对员工安全行为的影响研究

安全氛围对员工的安全生产行为会产生重要的影响.首先在相关研究成果基础上,设计了安全氛围、个体安全认知和个体安全行为关系的分析模型,包括构面维度、维度关键因子与测评工具.然后通过在一家大型建筑企业集团不同项目上的问卷调查,应用中介效应法对安全氛围、个体安全认知、个体安全行为之间相关关系进行了实证分析.研究结论包括:安全氛围对员工的安全认知、安全行为起着正向影响,安全意识、安全态度、安全参与在安全氛围和安全行为之间存在中介效应关系.这说明组织安全氛围成熟度越高,个体安全认知感越强,其对安全行为的影响作用也越大.模型设计突出了原创性和交融性,能为建筑企业安全生产管理实践提供参考.     

各种煤矿安全管理行为及其相互影响作用研究

为了探究不同煤矿安全管理行为的相互影响关系,用以指导煤矿管理者的安全管理工作实践,在对煤矿安全管理行为内涵进行界定的基础上,运用专家调查法获得了25种煤矿安全管理行为,运用提名分组技术筛选出13种最重要的安全管理行为,运用模糊决策实验室方法对这些安全管理行为的相互影响作用进行研究。通过计算各煤矿安全管理行为间的直接影响矩阵,计算各煤矿安全管理行为间的影响度和被影响度,得到总影响度和净影响度,进而探析不同煤矿安全管理行为之间的相互影响作用特点。又进一步将这13种煤矿安全管理行为划分为5个管理维度,研究了不同安全管理维度之间的相互影响作用特点。结果表明,不同煤矿安全管理行为和安全管理维度的相互影响作用是不同的,煤矿管理者可以根据这些影响作用特点,更加合理地选择和实施各种安全管理行为。     

大学生校园安全感现状及提升对策

为了解大学生的安全需求,提升大学校园安全管理水平,本文在文献研究基础上,自编包括校园环境安全感知、校园安全管理工作感知、校园安全氛围感知和自身安全状态感知4个维度的大学生校园安全感测评卷,并通过贵州某高校安全教育学习平台对该校11 386名学生发放测评卷。测评结果表明：大学生校园安全感均分为77.96分,大学生校园安全感各维度表现不均衡,大学生校园安全感存在年级差异。应加强校园安全管理、加强校园安全教育和关注学生心理健康,进一步提高大学生校园安全感,助力平安校园建设。     

风险感知对非适应性应急疏散行为的影响*

为研究安全风险感知对非适应性应急疏散行为的影响机制,提升应急疏散的安全性,进而保障公众生命财产安全,建立包含风险感知、心理韧性、安全氛围、群体恐慌和非适应性应急疏散行为5个变量的理论模型,采用问卷调查法研究5个变量之间的关系,应用AMOS软件搭建结构方程模型,并结合调研数据进行分析。研究结果表明:风险感知对发生突发事件后人的非适应性应急疏散行为产生主要正向作用,群体恐慌通过调节作用提高风险感知,也会对人的非适应性应急疏散行为产生相应正向影响;安全氛围和心理韧性通过风险感知的中介作用会,对人的非适应性应急疏散行为产生一定负向影响;可通过加强安全氛围建设、安全知识科普、提高现场管理人员能力等方法,减少突发事件中非适应性应急疏散行为的产生。     

海外核电工程安全文化建设的实践

安全文化是企业文化的重要组成部分,有效的安全文化建设,对企业文化的管理和运行具有良好的促进作用。文章以海外核电某项目部的文化建设为例,以文化体系建设的安全文化管理模式、安全文化教育模式、安全文化检查模式、安全文化宣传模式、安全文化激励模式、安全文化科技模式、安全文化技能模式和安全文化专题模式来探讨海外核电某项目在安全文化建设的具体做法,为其他海外工程项目提供借鉴,不断提升企业软实力,提高中国核电走出去的安全管理水平。     

Measuring safety climate in elderly homes

IntroductionProvision of a valid and reliable safety climate dimension brings enormous benefits to the elderly home sector. The aim of the present study was to make use of the safety climate instrument developed by OSHC to measure the safety perceptions of employees in elderly homes such that the factor structure of the safety climate dimensions of elderly homes could be explored.MethodIn 2010, surveys by mustering on site method were administered in 27 elderly homes that had participated in the "Hong Kong Safe and Healthy Residential Care Home Accreditation Scheme" organized by the Occupational Safety and Health Council.ResultsSix hundred and fifty-one surveys were returned with a response rate of 54.3%. To examine the factor structure of safety climate dimensions in our study, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal components analysis method was conducted to identify the underlying factors. The results of the modified seven-factor's safety climate structure extracted from 35 items better reflected the safety climate dimensions of elderly homes. The Cronbach alpha range for this study (0.655 to 0.851) indicated good internal consistency among the seven-factor structure. Responses from managerial level, supervisory and professional level, and front-line staff were analyzed to come up with the suggestion on effective ways of improving the safety culture of elderly homes. The overall results showed that managers generally gave positive responses in the factors evaluated, such as "management commitment and concern to safety," "perception of work risks and some contributory influences," "safety communication and awareness," and "safe working attitude and participation." Supervisors / professionals, and frontline level staff on the other hand, have less positive responses. The result of the lowest score in the factors - "perception of safety rules and procedures" underlined the importance of the relevance and practicability of safety rules and procedures.ConclusionThe modified OSHC safety climate tool provided better evidence of structural validity and reliability for use by elderly homes' decision makers as an indicator of employee perception of safety in their institution.Impact on industryThe findings and suggestions in the study provide useful information for the management, supervisors/professionals and frontline level staff to cultivate the safety culture in the elderly home sector. Most important, elderly homes can use the modified safety climate scale to identify problem areas in their safety culture and safety management practices and then target these for intervention.     

基于班组安全氛围的建筑工人不安全行为预测

为拓展安全氛围在施工安全管理中的应用,提高建筑工人不安全行为可预测性,提出一种基于班组安全氛围预测建筑工人不安全行为的方法。通过文献研究获取班组安全氛围7个维度,并将其作为输入构建人工神经网络模型,利用问卷数据对模型进行训练、测试与仿真,最后通过实际案例验证模型实用性。研究结果表明:模型均方误差为0.015 4,目标输出与预测输出相关系数R大于0.9,该模型可有效用于建筑工人不安全行为预测,并在实际工程案例中准确识别出3个不安全行为因素。     

事故灾难类重大突发事件情景构建概念模型

近期重特大事故灾难频发,表现出我国安全管理水平和应急处置能力依然不足。为引导地区或企业有序地开展应急准备工作,设计了事故灾难类重大突发事件情景构建概念模型,分析了概念模型中的“机会窗”和“准备效益”等重要理念,总结了概念模型在我国当前阶段的重要指导意义。最后,以某化工园区为真实背景,开展了生产安全事故情景构建的原型研究,证明了在事故灾难领域开展情景构建的实际价值。     

The relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare – A multi-level investigation

IntroductionPatient safety climate/culture is attracting increasing research interest, but there is little research on its relation with organizational climates regarding other target domains.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare.MethodThe climates were assessed using two questionnaires: Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 1154 nurses, 886 assistant nurses, and 324 physicians, organized in 150 work units, within hospitals (117 units), primary healthcare (5 units) and elderly care (28 units) in western Sweden, which represented 56% of the original sample contacted.ResultsWithin each type of safety climate, two global dimensions were confirmed in a higher order factor analysis; one with an external focus relative the own unit, and one with an internal focus. Two methods were used to estimate the covariation between the global climate dimensions, in order to minimize the influence of bias from common method variance. First multilevel analysis was used for partitioning variances and covariances in a within unit part (individual level) and a between unit part (unit level). Second, a split sample technique was used to calculate unit level correlations based on aggregated observations from different respondents. Both methods showed associations similar in strength between the patient safety climate and the occupational safety climate domains.ConclusionsThe results indicated that patient safety climate and occupational safety climate are strongly positively related at the unit level, and that the same organizational processes may be important for the development of both types of organizational climate.Practical applicationsSafety improvement interventions should not be separated in different organizational processes, but be planned so that both patient safety and staff safety are considered concomitantly.     

地铁工程建设中安全气候测度工具研究

对现有安全维度研究进行总结,结合中国项目安全管理特征以及地铁工程特征,在专家调查及一轮补充调查的基础上,通过决策实验室分析法(DEMATEL)对地铁工程建设安全气候的维度进行筛选,获得可以对安全效果进行预测的安全气候的维度。结合各个维度在安全气候问卷调查中的调研要素,概括中国地铁工程建设安全气候主要调查指标。研究确定的安全气候主要因子可以为地铁工程建设中安全气候问卷调查提供基础,并通过对安全效果的有效预测指导安全管理决策。     

安全文化成熟度模型在施工企业中的应用

为降低建筑工程施工中的伤亡事故频数,提高施工人员的安全素质,促进建筑施工企业安全体系更加完善,结合项目管理中的K-PMMM评估模型和软件行业中的CMM评估模型的特点,将安全文化划分为5个发展阶段,构建了安全文化的成熟度模型,把安全文化评价指标体系划分为人和物2个层面,每个层面细化为3个评价指标,同时对各个因素层进行模糊评价分析,量化了企业的安全文化水平,为客观评价企业的安全文化现状提供了理论依据。最后,通过实例分析,验证了该模型的合理性和科学性。     

A comparative analysis of safety management and safety performance in twelve construction projects

IntroductionSafety management in construction is complicated due to the complex “nature” of the construction industry. The aim of this research was to identify safety management factors (e.g., risk management and site management), contextual factors (e.g., organisational complexity) and combinations of such factors connected to safety performance. Method: Twelve construction projects were selected to compare their safety management and safety performance. An analytical framework was developed based on previous research, regulations, and standards where each management factor was defined. We employed qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to produce case knowledge, compare the cases, and identify connections between the factors and safety performance. The material collected and analyzed included, for example, construction planning documents, reports from OHS-inspections, safety indicators, and interviews with project leaders and OHS experts. Results and conclusions: The research showed that: (a) the average score on 12 safety management factors was higher among projects with high safety performance compared to projects with low safety performance; (b) high safety performance can be achieved with both high and low construction complexity and organizational complexity, but these factors complicate coordination of actors and operations; (c) it is possible to achieve high safety performance despite relatively poor performance on many safety management factors; (d) eight safety management factors were found to be “necessary” for high safety performance, namely roles and responsibilities, project management, OHS management and integration, safety climate, learning, site management, staff management, and operative risk management. Site management, operative risk management, and staff management were the three factors most strongly connected to safety performance. Practical implications: Construction stakeholders should understand that the ability to achieve high safety performance in construction projects is connected to key safety management factors, contextual factors, and combinations of such factors.     

Exploring the perceived influence of safety management practices on project performance in the construction industry

Although safety management is known to be vital to construction projects, very few studies have solicited views from construction practitioners about their perceptions of which safety management practices (SMPs) are important to construction projects and related to project performance. An empirical study was undertaken in Hong Kong in order to shed more light on this topic. In the study, the importance levels of 15 popular SMPs and five project performance criteria were rated by 232 respondents. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and three SMP categories - information, process, and committees - were extracted. Of these three categories, safety management process was perceived by the construction practitioners as being the most important, followed by safety management information and committees. Moreover, the effect of the three SMP categories on a composite project performance variable was tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicate that the “information” and “committees” categories were associated with project performance positively and significantly. One of the major conclusions of the study is that the construction industry has paid relatively less attention to safety management committees, which were empirically analyzed as having a strong perceived impact on project performance. In order to improve project performance, construction companies should promote the criticality of safety management committees.