基于职业安全分析的割灌机安全性改良设计研究

在林业、农业劳动中经常进行的割灌作业是职业安全风险较高的劳动形式,割灌作业产生的职业伤害主要分为慢性职业损伤和安全作业事故,割灌机的设计缺陷是导致割灌作业职业安全问题产生的原因之一。对割灌机的把手、工作杆、背带、背垫、油箱、安全防护装置进行安全性的改良设计能够降低操作者肌肉骨骼疾患的病发率,减少职业安全事故的发生。     

电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人的工效学调查研究

对电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人的肌肉骨骼损伤进行了人类工效学分析。结果表明，过分低头、向前弯腰、手抬高过肩，长久坐位、同一动作持续时间过长以及工中休息时间太短，可能是造成工人肌肉骨骼损伤的主要原因     

汽车组装流水线作业工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

从调查３１６名汽车组装流水线作业工人的慢性肌肉损伤情况中发现，其主要不适有右手或右肩的疲劳、下背痛、手腕压痛、前臂压痛及下背压痛等。汽车组装流水作业工人的这些症状和体征与其工作时右上肢活动明显多于左上肢及常处于前倾弯腰体位有关     

割灌机的新型安全装置

割灌机的新型安全装置林业工人在山坡上手持割灌机进行作业时常会滑倒或跌倒。有时割灌机刀片接触灌木一瞬间，割灌机立即产生很大的反冲（反弹）力，往往使坡地上进行割灌作业的工人失衡后摔倒。工人在作业中一旦出现上述现象，旋转着的刀片会使工人下肢造成伤害。为了解...     

电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

电视机和有线通讯设备的生产，均采用流水线作业方式，３９０名生产工人的主要慢性肌肉骨骼损伤有手疲劳、右臂疲劳及肩痛，与对照人群比较，Ｐ〈０．０５差异显著。手痛、腕痛、颈痛及上下背痛虽多于对照人群，但无统计学意义，这与Ｌａｏｐａｊａｒｒｉ和ｓｈｉｈａｎ 等报告不同，这可能与当时工厂定额相对较低，全天纯劳动工时相对短有关     

电视机和有线通讯设备流水线作业工人慢性肌肉骨髓损伤调查研究

电视机和有线通讯设备的生产，均采和流水线作业方式，３９０名生产工人的主要慢性肌肉骨骼损伤有手疲劳、右臂疲劳及肩痛，与对照人群比较，Ｐ（０．０５差异显著。手痛、腕痛、颈痛及上下背痛虽多于对照人九，但无统计学意义，这与Ｌａｏｐａｊａｒｒｉ和ｓｈｉｈａｎ等报告不同，这可能与当时工厂定额相对较低，全天纯劳动工时相对短有关。     

基于JACK的机务人员上肢职业性损伤的仿真与评估*

为客观评价机务人员上肢职业性肌肉骨骼损伤风险,选取作业姿势、肌肉负载和暴露时间作为评估工作过程中机务人员肌肉骨骼损伤的指标,结合工效学和仿真技术,建立机务维修中肌肉骨骼损伤风险仿真评价方法,定量评估工作过程中机务人员肌肉骨骼损伤程度。采用动素理论分解A330飞机六号肋改装作业任务,对作业人员、工作场景、维修动作进行建模,使用JACK软件中的人因分析工具（TAT）分别对选取指标进行分析评估。研究结果表明:在六号肋改装作业中,机务人员存在严重的上肢职业性肌肉骨骼损伤的隐患,此研究方法可客观高效评估机务人员上肢职业性肌肉骨骼损伤的程度。     

基于DNN的作业姿势评估方法及应用

为有效预防工人肌肉骨骼疾病,提出基于深度神经网络(DNN)的作业姿势评估方法。利用人体关节点估计DNN模型,检测现场视频中工人的身体姿势;通过提取的骨骼关节点的空间位置,计算不同身体部位的姿势角度,并依据快速全身评估法(REBA)中的身体姿势角度与危害程度的关系,自动评估工人作业姿势的风险水平;以建筑工人典型施工作业姿势为例,验证该方法的有效性和实用性。结果表明:该方法能够克服身体遮挡、设备分辨率、光照条件等影响,准确检测关节点的位置;可自动连续评估工人的作业姿势,评估效率较高。     

机械行业工效学调查研究

对机械行业工人的慢性肌肉骨骼损伤进行了工效学分析。结果表明，目前我国机械行业工人主要存在的工效学问题是：坐椅高度和坐位工作台高度较高，正常作业范围过大，同一动作持续工作时间过长、劳动时间率偏高、工中休息时间偏少。建议根据有关法规和标准，采取工效学改进措施     

“共生工人”与机械外骨骼控制项目

正2016年3月,美国国家职业安全卫生研究所(NIOSH)的研究员在《职业与环境卫生杂志》上发表文章,描述了协同作业机器人对工作场所的影响。作者认为,机器人"创造出了3种类型的工人:人类工人、机器工人和共生工人。"其中,共生工人指的是"配备自动装置或机械外骨骼来增强作业表现"的员工。外骨骼能降低肌肉骨骼损伤风险,从安全健康层面考虑,确实有一定吸引力;《生物力学杂志》的文     

机械加工工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的调查研究

机械加工作业十分普遍，通过对１４０名机加工工人的调查，发现手、腕、臂、肩、颈和上背的疼痛及腕、上臂和上背的压痛与对照人群比，Ｐ＜ ０．０５差异明显，下背酸痛虽较对照人群高，但无统计学意义。这可能与机械加工时需取低头、颈前弯、上背前倾体位及勿需常弯腰等因素有关     

Risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and anthropometric measurements of Filipino manufacturing workers.

This study looked into the risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and established anthropometric measurements of Filipino workers in 29 manufacturing industries. Anthropometric measurements of 1,805 workers were taken, and 495 workers were surveyed. Limitation of motion was found in 0.8% of the respondents, affectation in activities of daily living was seen in 1.6% and 3.2% felt discomfort in the head and neck. Upper trunk and low back pain was experienced by 23.8%. Odds ratio results (p = .05) showed that it is 29 times likely for workers to develop low back pain when they stand for 2-8 hrs a day than when they sit all the time. Anthropometry can be used for the design of workstations and work furniture.     

Risk Factors to Musculoskeletal Disorders and Anthropometric Measurements of Filipino Manufacturing Workers

This study looked into the risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and established anthropometric measurements of Filipino workers in 29 manufacturing industries. Anthropometric measurements of 1,805 workers were taken, and 495 workers were surveyed. Limitation of motion was found in 0.8% of the respondents, affectation in activities of daily living was seen in 1.6% and 3.2% felt discomfort in the head and neck. Upper trunk and low back pain was experienced by 23.8%. Odds ratio results (p = .05) showed that it is 29 times likely for workers to develop low back pain when they stand for 2-8 hrs a day than when they sit all the time. Anthropometry can be used for the design ofworkstations and work furniture.     

Prevalence of low back pain in three occupational groups in Shanghai, People's Republic of China

PROBLEM: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent work-related conditions affecting employed populations in developed countries, yet little is known about this condition among the world's largest, single-nation labor force: The People's Republic of China. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among garment workers, battery/kiln workers, and teachers in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Data were collected by personal interview and physical examination at six work sites. The overall response rate was 78%. RESULTS: The overall (N=383) self-reported annual prevalence of LBP symptoms lasting 24 hours or more was 50%. Garment workers had a higher annual prevalence of LBP (74%) than teachers (40%), prevalence ratio (PR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4-2.4). DISCUSSION: The overall annual prevalence of self-reported LBP (50%) was higher than that reported among 50 other Chinese employed study populations (30%). Healthy worker effects may have limited the conclusions from this cross-sectional study. SUMMARY: These results suggest that LBP is a prevalent condition in Chinese workers and that more work should be done to estimate its impact on the Chinese workforce. The findings for garment workers were consistent with increased risk of LBP among persons doing work in fixed, sedentary postures.     

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders,Job Stressors and Gender Responses in Foundry Industry

The main aim of this paper was to identify job stressors, gender responses and association of psychosocial work stressors with prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among foundry workers. The data were obtained with ergonomics checklist using Likert scale. The results of this study showed a high prevalence of MSDs among workers. The male workers were more prone to pain in neck while the female workers were more prone to MSDs in upper back and shoulders. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship of dimensions of work aspects with pain and discomfort. It proved that the work-related MSDs are the results of interaction of multiple stressors associated with work and work environment, and other personal factors. ANOVA indicated that the perception of work aspects as stressors differed significantly between male and female workers.     

Musculoskeletal Symptoms In Workers

Self-report measures of musculoskeletal discomfort are a widely used and generally accepted risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in epidemiologic research. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in packing workers. A cross-sectional study of 75 workers was carried out using a modified Nordic questionnaire. Prevalence was determined with the percentage of positive responses to questions on musculoskeletal symptoms. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were the measures of association between prevalent musculoskeletal symptoms and demographic factors; they were determined with logistic regression. Most musculoskeletal symptoms in workers were from the low back (44.0%), shoulders (33.3%) and neck (32.0%). Years worked were strongly significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and pain in the neck, shoulders and wrists/hands, P< .001-.050. Hazards related to repetitive movements and discomfort postures could be reduced with stretching exercises, rotation schedules and through new engineering solutions.     

Psychosocial and Individual Characteristics and Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Clinical Laboratory Workers

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are an important health problem among healthcare workers, including clinical laboratory ones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs and individual and psychosocial risk factors among clinical laboratory workers. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 156 workers of 30 clinical laboratories in 3 towns of Iran. The Nordic questionnaire with individual and psychosocial risk factors was used to collect data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The prevalence of reported MSDs among the study population was 72.4% in the past 12 months. The most prevalent MSDs were pain in the lower back and neck; 42.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Significant relations were found between MSDs and age, gender, heavy work at home and job control (p < .05). MSDs among laboratory workers were high and associated with age, gender, heavy work at home and job control. More research into measuring these factors and workplace physical demands is suggested.     

Dental Workers,Musculoskeletal CumulativeTrauma,and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Who is at Risk? A Pilot Study

A pilot study was conducted at a dental clinic to identify (a) the prevalence of musculoskeletal cumulative trauma disorders (MCTD), (b) associated symptoms (with special attention paid to carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]), and (c) practitioners at risk. Videotapes, two questionnaires, a medical record review, and interviews were used. Forty-five dental workers participated and were classified into three categories: (a) dentists, (b) dental assistants and special assistants (DA/SA), and (c) dental hygienists and dental assistant-expanded function (DH/DAEF). Categorical data were analyzed using the chi- square statistic and risk ratios. The Fisher exact probability test was used for categorical data with a small cell. One or more symptoms associated with CTS were noted by 75.6% of the dental workers, 11% reported diagnosed CTS, and 53% reported back and shoulder pain. Both psychosocial factors and job demands appear to be associated with MCTD. All three categories of dental workers reported MCTD symptoms, and the DH/DAEF group was found to be at greatest risk for developing upper extremity symptoms, CTS, and back pain.