石溪岷江特大桥薄壁高墩安全施工技术

1工程概述 石溪岷江特大桥是乐宜高速公路上的一座特大桥，位于乐山市犍为县境内，全桥长1226m，其跨径分布为：16×40m（简支T梁）＋103m＋180m＋103m（连续钢构）＋3×40m＋2×30m（简支T梁）（见图1）。     

泉港交警公示“醉酒驾车成本”

“醉酒驾车=15天拘留＋2000元罚款＋事故负主要责任＋暂扣驾驶证90天＋[15天×40元（拘留一天挣的钱）]”最近，泉港区交警大队向机动车驾驶员公示了一个名为“醉酒驾车成本”的警示，其别出心裁的计算，吸引了许多驾驶人。据了解，泉港区由于晚上没有公交车，在外喝酒玩乐的年轻人绝大多数是酒后驾车回家，由此引发造成人员伤亡的交通事故时有发生。     

橡胶促进剂M盐废水生物处理技术研究

为探讨微生物技术在橡胶促进剂M盐废水处理中的应用，利用高效优势蘸强化A2O工艺对橡胶促进剂M盐废水进行处理，整个系统运行过程分为污泥的培养与驯化阶段及稳定运行阶段。在稳定运行阶段COD0平均去除率达90．71％，氨氮平均去除率达78．31％。以Mn^2＋、Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋、Ni^2＋为4个影响因子，通过正交实验分析无机离子对橡胶促进剂M盐废水中有机物降解的促进作用。由实验数据的摄差大小可知，各无机离子对优势复合菌降解橡胶有机废水的影响从大到小依次为：Mn^2＋、Fe^2＋、Ni^2＋和Mg^2＋。4种离子最佳质量浓度组合为：0．500mg／L的Mn^2＋、1．00mg／L的Fe^2＋、35．0mg／L的Mg^2＋和0．025mg／L的Ni^2＋。     

大力推行“1＋3”安全监控工作体系，形成生产安全共建共享长效机制——来自江苏淮安的调查

安全监管总局、全国总工会联合发出通知，要求各级安监部门和总工会推行我省淮安“1＋3”安全监控工作体系，为在全省各地大力推行“1＋3”安全监控工作体系，本刊特将安全监管总局、全国总工会联合调研组形成的关于淮安推行“1＋3”安全监控工作体系的调研报告进行全文刊发，供各地学习参考。     

浅谈离子交换树脂的再生

锅炉的安全、经济运行与锅炉水质有密切关系。锅炉给水中所含的溶解物质，如不进行处理直接进入锅炉，将会在锅炉的受热面上沉积，使传热情况变坏，金属因过热损坏而发生事故。而除去锅炉给水中对其有害的以离子状态存在的盐类物质，大多数是在锅外以离子交换的方式去除的。未经处理的原水中含有Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的盐类都是形成硬度的物质，为防止在锅炉受热面内壁上产生的水垢，须将水中的Ca2＋、Mg^2＋用其它不形成硬度的阳离子（Na^＋、H^＋）来置换，从而使水得到软化，在阳离子交换法中，钠离子交换软化是常用的一种方法。     

董事长与公司有劳动关系吗——从前董事长凤某因薪酬诉卧龙公司案谈起

案情介绍 自卧龙公司2002年4月成立之初，风某即担任该公司董事长，2006年1月2；5日被股东大会罢免。2005年2月3日，股东大会通过决议，董事长的工作报酬为当年实现利润总和（净利润＋所得税＋主营业务税金及附加＋增值税）的8％。依此规定，风某补领了2003年度和2004年度的工资近60万元。2005年，风某应得工资为876560元，扣除已经支付的工资19736元，尚欠856824元。     

酿酒酵母吸附处理含锰废水

研究了酿酒酵母对重金属离子Mn2＋的生物吸附特性，考察了pH值、吸附时间、酿酒酵母添加量等条件对酿酒酵母吸附废水中 Mn2＋能力的影响。结果表明：当废水的初始 pH 值为5，吸附时间为60 min ，酿酒酵母添加量为6 g／L 时，酿酒酵母对 Mn2＋的吸附效果最理想。酿酒酵母添加量对吸附有一定影响，但不宜过大。     

北京维科尔安全技术咨询有限责任公司

维科尔拥有优越的薪酬模式：“基本工资＋社保＋，效益工资＋分红股权”维科尔具有国家甲级安全评价资质并立志成为中国权威的安全评价机构维科尔诚挚地欢迎天下安全评价英才加盟作维科尔的新主人     

餐桌上的最佳“搭挡”

毛豆＋花生＋啤酒米饭＋鸡蛋＋纳豆这是日本大阪大学蛋白质研究所脑营养学家中川八郎教授潜心研究多年后推出的健脑食谱。这几种食物都极普通（纳豆指蒸后发酵的大豆食品），一般家庭都能吃上，故有推广价值。此方案的妙处在于卵磷脂的含量极丰。而卵磷脂进入胃肠道后被分解成胆碱，迅速经小肠粘膜吸收入血，并经“胆碱输送体”协助而顺利过关入脑，代谢为乙酰胆碱发挥健脑益智作用。不过，啤酒也是酒，饮用不可过量，否则所含酒精的累积损害反而危害大脑。核酸＋Vc核酸是一种比蛋白质还重要的养分。在鱼类、动物肝、蘑菇、木耳。花粉等食…     

天凉进补吃羊肉的注意事项

韩国的食品营养学家最近对63名百岁老人的饮食习惯进行调查后发现，他们的食谱具有惊人的相似点：一般都是米饭＋大酱汤＋蔬菜。     

化工过程开发中本质安全化设计策略

本质安全化设计是预防人为失误及设备失效、降低化工过程风险应优先采用的技术。在比较传统设计方法与本质安全化设计方法的基础上,讨论了化工过程开发各阶段实现本质安全的机会,认为在开发初期,实施本质安全化的成本低,难度小;通过分析可行性研究、工艺研究、概念设计、基础设计、工程设计等阶段本质安全化设计的影响因素、设计目标和设计方法,探索化工过程开发中本质安全化设计策略,提出了化工过程本质安全化设计流程。通过工艺过程本质安全设计、工艺流程的简化和优化、不同设计方案的本质安全度评估等措施,可提高化工过程本质安全水平。     

施工过程安全数字孪生模型的构建和应用*

为解决施工过程安全信息的虚实交互难题,降低施工过程安全风险,提出施工过程安全数字孪生模型。建立施工过程安全语义本体,分析施工过程安全关键知识要素;定义施工过程安全数字孪生五维模型,明确模型的构成和功能,基于物联网和有限状态机构建施工过程安全监控方法,并以塔吊顶升活动安全监控为例进行应用。研究结果表明:该模型能够实现塔吊顶升施工过程安全的数字化表达、参数化监测和自动化控制。     

石油化工企业过程安全管理评估系统的设计与应用研究

为了提升国内石油化工企业过程安全管理水平,借鉴国内外过程安全管理经验和优秀实践,提出了一种应用于石油化工企业过程安全管理的评估思路和方法。根据石油化工行业特点,构建了由16个要素组成的过程安全管理评估体系框架。同时,介绍了该评估体系的评估准则设计、评估方法设计,以及评估系统的应用。实践表明,此石油化工企业过程安全管理评估系统,既能评估石油化工企业过程安全管理绩效,又能指导企业设计和运行一套过程安全管理系统。     

Safety assessment of the film boiling chemical vapor infiltration (FB-CVI) process through a system-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP)

Film boiling chemical vapor infiltration (FB-CVI) is considered as one of the fastest process methodologies for manufacturing carbon-carbon (C–C) composite products and possesses various advantages compared to conventional methodologies. However, there are safety concerns associated with this process for large-scale manufacturing, mainly owing to the intrinsic nature of the precursor and the process conditions. Considering the multifunctional interactions of the various systems during the process, a system-theoretic process analysis (STPA)/system theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) model is used to perform a safety analysis of the hazardous states of the FB-CVI process at the system level. As a case study, the FB-CVI process equipment employed for the manufacturing of C–C composites is considered. The safety constraints present in the system are assessed for adequacy through a hazard analysis by STPA/STAMP. The analysis through STPA/STAMP demonstrated the capability to create proactive strategies for the design and realization of process equipment that can be employed to manufacture C–C composite products through the FB-CVI process.     

JHA在橇式脱水装置检修过程中的应用

工作危害分析法（Job Hazard Analysis，简称JHA），是一种比较细致的分析作业过程中存在危害的方法，它将一项工作活动分解为相关联的若干个步骤，识别出每个步骤中的危害，并设法控制事故的发生。集气站橇式脱水装置检修工期紧、工作量大，文章在简要的介绍了橇式脱水装置工艺流程的同时，对橇式脱水装置检修过程进行描述，运用JHA分析了橇式脱水装置检修中的风险，制定了相应的安全对策，不仅保证了施工过程的安全，同时避免了检修过程中造成的环境污染。     

Integration of process safety engineering and fire protection engineering for better safety performance

Since the inception of the process industries, there have been a great number of process incidents causing significant loss of life and property damage. Even the establishment and implementation of a series of rigorous regulations has not prevented the occurrence of process incidents. In order to protect people, property and the environment a more robust safety program is needed and the safety performance of process industries must continue to improve. In this work, the common ground and the unique characteristics of process safety engineering (PSE) and fire protection engineering (FPE) is reviewed to demonstrate the potential benefits of unifying the two fields or improving the coordination between them to create a more robust safety program, thereby enhancing the safety performance of process industries. Recommendations are made to facilitate and encourage continued discussion and efforts toward the integration of process safety engineering and fire protection engineering.     

取芯管取芯过程管壁温度变化特性试验*

为给冷冻取芯过程中瓦斯解吸模拟试验提供依据，依托自主研制的取芯管管壁温度自动采集装置，研究不同取芯深度及煤体破坏类型下取芯过程管壁温度变化特性。结果表明:在原生结构煤中取芯时，取芯过程管壁温度变化主要分为3个阶段，即稳定不变阶段、快速上升阶段与缓慢下降阶段，分别对应进钻、取芯与退钻过程；在构造煤中取芯时，管壁温度变化可分为缓慢上升阶段、快速上升阶段与缓慢下降阶段，分别对应进钻、取芯与退钻过程。在构造煤中，取芯深度越大，取芯管管壁升温幅度越大，取样过程中管壁温度峰值越大，且在取芯过程中，取芯管管壁温度传感器B1，B2，B3存在温升滞后现象；同一取芯深度，煤体破碎程度越大，取芯管管壁升温幅度越小，取芯结束时取芯管管壁温度越低。     

Historical evolution of process safety and major-accident hazards prevention in Spain. Contribution of the pioneer Joaquim Casal

This paper aims at presenting the evolution of process safety in Spain from various points of view. In first place, a study of the accidents occurred in this country in the process industry and in the transportation of chemical substances is presented. After this, the starting point of the process safety research in Spain and its evolution during the years are explained. The importance of this topic has also been reflected in the chemical engineering studies in some Spanish universities. Therefore, the current status of the studies on process safety in Spain is analyzed in this paper. A section has also been devoted to the process safety in the Spanish industry. An analysis of the related legislation and its implementation in the Spanish process industry is also presented in this paper. Finally, the professional career of Prof. Joaquim Casal, the pioneer in Spain in process safety and risk assessment, is summarized.     

国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理概述

国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理范畴主要包括PHA、MOC、RA/RM、事故调查、其他工艺安全管理工具等。本文主要介绍了国外化工企业常规工艺安全技术管理MOC———变更管理的概念、流程,临时MOC、MSR、PSSR等概念及流程。PHA———工艺危险性分析是国外化工企业工艺安全技术管理核心,主要应用于大型或复杂项目,重点详述了工艺危险性分析的流程、步骤以及四种常用的危险识别方法———HAZOP、SCA、What-If、FEMA的概念、主要步骤、分析过程及主要优点。一旦工艺危险被分析识别后,阐述了如何运用风险评估和风险管理（RA/RM）步骤、后果等级、频率评价、风险等级矩阵和风险降低的主要方法,如何采用故障树FTA和事件树ETA两种不同的方法测算各种事件或故障发生的概率以及事故的后果等级,最后介绍了故障树FTA和事件树ETA的主要步骤和方法。     

Inherent safety tool for explosion consequences study

The lack of formal integration between process design stages with risk and consequence estimation is a hurdle to designing inherently safe process plants. Conventional risk assessment methodologies are often not carried out concurrently with process design. Therefore, process designers lack the information about risk levels and consequence that may result from the process conditions being considered in a particular process route until the design is completed. Hence, effects of changes in process conditions on risk levels and consequence cannot be studied in a time effective manner during the design stages. Few studies have been identified on the possibility and viability of integrating risk estimation with process design. But viable framework and methodology for doing so has not yet been reported. This paper presents a feasible framework in which risk and consequences estimation can be part of design stages. A demonstrative tool named as integrated risk estimation tool (iRET) was developed by using process simulation software, HYSYS and spreadsheet, MS Excel as the platforms. iRET estimates risk due to explosions by using TNT equivalence method and the TNO correlation method. iRET has a potential to be extended to include all forms of risk such as fire, explosion, toxic gas releases and boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE). The paper also presents case studies to demonstrate the functionality and viability of using iRET in conjunction with process design. The results of these case studies have successfully shown that the risk due to explosion can be assessed during the initial design stage ensuring a safer plant. The framework and iRET there by presented here provide systematic methodology and technology to design inherently safer plants.