2种地铁司机轮班疲劳评价方法的比较

为减少轮班制度下地铁司机的疲劳风险,基于司机轮班疲劳的5个评价指标,研究适用于轮班疲劳评价的池田公式和疲劳指数(FI)等2种方法。对比2种方法的理论基础及计算模型,并运用这2种方法计算北京燕房线地铁司机的轮班疲劳度。结果表明:2种方法在评估地铁司机单班疲劳时给出的结果存在明显差异,在评估周期轮班疲劳时结果显著相关;用池田公式可精确评定轮班表中的每项工作引起的疲劳,用FI法评价长时间轮班疲劳时更为简单便捷。     

科技博览

接触网供电使北京地铁更安全随着6号线一期、10号线二期、8号线二期南段和9号线北段等4条城区地铁新线的开通,北京地铁总里程数达到442km,成为国内地铁运营里程最长的城市。新线路的运营不仅能分担旧有线路的运营压力,而且架空接触网供电、"唐氏CT"、高分子微孔弹     

地铁运营线上的安全守护者——记北京市地铁运营三分公司安质部部长肖清

随着北京市轨道交通的快速发展,地铁的客运量逐步攀升.北京市地铁运营三分公司(以下简称"运三")承担着北京地铁2号线、10号线、13号线及8号线的运营服务.2012年全年,运三运营里程140余km,占地铁集团的36.13％,客运量10.41亿人次,占集团49.5％.在管理线路的同时,运三还承担着管理4个车辆基地、1个停车场、88座车站、5 700余名员工的任务.     

生理节律对北京市出租车司机驾驶疲劳的影响

为探索生理节律对出租车司机驾驶疲劳的影响,选取具有代表性的15名北京市出租车司机,使用闪光融合频率计、动作稳定器、视觉反应时测试仪3种实验仪器,分实验组和空白组对出租车司机驾驶状态分时段进行多次测试,在数据统计分析基础上对出租车司机疲劳规律进行研究.结果 表明:出租车司机驾驶疲劳主要表现为困倦、身体不适以及倦怠3个方面.8:00司机疲劳程度最低,13:00疲劳特征关键点;7:00 ～13:00疲劳主要因素是生理节律,其显著特征是困倦,而工作方式对疲劳的影响相对较小;13:00 ～ 20:00疲劳的主要因素是工作方式和生理节律,其显著特征是困倦、身体不适和倦怠.     

基于绩效分配的地铁运营安全管理模式探究

为了实现衡量安全绩效的目标式量化管理,基于KPI理念并结合公司运营实际制定关键绩效控制安全管理模式KPC,该方法已在郑州地铁集团有限公司运营分公司安全生产中应用,研究结果表明:基于绩效分配的地铁运营安全管理模式具有可行性、有效性和实用性。     

努力追求零风险

<正>北京地铁运营公司(以下简称北京地铁公司)是全国第一家专业从事城市轨道交通运营管理的集团公司,作为国有独资特大型城市轨道交通专业运营商,北京地铁公司立足于专业运营服务商的角色定位,以建设国内领先、世界一流地铁为目标,通过全力推进企业安全文化建设,为确保北京地下交通线网安全运转、首都稳定大局全力以赴。保障安全运营北京地铁公司目前负责14条线路403 km的运营,2014年底将开通6号线二期、7号线、15号线西段,届时北京地铁公司所辖运营线路里     

摩托罗拉系统TETRA助力西安迈入地铁全网时代

摩托罗拉系统公司近日宣布,其所提供的800MHz TETRA数字集群通信系统被西安地铁1号线采用,使得西安地铁1、2号线在摩托罗拉提供的系统上实现了无缝互联互通,从而构建西安地铁通信中的重要指挥调度网络系统,为西安地铁的行车安全、高效运营和服务质量提供有力保障.该系统的成功实施意味着西安地铁在"平安运营、优质服务"的口号下向建设国内一流现代化地铁的目标迈进了一大步.     

复杂地铁工程施工安全控制技术研究

北京地铁5号线崇文门站为国内首次在既有地铁隧道下方采用暗挖法施工的地铁车站,施工期间要保证既有地铁线路的正常运营,因此施工难度和风险极大。施工前对既有地铁结构进行了安全评估,根据评估结果并结合相关规范制定了既有线结构变形的安全控制标准。在施工风险分析的基础上,结合数值模拟计算确定了柱洞法施工方案,并辅以降水、超前大管幕和注浆等辅助技术措施,同时采用远程自动监测系统实时监控既有线的动态变化,对施工中既有线结构出现的异常变形进行了及时处理,最终地铁车站成功建成,并确保了既有地铁结构的安全和线路的正常运营。     

昆明地铁 安全运营有护航

昆明地铁1、2号线首期工程即将全线通车试运营,其搭载的卡斯柯Urbalis888信号系统将在全线实现CBTC（基于通信的列车控制）全功能的数字化和智能化控制,为地铁的安全运营保驾护航。 信号系统就是地铁运营的＂总指挥＂,直接关系到城市轨道交通的安全、效率以及服务质量,是列车有序、精准运行的重要保障。     

中国安科院完成了广州地铁两条线路的防灾系统热烟测试工作

正近日,中国安科院交通安全研究所完成了广州地铁7号线、6号线二期工程2条线路的防灾系统全尺寸热烟测试工作。上述测试采用了中国安科院研制的专利产品——地铁车站及区间隧道现场热烟测试设备,对工程各防灾系统的运行状况进行综合性的安全测试和评估,为地铁安全设施的试运营提供了依据。中国安科院近年来一直致     

生理疲劳和心理疲劳对车辆驾驶的影响对比

针对现有疲劳驾驶预警和干预技术研究鲜有对生理疲劳和心理疲劳进行区分考虑的问题,为对比这两类典型疲劳态对驾驶员车辆驾驶过程的事故倾向影响,分别从性别、年龄和驾龄的角度分3批次共招募90位驾驶员进行状态诱发和驾驶实验。结果表明:尽管生理疲劳和心理疲劳都会如传统研究所述导致各驾驶员的驾驶违规倾向增加和驾驶能力降低,但是二者对于各类别驾驶员的驾驶影响程度和规律存在差异甚至迥异。研究疲劳驾驶相关问题时有必要首先判断驾驶员是生理疲劳还是心理疲劳,这是一个被普遍忽视而又可能影响研究结论准确性和有效性的重要因素。     

基于驾驶操作行为的驾驶员疲劳状态识别模型研究

以驾驶疲劳状态监测为研究对象,介绍现有几种疲劳检测方法及其优缺点,提出把驾驶行为操作和驾驶员生理指标相结合建立疲劳识别模型的思想。通过大量模拟器驾驶实验,建立驾驶操作和驾驶员生理指标之间的关系模型,并运用最小二乘法对数学模型进行了参数识别。利用驾驶员生理指标能较好判别驾驶员状态特性的特点,找出驾驶操作行为和驾驶状态之间的关系。研究结果有助于建立驾驶操作行为和驾驶员疲劳状态之间的关系模型。     

Fatigued driver’s driving behavior and cognitive task performance: Effects of road environments and road environment changes

This study aims to explore the effects of different road environments and their changes on driving behaviors and cognitive task performance of fatigued drivers. Twenty-four participants volunteered in a 2 (road environment) × 3 (fatigue level) within-subjects factorial design simulated driving experiment. Participants were asked to perform basic numerical calculation and distance estimation of traffic signs when driving normally, and provide answers to a questionnaire on fatigue rating. Results show that fatigued drivers faced greater attention demand, were less alert, and tended to overestimate the distance to roadside traffic signs. Fatigue caused by driving in complex road environment had the greatest negative impact on driving behavior and visual distance estimation, and the fatigue transfer effect worsened significantly but differently on both driving behavior and performance of fatigued drivers when switching from a complex to a monotonous road environment and vice versa. Notably, this study shows that fatigued drivers performed relatively better in arithmetic tasks than non-fatigued ones. In addition, when switching from a monotonous to a complex road environment, drivers’ performance in visual distance estimation and arithmetic tasks improved though their driving behavior deteriorated, revealing that the fatigue effect upon drivers might be explained to some extent by their alertness and arousal levels.     

真实条件下长时间作业的驾驶安全性影响研究

为研究长时间单调驾驶对驾驶员疲劳、嗜睡、反应时间和驾驶速度的确切影响,以合作企业3系重卡为操作对象进行了一组真实驾驶条件试验。在自愿的基础上随机地从合作企业物流公司选择12名经验丰富的驾驶员作为试验的驾驶员样本。试验采用主观评分方法记录试验者的嗜睡和疲劳状况,所有数据分析基于统计学软件PASW Statistic 18.0。试验结果表明长时间单调驾驶会导致驾驶员疲劳和嗜睡,而疲劳和嗜睡在一定的程度上会导致驾驶速度的加快,却没有导致驾驶员反应时间的显著变化。在持续驾驶3 h之后驾驶员的疲劳和驾驶绩效发生了明显劣化,故从安全的角度考虑应以2~3 h为界合理安排司机的作业负荷和绩效考评。     

Road characteristics and driver fatigue: a simulator study

Two experiments examined the influence of road characteristics on driver fatigue in a prolonged simulator drive. In experiment one, ten military truck drivers drove a mixed route, with straight, winding, and straight highway segments. In experiment two, 16 additional drivers drove either a straight, a winding, or a mixed route. Fatigue symptoms were assessed using performance, subjective, and psychophysiological measures (HRV). We hypothesized that drivers adopt different fatigue-coping strategies relative to the demands of the drive. Thus, on straight roads drivers are more likely to loosen their driving demands by either increasing their driving speed and/or not maintaining the lane position, as the road is tolerant to both strategies, whereas on winding roads, drivers are more likely to increase their speed but not their lane positioning. Our results confirm that decremental changes in driving performance varied among road types. In the straight road components, we found decrements in the quality of lane maintaining (experiment one) and steering quality (experiments one and two) and longitudinal speed (experiment two). In the winding road, we found that drivers increased their driving speed over time (experiments one and two).     

Freight transport and non-driving work duties as predictors of falling asleep at the wheel in urban areas of Crete

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of subjective reports of drowsy driving and non-driving duties on the falling asleep responses and road crash involvement of professional drivers in Crete. An attempt was also made to elucidate other driving parameters, such as freight transportation, which could be potential predictors of risky driving, after controlling for lifestyle patterns. METHOD: A sample of 317 professional drivers was studied through personal interviews. The interview questionnaire included items about sleep and fatigue as contributing factors to falling asleep probability and crash risk. In addition, the drivers reported the type of freight they carried in their last trip, as well as practices such as smoking and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: The first logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant predictors of falling asleep at the wheel were transportation of fruits/vegetables and livestock, non-driving hours of work, insufficient hours of sleep, and smoking. The second logistic regression analysis revealed all the previous items as powerful factors of crash probability, including the transportation of express freight and freezer. IMPACT: The findings of the current study are discussed as they pertain to directions for future studies and for the development of fatigue countermeasures.     

Antecedents of fatigue, close calls, and crashes among commercial motor-vehicle drivers

PROBLEM: Minimizing driver fatigue among commercial motor-vehicle (CMV) drivers is a major safety issue in the United States. This study examines the effects of potentially fatigue-inducing factors inherent in truck driving work and company safety management in explaining: (a) drivers driving while fatigued, (b) the frequency of close calls due to fatigue, and (c) actual crashes among CMV drivers. METHOD: Data for this study are derived from a survey of CMV drivers in 116 trucking firms, with all data being driver-reported. The relative roles of fatigue-inducing factors and safety management practices in explaining variation in fatigue, close calls, and crashes are reported, along with the roles of fatigue in affecting close calls and crashes via hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Findings indicated that fatigue-inducing factors inherent in driving work and safety practices accounted for appreciable variation in driving fatigued (R(2) =.42) and close calls (R(2) =.35), but not crash involvement. Driving while fatigued also accounted for incremental increases in the amount of variation in close calls, after consideration of inherent factors and safety practices. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Findings indicate that safety practices (e.g., establishment of a strong safety culture, dispatcher scheduling practices, company assistance with fatiguing behaviors such as loading and unloading) have considerable potential to offset fatigue-inducing factors associated with truck driving work.     

疲劳驾驶交通事故的严重程度影响因素分析

为探究和定量分析疲劳驾驶交通事故严重程度的影响因素,以广东省1370条疲劳驾驶事故数据为基础,对比分析不同年份、时间段以及年龄段的疲劳驾驶交通事故特征;以交通事故严重程度为因变量,将其分为严重事故和非严重事故,从驾驶员年龄、驾龄、车辆类型等17个初步选择的自变量中筛选对疲劳驾驶交通事故严重程度具有显著影响的因素;采用二...     

A pre/post evaluation of fatigue,stress and vigilance amongst commercially licensed truck drivers performing a prolonged driving task

Purpose. The main purpose of this research study was to evaluate changes in fatigue, stress and vigilance amongst commercially licensed truck drivers involved in a prolonged driving task. The secondary purpose was to determine whether a new ergonomic seat could help reduce both physical and cognitive fatigue during a prolonged driving task. Two different truck seats were evaluated: an industrial standard seat and a new truck seat prototype. Methods. Twenty male truck drivers were recruited to attend two testing sessions, on two separate days, with each session randomized for seat design. During each session, participants performed two 10-min simulated driving tasks. Between simulated sessions, participants drove a long-haul truck for 90 min. Fatigue and stress were quantified using a series of questionnaires whereas vigilance was measured using a standardized computer test. Results. Seat interactions had a significant effect on fatigue patterns. Conclusion. The new ergonomic seat design holds potential in improving road safety and vehicle accidents due to fatigue-related accidents.     

女性驾驶人特性与行为机制研究现状及展望

为系统地认识女性驾驶人的驾驶特性,分析其驾驶行为,从女性驾驶人交通事故数据统计、致因和心理、生理、“药驾”等因素,梳理国内外女性驾驶人驾驶特性及行为机制的研究成果,总结主流研究角度、方法和内容,并展望其未来研究趋势。对文献的梳理和分析表明:导致女性驾驶人交通事故的因素主要包括人格、认知等心理特征和视觉能力、应激反应等生理特征,同时“药驾”也影响着驾驶特性与行为。剖析了女性驾驶人特性及行为机制研究目前存在的不足之处,对未来的研究提出了建议。并针对女性驾驶人群体在各种道路交通环境中开展有效的模拟驾驶培训和教育,进而全面提升中国女性驾驶人的交通安全水平。