叉车应装防护罩架

编辑同志: 你刊1978年第10期封面介绍了沈阳第三机床厂生产的S3- WCO.5微型电瓶叉车。就车的结构、性能说,我认为是合理适用的。但是,从安全角度看,驾驶室没有防护罩架是个缺陷。因为,当开车作业升高时,所叉物件可能会掉落下来伤害司机。我厂1977年就有个叉车司机被所及物件砸伤,造成严重脊椎骨折。因此,我建议在叉车的驾驶室安装防护罩架,最好在制造叉车时就安装好。叉车应装防护罩架@刘增存$天津畜产进出口分公司!安技干部     

汽车配件加工企业特种设备常见安全隐患

汽车配件加工企业普遍使用气瓶、起重机械、叉车等特种设备。气瓶在充装、装卸、贮存、使用等过程中可能由于制造缺陷、附件缺损或操作不当等原因发生泄漏、燃烧、爆炸等事故;起重机械在作业时可能由于缺乏科学、系统的安全管理而发生挤伤、吊物(具)坠落、触电等事故;叉车常用于仓储大型物件的运输,可能因人、车、道路环境等因素而发生碰撞、挤压、载物坠落等事故,造成人员伤亡或财产损失。     

叉车的安全使用

叉车的安全使用叉车贺驶员安全须知不准随意增加叉车的配重；不准用叉车推、拖其它车辆；不准拆卸叉车的任何安全装置，叉车不准搭载乘客；要穿着不钩挂叉车任何运动部件的服装，如果发生伤人或损坏其它车辆或财产的事故，立即报告；叉车行驶速度要适合作业环境，在油污潮...     

基于叉车事故引发的管理改善和自动防御性驾驶策略研究

叉车是制造企业主要的物流设备之一。随着叉车的使用场景越来越复杂,叉车导致的车辆伤害事故频频发生,给企业敲响了警钟,突出了叉车安全管理的重要性。对生产过程中的1起叉车伤人事故进行事故分析、思考,围绕安全管理的“人、物、环、管”4个方面进行分类整合得出事故原因,从人员的行为、本质安全提升、优化叉车行驶路线、提升管理力度4个方面提出合理化建议。     

一起内燃平衡重式汽油叉车自燃事故

近年来随着工业生产的迅速发展,用于厂内搬运的叉车数量日益增多,叉车事故也随之上升。本文通过对一台停驶状态的叉车自燃失火的事故进行系统分析,逐步排除,最终找出了叉车在停驶状态下失火的元凶。     

对叉车额定起重量的分析和探讨

本文对叉车的额定起重量和实际起重量之间的联系与区别进行了分析,指出了额定起重量只是供叉车设计使用的参数,建议不要将额定起重量标识在叉车铭牌上,叉车用户应按照载荷曲线图来确定操作时的实际起重量.     

平衡重式叉车门架故障分析及措施

平衡重式叉车门架升降系统是叉车的重要工作装置，它负责货物的起升及相应的装卸、堆垛动作，并对叉车的整机性能有极大的影响，笔者在多年的检验中发现，驾驶员在操作叉车正常工作过程中，易出现叉车内门架起升后不能回位下降的故障。叉车在空载正常起升速度的情况下，     

基于差分GPS定位的叉车考试系统研究

设计的叉车考试系统,根据安装于叉车上的差分GPS接收机获取当前叉车位置信息,通过检测主板检测叉车各种动作信息,通过身份证阅读器对考试人员身份确认,最终车载工业电脑通过评判软件结合叉车位置信息及动作信息综合评判考试人员的考试成绩。系统操作简单,避免了人为干扰因素,更加安全可靠。     

叉车使用中的防火安全

如今工厂的货物搬运，大部分由叉车来完成。由于叉车使用的燃料都是易燃物品，且经常装运各种易燃易爆危险物品，所以，叉车本身存在着不安全因素，如果燃料泄漏，当叉车点火线圈产生高压电火花，蓄电池外部短路产生高温电弧，或遇排气管的灼热高温和火星时，就会引起着火或爆炸事故，同时叉车在使用和维护中，若有关人员违反安全操作规程或对装运的易燃易爆危险物品管理不当，也会导致着火或爆炸事故。因此，预防叉车火灾事故，应当引起叉车驾驶员、维修和管理人员以及货物装卸人员的高度重视。     

叉车检验中几个问题处理的探讨

基于多年叉车实际检验工作,结合TSG N0001-2017《场(厂)内专用机动车辆安全技术监察规程》,探讨叉车的定义和使用区域,指出资料审核环节中容易被忽视的一些细节,分析叉车检验中存在的问题并提出相应建议,可为叉车的安全使用、监督管理以及检验检测提供一定参考.     

基于层次分析法的厂内机动车叉车事故分析

近些年来，叉车在物流领域中的应用越来越广泛，但是随之而来也出现了大量的叉车事故，这不仅影响了人们的生产工作，更重要的是还威胁到了人们的生命安全。为此，笔者搜集了24起恶性叉车事故，对其进行了分析，并在此基础之上，结合笔者对此问题的理解，运用层次分析法．对导致叉车事故的原因进行了分析排序，得出叉车安全管理上作的重点。     

叉车用安全装置的开发

以机械设备为起因的工伤事故中,叉车事故比较常见。首先介绍了日本国内叉车事故的分类统计数据,从硬件设备方面,概述了叉车减灾的主要措施,针对驾驶员在行驶中将肢体伸出驾驶仓外时易发生冲撞或挤压事故的情况,提出了基于光幕及激光扫描器的驾驶员肢体伸出仓外的监控方法。然后根据叉车的不同刹车性能指标,探讨了如何设定检测领域大小的问题。对蓄电池式1.5t叉车进行的实验表明,在检测系统能直接控制刹车的情况下,我们提出的方法是行之有效的。     

Comparison of approaches to weighting of multiple criteria for selecting equipment to optimize performance and safety

Nowadays every piece of working equipment and tools has to comply with safety standards and laws. This study investigated multi-criteria methods for selecting working equipment in order to optimize performance and occupational safety. The multi-criteria decision-making (MDCM) method was applied to the problem of selecting optimal working equipment using four different criterion weighting approaches (direct weighting, revised Simos procedure, Fuller’s triangle and analytic hierarchy process). Groups of economic, technical and safety criteria were defined and five weighting scenarios were developed. Although the four weighting methods produced similar results, in some situations they produced different criterion weighting factors. The final output of the MCDM method was the identification of the optimal forklift in the five weighting scenarios. Although we have applied the MCDM method to a forklift selection problem, it can be applied to all sorts of working equipment in contexts where economic, technical and safety selection criteria can be identified.     

Characteristics of work-related injuries involving forklift trucks

Industrial lift trucks or forklift trucks are a common source of occupational injuries. In 1983, over 13,000 workers' compensation claims for lost-workday injuries involving forklift trucks were filed in 30 states. An estimated 24,000 forklift-related injuries were treated in U.S. emergency rooms in 1983, and an estimated 34,000 in 1985. This paper presents the results of an analysis of forklift injuries reported in two occupational injury databases — the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Supplementary Data System (SDS). Characteristics of these injuries (e.g., type of injury, diagnosis, body part affected) and of the injury victims (e.g., age, sex, occupation) are described, and scenarios of typical forklift injuries in various occupations are presented. Trends in forklift injuries from 1983–1985 are also discussed.     

Role of beliefs in accident and risk analysis and prevention

This paper mainly deals with an old psychological theme, i.e., the impact of comprehensive reference systems such as belief systems and culture on safety and accident prevention. It is hypothesized that an understanding of the beliefs people hold about risks and the causes of accidents, as well as their perceptions of risk targets and the need for safety, are important prerequisites for effectively managing risk and designing preventive measures. This viewpoint is posited to be highly crucial today, especially in this era of globalization where workers from different backgrounds are relocating, and increasingly complex technology is being exported. Illustrations are given for both developing and developed countries. Different factors are shown to cause bias in accident explanation and risk perception. Among these, people’s beliefs about their own ability to cope and also their culture are described as important factors. Both defensive explanations of accidents and illusory or biased risk perception are shown to influence safety assessments and to have important implications for defining the best preventive actions and for writing relevant preventive communications.     

Development of a loading dock safety evaluation tool

INTRODUCTION: Companies that use forklifts to load and unload trucks at loading docks are well aware of the main danger associated with this type of activity (i.e., the possibility of the forklift falling or tipping over when the truck suddenly moves away from the dock). Even if various truck restraint measures can be implemented to reduce the possibility of this type of accident, a number of hazardous incidents that result in a forklift tipping over from a loading dock still do occur regularly in day-to-day activities. This situation has brought experts to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of different measures and systems depending on the context in which they are used. METHODS: The present study touched upon both the technical and the organizational aspects of the restraint measures that could have an impact on safety. Certain elements were examined very closely, especially the failure of mechanical devices and their relation to the environment in which they are used, as well as the systemic interaction between people and the various restraint measures in use in a given context. CONCLUSION: This article presents a safety evaluation tool regarding restraint measures or systems for trucks docked at loading platforms - a tool that, of course, would take into consideration both the specific contextual aspects related to the docking bay itself, and to the plant. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This tool is designed to help companies choose the optimal safety measures to implement, while remaining realistic in terms of the technical and economic aspects of any given situation.     

基于动态风险平衡的海洋平台事故连锁风险研究

针对海洋平台事故风险特点,提出动态风险平衡概念,以此建立事故动力模型,并将该模型运用到墨西哥湾"深水地平线"井喷事故。动态风险平衡表征事故动力与事故阻力之间的动态平衡状态,具有动态性和暂时稳定性。事故动力模型以海洋平台可能发生的重大事故为研究对象,从工艺、技术和管理等角度分析事故可能致因和事故发展可能影响因素。该模型首先分析对象的初始事故动力,建立事故连锁风险图,然后计算初始动力发生情况下,传递动力和传递阻力的概率分布,最后提出相应风险控制措施。实例分析表明,基于动态风险平衡建立的事故动力模型能有效分析海洋平台事故连锁风险。     

FTA -AHP 方法研究及应用

事故树方法由于故障率数据的缺失无法准确确定各基本事件对顶上事件的影响度,工程应用中难以确定安全措施重点与优先顺序。将FTA-AHP结合起来,先用事故树做定性分析,得到最小割集和最小径集,画出等效事故树,然后以事故类型作为目标层,最小割集或最小径集作为准则层,各基本事件作为指标层因素,引入专家打分法构建判断矩阵,获得指标层因素（基本事件）对目标层（事故）的影响顺序,从而得到基本事件对顶上事件影响程度与顺序。将该方法应用于分析发生频率高的建筑工程高处坠落事故,研究结果表明,利用FTA-AHP方法所获得的分析结果更加符合工程实际,高处坠落事故防范重点明确,拟采取的安全措施优先顺序合理,有利于指导制定科学合理的防范高处坠落事故的安全措施。     

基于风险的化工园区布局优化决策支持系统

为加强化工园区风险辨识和布局优化,主要研究化工园区布局优化决策支持系统。在分析该系统主要功能的基础上,介绍基于风险的化工园区布局优化决策支持系统的理论模型:对化工园区重大危险源事故预测建模,包括重大危险源事故发生概率预测和事故后果预测;从个人风险、社会风险和财产风险3个模型评价化工园区区域动态风险,依据这3种风险值,计算区域综合风险;分别就功能区布局、消防布局和交通布局,对化工园区提出动态布局优化方法和建议措施。通过理论模型建立决策系统软件,结合实证分析,证明该决策支持系统的合理性。