人造沸石对氨氮废水的吸附及其影响因素

采用人造沸石吸附废水中的氨氮,研究了投加量、反应时间及初始pH等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了其等温吸附线和吸附动力学.结果表明:人造沸石能够有效地处理质量浓度为150～200 mg/L的氨氮废水,当初始pH值为5,人造沸石投加量为25 g/L时,反应120 min后,氨氮去除率可80％左右,人造沸石比天然沸石的吸附平衡时间缩短了约50％;投加量、反应时间和初始pH值对人造沸石的吸附都有影响.随着投加量的增加,人造沸石对于氨氮的去除率逐渐增加;随着反应时间的延长,人造沸石对氨氮的去除率逐渐增加,达到吸附平衡后,去除率不再增加;初始pH值对于吸附效果有较大影响,偏酸环境下去除率较高.人造沸石对氨氮的吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,且为优惠吸附;准一级方程比准二级方程能够更好地拟合吸附动力学试验数据,吸附速率随着投加量的增大而增大.     

改性沸石对印染废水深度处理的试验研究

采用改性沸石对印染废水进行深度处理,考察了沸石投加量、pH值、反应时间和振荡速度对改性沸石吸附效果的影响.结果表明:最佳吸附条件为沸石投加量2 g,振荡速率130 r/min,振荡时间60min,废水pH值9.33.正交试验可得,在沸石投加量、pH值、振荡时间3个影响因素中,振荡时间影响最大.     

褐煤腐殖酸吸附脱除废水中活性艳红的研究

采用褐煤腐殖酸吸附脱除废水中染料活性艳红X - 3B,研究了吸附动力学、吸附等温线、腐殖酸投加量和溶液pH值对废水脱色效果的影响.结果表明:褐煤腐殖酸对废水中染料活性艳红X-3B的吸附符合二级速率方程;染料的吸附等温线数据都可用Henry方程、Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程描述;废水中染料脱色去除率随腐殖酸投加量的增大而增大,但去除率的变化随投加量增加而降低;废水中染料脱色去除率随着pH值的减小而增大,直至pH =0.5时,去除率达到最大,为100%.说明在一定的条件下,褐煤腐殖酸对废水中染料活性艳红X -3B有一定的去除效果.     

零价铁处理模拟染料废水的实验研究

以模拟染料废水为研究对象,实验主要研究的影响因素有铁屑投加量、pH值和反应时间等.结果表明处理效果随着铁屑投加量和反应时间的增加而提高,随pH值的升高而下降.最佳条件下废水的脱色率达到95%以上,COD的去除率也可达到73%左右.此法成本低廉,处理效果好.     

混凝-电凝聚技术处理三次采油废水研究

为了使三次采油废水的CODCr达到国家标准要求,在保留油田现有工艺处理效果的基础上,在自制反应槽中使用电凝聚技术并投加无机混凝剂对三次采油废水进行深度处理,分别调整反应时间、混凝剂投加量、电流密度、温度和pH值等进行条件筛选实验.每次反应结束后从反应槽中取适量处理水,真空抽滤后采用重铬酸钾法测定CODCr.用钢做电极,以硫酸铝为混凝剂,当极板间距为1 cm,pH值为7.00,混凝剂投加量为300 mg/L,搅拌速度为100 r/min,电流密度为12.5 A/m2,40 ℃水浴加热反应20 min时,CODCr去除率达到66.7%,出水CODCr值为84.1 mg/L,满足国家相关标准要求.研究表明混凝-电凝聚技术能够有效处理三次采油废水,反应时间、混凝剂投加量、电流密度和pH值等因素对混凝-电凝聚技术的处理效果有显著影响.     

超细滑石粉对造纸废水混凝效果的影响

选用超细滑石粉作混凝剂,考察其对造纸废水混凝效果的影响,影响因素有投加量、pH值、水力条件等.单因素试验结果表明,各影响因素的最佳取值分别为:S盯投加量5g/L,pH值2,混合转速175 r/min,混合时间为50 s,反应转速50 r/min,反应时间15min.在单因素影响研究的基础上,进行4因素3水平的正交实验,结果表明,SFT混凝效果的最佳条件为:投加量为2.5 g/L,pH值为2,混合转速为175 r/min,反应时间为5 min;各因素的影响顺序为:pH值＞投加量＞混合转速＞反应时间.     

活性炭对直接湖蓝5B的吸附研究

用活性炭对直接湖蓝5B模拟废水进行了吸附实验.考察了投炭量、吸附时间、废水初始浓度和pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学特征进行了探讨.结果表明,废水pH值、吸附时间和投炭量对吸附效果有明显影响,而反应温度变化对吸附量的影响不明显.以吸附率作为控制指标,通过正交实验得出各因素影响大小排序为:pH值＞废水浓度＞吸附时...     

冷轧含铬废水的化学还原法处理研究

对冷轧含铬废水使用化学还原法处理进行了系统的研究.考查了pH值、还原剂的投加量、反应时间等因素的影响.试验比较了不同还原剂处理含铬废水的效果,在硫酸亚铁投加量为2.642 g/L.反应时问2 min.pH值为7.5时,六价铬的去除率可达99.98%.     

褐煤吸附脱除废水中染料活性翠蓝的研究

采用褐煤吸附脱除废水中染料活性翠蓝KNG,研究了褐煤对废水中活性翠蓝的吸附动力学、吸附等温线模式,考察了pH值和褐煤投加量对废水中活性翠蓝去除率的影响.结果表明,吸附动力学较好地符合二级速率方程(R2= 0.945 1);吸附等温式满足Freundlich方程(R2=0.98);废水中染料的去除率随溶液pH值的减小而增加,在pH=1 ～2时,去除效果最好;在一定条件下,去除率随褐煤投加量增加而增加.褐煤对废水中染料活性翠蓝有很好的吸附去除作用.     

纳米碳酸钙去除水中磷的实验研究

对纳米碳酸钙对含磷废水的处理进行了实验研究.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙对水中的磷有良好的去除效果.主要对纳米碳酸钙的投加量、进水pH值以及反应时间等影响因素对含磷废水处理效率的影响进行了实验分析.最后得出,对于磷质量浓度为50 mg/L的含磷溶液,pH=12的条件下,投加固液比为0.02 g/mL,反应时间30 min,磷的去除率可达到98%.纳米碳酸钙对水中磷的吸附作用符合Langmiur等温吸附方程.     

一种多元复合型液氨洗消剂的实验研究

采用含有MgCl2,AlCl3及氟表面活性剂的多元复合型水洗消剂对液氨泄漏进行模拟洗消实验研究,并探讨洗消剂的浓度、Mg/Al配比和洗消时间等对其洗消效率的影响。经研究发现,相比于含有单一金属离子的溶液,Mg2+和Al3+配比为1∶1(摩尔比)的混合溶液具有最佳的洗消效果,两者之间存在着协同洗消作用。该洗消剂可将NH3完全转变为NH4+,自身则转变为无毒无害的氢氧化物,洗消彻底。少量氟表面活性剂的加入,可以降低洗消剂的表面张力,改善细水雾的流动特性。对洗消剂的稳定性及其对洗消装备的腐蚀性也进行了研究。相对于传统的纯水或稀酸型洗消剂,该多元复合型洗消剂配制工艺简单,洗消效率高,洗消彻底,洗消产物无毒无害,是一种高效的环保型洗消剂。     

矿山循环水中SO42-的脱除研究

采用吸附法、七铝酸十二钙法、石灰-氯化铝絮凝沉淀法对矿山循环水中高浓度SO24-的脱除进行研究。结果表明:单纯采用吸附法来处理废水,处理后水中的SO24-远不能达到工业用水标准;实验室制备的七铝酸十二钙对SO24-的去除效果不理想,仅为35%,也无法达到工业用水标准;采用石灰-氯化铝絮凝沉淀法处理废水时,当Al3+投加量为420mg/L,pH值为11时,去除率高达90%以上,可使废水中的SO24-质量浓度从1 800 mg/L降至200mg/L以下,完全可循环回用于矿山的选矿和采矿生产。     

松针炭载铈材料对罗丹明B的吸附性能研究

在氮气氛围下热解制备松针炭,采用浸渍法将硝酸铈负载到松针炭上,在300℃氛围中焙烧2 h,制得铈改性松针炭。用罗丹明B溶液模拟染料废水,分别研究松针炭和铈改性松针炭对罗丹明B的吸附效果。实验表明:加热温度为300℃、升温速率为10℃/min、加热时间为2 h时,制备的松针炭对罗丹明B的去除率为68.8%;浸渍浓度为0.02 mol/L、焙烧温度为300℃时制备的Ce/PC复合材料对罗丹明B的去除率为81.6%。松针炭经铈改性后,吸附性能大幅提高。     

铝阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料模拟废水

对铝阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B模拟废水进行了初步的实验研究.考察了电流密度、初始pH值、电解质浓度及种类、温度、染料浓度等因素的影响.结果表明,在一定实验条件下,活性黑KN-B模拟废水的脱色效率可达到88%;电流强度、染料浓度、电解液初始pH值、氯化钠电解质浓度、温度对染料溶液脱色效率的影响明显,而硫酸钠电解质浓度对脱色效率的影响不显著;在电凝聚处理过程中,主要作用机理是吸附网捕占主导地位;活性黑KN-B在阴极上发生了还原反应.     

聚硅酸铝铁/羧基壳聚糖复合絮凝剂处理硫化黑染料废水的研究

用聚硅酸铝铁/羧基壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水进行了处理,研究了影响絮凝剂处理硫化黑染料废水的影响因素。结果表明,较佳的条件为转速50 r/min、聚硅酸铝铁和羧基壳聚糖的质量配比为3、废水pH值为9.0、絮凝剂用量为60 mg/L。在该条件下,复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水的COD、色度、浊度去除率分别为92.1%,88.6%,96.3%。     

粉煤灰处理阴离子表面活性剂废水及机理研究

采用粉煤灰作为吸附混凝剂,研究了粉煤灰对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)模拟废水的去除效果及机理.结果表明,粉煤灰投加量和pH值对去除效果有较大影响;在200 mL 50 mg/L的SDS溶液中,调节pH值为13,加入70 g粉煤灰,搅拌20min时,SDS的去除率为83.3％.粉煤灰对SDS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式.     

Inhibition effects of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 on Al-Mg alloy dust explosion

To identify a superior explosion suppressant for Al-Mg alloy dust explosion, the inhibition effects of Al(OH)₃ and Mg(OH)₂ powders on Al-Mg alloy explosion were investigated. A flame propagation suppression experiment was carried out using a modified Hartmann tube experimental system, an explosion pressure suppression experiment was carried out using a 20-L spherical explosion experimental system, and the suppression mechanisms of the two kinds of powders on Al-Mg alloy dust explosion were further investigated. The results demonstrate that by increasing the mass percentages of Al(OH)₃ and Mg(OH)₂, the flame height, flame propagation speed and explosion pressure of deflagration can be effectively reduced. When 80% Mg(OH)₂ powder was added, the explosion pressure was reduced to less than 0.1 MPa, and the explosion was restrained. Due to the strong polarity of the surface of Mg(OH)₂, agglomeration easily occurs; hence, when the added quantity is small, the inhibition effect is weaker than that of Al(OH)₃. Because the Mg(OH)₂ decomposition temperature is higher, the same quantity absorbs more heat and exhibits stronger adsorption of free radicals. Therefore, to fully suppress Al-Mg alloy explosion, the suppression effect of Mg(OH)₂ powder is better.     

Innovative combined technique for high concentration of azo dye AR18 wastewater treatment using modified SBR and enhanced Fenton process as post treatment

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the performance of combined biological/advanced oxidation process (AOP) system for treatment of wastewater containing high concentration (500 mg/L) of azo dye Acid Red 18 (AR18). Two alternating anaerobic–aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR1 and SBR2 without and with external feeding at the beginning of aeration cycle, respectively) were operated. The effluent of the SBRs was then post treated through enhanced Fenton process (using zero-valent iron combined with ultrasonic irradiation). More than 90% and 97% of COD was removed in the combined SBR/AOP system without external carbon source (CTS1) and with external feeding (CTS2), respectively. The analysis of dye and its metabolites using UV–vis and HPLC analysis also proved that 99% of the original dye was decolorized and more than 89% of its metabolites were degraded through CST2 which is significantly higher than the reported values in the literature. Besides, more than 87% of phosphorus removal efficiency was obtained in CST2 compared to only 54.5% removal efficiency in CST1. Regarding the findings of this study, the proposed combined treatment system (CTS2) can be suggested as an effective technique for treatment of high azo dye AR18 concentration wastewater.     

The effect of Mg(BH4)2 on the energy characteristics of RDX based aluminized explosives

This paper mainly discusses the effect of Mg(BH₄)₂ on RDX-based aluminized explosives' energy characteristics. RDX/Mg(BH₄)₂, RDX/Al/Mg(BH₄)₂, RDX/AP/Al/Mg(BH₄)₂ mixed explosives were prepared by molding power method. The influence of energy storage materials on the performance of mixed explosives was discussed by adjusting the proportion of Mg(BH₄)₂. The impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, detonation heat experiment, and XPS experiment were carried out for the mixed explosive. The mechanical sensitivity, energy characteristics, and the products after the explosion of the mixed explosive were analyzed. Through the above experiments, it is concluded that Mg(BH₄)₂ can effectively improve the energy characteristics of RDX, but its safety will become worse after being prepared by a simple mixing method, and the use of the molding power method can effectively reduce the sensitivity. As the mass fraction of Mg(BH₄)₂ increases and Al decreases, the detonation heat of explosives decreases gradually. Mg(BH₄)₂ made the oxygen balance of mixed explosives more negative has been considered as a potential reason. Analysis of the detonation heat solid products by XPS found that, unlike our expected results, the product contained a large amount of low calorific value of B₂O₂ instead of B₂O₃, which may be a crucial reason. This paper provides a reference for the application of Mg(BH₄)₂ in energetic materials and is of great significance for the development and application of new materials in energetic materials.     

桉树遗态Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4/C复合材料对某尾矿库废水中砷的吸附研究

以制备的桉树遗态Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4/C复合材料(PBGC-Fe/C)为吸附剂,对某尾矿库废水中砷等重金属进行了吸附实验。研究了温度、pH、废水化学组成、吸附剂投加量及粒径等对吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附剂投加量越大、粒径越小,温度为35℃,p H为3左右吸附效果最好。但实际废水组分复杂,存在竞争吸附及化学沉淀等使砷的总去除率随p H的增大而增大。综合考虑,吸附砷的最佳条件组合为废水p H=5,PBGC-Fe/C投加量0.06 g/m L,粒径150μm。此时废水中总砷质量浓度为0.487 mg/L,可达标排放。