Process Safety Management (PSM) for managing contractors in process plant

Accidents involving contractors continue to occur with regular frequency. By using the standard set within the PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations, it has been identified that certain aspects of the way contractors do work are not up to the stipulated regulatory requirements especially regarding matters like not providing mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers, not discussing hazards related to handling procedures with the workforce and improper control of non-routine activities during changes in shifts. The PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(h) regulations promulgated in 1992 provides standards that covered processes to obtain and evaluate data regarding contractors' health and safety programs as well as the contractors' performance evaluation. Many of the accidents involving contractors are direct result of poor training of contractors and/or poor control of the contracted work. Even though most organizations have their own contractor management systems, there are issues in meeting the requirements of PSM. The PSM standard only state “what to do” not “how to do it”. This is known as self-regulatory policy which depends on the industries understanding to interpret the standard that also contribute to this problem. This paper presents a structured and easy technique to plan and implement a practical and comprehensive contractors' management system in process industries that will comply with OSHA CFR 1910.119. A model has been developed based on this technique and its application has been tested in a pilot plant for compliance to PSM regulation. The model is beneficial to the process industries as any deficiencies in the PSM contractors' management program will be highlighted by the model which will then easily correct the identified deficiency so as to minimize and prevent catastrophic accidents.     

核电厂人因事故预防的定量化决策

人因事故的分析与预防是核电厂安全运行和管理的重要内容。笔者提出的系统安全性层次分析法主要从两种角度考虑系统的安全性:专家能力权值和安全性矩阵的建立。采用专家判断矩阵确定事故原因对系统安全性的重要度排序。举例某核电厂事故定量分析进行说明,在对事故进行原因分析基础上,构建事故影响因素层次模型,利用层次分析法分析得出事故原因重要度排序由高到低依次为组织管理、操作人员、人机界面、培训与设备状态,并据此提出了相应的预防与改进措施,为安全性要求较高的复杂工业系统提供事故预防的定量化决策依据。     

基于ISM-AHP的建筑施工企业安全投入结构优化研究

建筑施工企业在安全资金的投入和使用上都存在不合理的现象,为提高企业的安全管理水平,确保安全投入高效性,有必要对建筑施工企业的安全投入结构进行优化.通过调查问卷的形式调研65个建筑施工项目的安全管理人员,筛选出主要安全投入要素.然后运用解释结构模型(ISM)结合层次分析法(AHP)构建安全投入结构优化模型.并且,根据调查...     

建设工程施工安全控制的多层次灰色综合评价

根据建设工程形成的过程,分析了施工安全控制的8个评价指标,应用层次分析法和灰色理论相结合的方法,将定性指标进行量化处理,建立了建设工程施工安全控制的综合评价模型,为科学评价建设单位安全管理状况提供了1种简易、可行、实用的方法.     

Prioritizing highway safety improvement projects: A multi-criteria model and case study with SafetyAnalyst

This paper presents a multi-criteria model for prioritizing highway safety improvement projects, in which a set of criteria related to the project’s technical, economic, and social impacts are properly weighted in consideration. The proposed model features an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework to tackle the multi-criteria decision making problem. Different from the conventional AHP, this paper adds a fuzzy scale level between the criteria level and the alternative level, which offers the advantage of preventing the vagueness and uncertainty on judgments of the decision-maker(s). Such a unique modeling feature is further embedded with a non-linear optimization formulation to maximize the consistency in pair-wise comparison and weight estimation for each criterion. Case study results reveal that the proposed model is efficient not only for selecting the most suitable project for a specific site, but also for determining the priorities for implementing those suitable projects among multiple sites given the budget constraint. Comparative study between the proposed model and the existing ranking methods has also indicated its capability to capture the comprehensive impacts of all contributory factors which have been neglected by most existing single multi-criteria approaches during the safety project selection process. The clarity of model inputs, ease of synthesizing the final score of each candidate project, and the interpretation of results with respect to different selection criteria offer its best potential to be used as an effective tool for highway safety managers to assess and refine the safety improvement investments.     

Exploring the information literacy of professionals in safety management

With the rapid development of increasingly complex technology and large scale industrial projects, all kinds of safety problems become extremely intricate in daily safety management (SM). It is therefore indispensable to effectively collect, analyze, assess, and synthesize information that is relevant to accident risk. In this paper, the concept of the information literacy (IL) of professionals in SM is proposed, and a conceptual framework is put forward. Further, determinants of the IL of safety professionals are suggested, including individual attributes, safety climate and culture, information infrastructure, information technology (IT) human resources, production technology and management, and national information policy, law and ethics. Of course, further research on the IL of safety professionals should be carried out for effective SM.     

建筑工程安全的风险识别及评价方法研究

建筑项目安全风险管理主要分为 3个阶段进行 :风险识别阶段 ;风险评价阶段 ;风险决策阶段。笔者主要对整个建筑工程项目建设过程中安全风险管理的前两阶段进行了探讨 ;在分清不同阶段的风险管理职责的基础上 ,提出了应用性较强的“子系统风险管理模型” ;进行了相关的实例分析 ,证明了其在风险的识别和评价阶段的适用性 ;并在风险评价方法中 ,合理制定了对不希望发生事件的发生概率和结果严重度的评价标准 ,为建筑安全风险的科学评价提供了依据     

基于AHP-CRITIC的电梯安全性评估

针对电梯安全评估方法中指标权重主观性大的问题,为提高评估结果的科学性,综合AHP法、CRITIC法和模糊综合评价理论,建立了电梯安全性评估模型。从设备情况、使用情况、人员管理3个方面出发,构建了电梯安全性评估指标体系。采用AHP法,根据专家经验构造判断矩阵,得到指标的主观权重。采用CRITIC法,计算同一指标的对比强度和指标间的冲突性,得到指标的客观权重。通过加权求和的方式,兼顾主客观权重,得到指标的综合权重。基于模糊综合评价法,应用"升半梯形分布"对各级指标构造模糊评估矩阵,并量化评估结果向量。以南京市某电梯为实例,应用该模型得出此电梯的安全值为68.8,安全等级为"较安全",与此电梯的实际情况相符;并与其他方法所得的评估结果进行比较,进一步验证了该模型的正确性和有效性。     

航运公司安全管理有效性组合赋权评价模型

为提高航运公司安全营运管理的决策科学性,需要对其安全营运管理的有效性进行过程跟踪评价。基于安全管理的运行过程与安全结果 2种评估指标,提出2种指标相结合的安全管理有效性评价模型。在熵权法(EVM)和层次分析法(AHP)计算的基础上,通过一致性检验确定有效性评价体系指标的权重。提出以组合赋权法确定优化权重数值。经案例应用,得出某航运公司安全管理有效性评价定量化结果。分析结果表明,当前该公司安全管理体系中操作管理是安全管理绩效的关键,而人力资源方面和管理体系方面的改善措施需要与之协调。     

基于改进层次分析法的城中村火灾风险评估及防控对策研究

为更好的预防与控制城中村火灾风险,本文将事故树、层次分析法、模糊综合评价相结合,通过FTA建立AHP模型,从防火能力、灭火能力、安全疏散能力、安全管理水平4个维度出发构建了城中村火灾风险评估指标体系,并计算了各评价指标权重,通过实例研究证明,该方法能够较好的分析评价城中村火灾风险安全等级,最后提出相对应的对策与建议,有利于城中村火灾风险的预防与控制,为提高城中村火灾消防安全管理水平奠定了理论基础。     

编组站安全管理考核评价方法探讨

在运用层次分析法和模糊数学的有关原理的基础上,建立基于AHP的模糊多目标综合评价模型,从编组站的安全生产、人身安全、事故防范、干部安全作风4个方面分类,建立共20个二级评价指标,对编组站的安全状况进行分析考核和评价,通过实例验证所提出的理论方法应用于编组站考核评价的可行性,该编组站评价指标体系和评价方法,对考核评价编组站的安全管理状况具有实用价值。     

Trevor Kletz's scholarly legacy: A co-citation analysis

Dr. Kletz is one the pioneers in the process safety area, known widely for his work on inherent safety design and loss prevention. He worked 38 years in Imperial Chemical Industries, and became a fulltime researcher only after his retirement. He published more than 200 papers and 15 books during his retirement. The intellectual basis analysis presented in this article shows that he frequently cited his books in his articles, indicating that his industrial experience was very influential to his scholarly contributions. Lawley, H.G. was one of the researchers whose work had most influence on Kletz's research. Among Dr. Kletz's publications, the article ‘What You Don't Have, Can't Leak’ has the highest impact, while his most influential book is ‘Process plants: A handbook for inherently safer design’. The references co-citation network is divided in two clearly connected components: his earlier work related to infra-red spectra, and his later work addressing process safety related topics, including inherent safety and hazard and accident analysis. Both his work and that of his followers is rooted in a similar intellectual basis within process safety research, in which particularly Dr. Kletz's earlier work forms an influential original body of knowledge rooted in his industrial experience. His career is a prime example of how process safety research has been strongly influenced by knowledge from industrial practice, illustrating that a continued strong connection between industry and academia can lead to very fruitful outcomes. It is hoped that the presented analysis can inspire especially young graduates with academic interests to first embark on an industrial career to gain industrial experience before aiming to contribute to academic process safety knowledge.     

Ports’ service attributes for ship navigation safety

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the service attributes of ports for ship navigation safety. Based on the relevant literature and the features of ship navigation in ports, the service attributes of ports for ship navigation were first investigated. A fuzzy AHP model was then used to identify those attributes from shipmasters’ perspectives. Finally, a Dissatisfaction Attitude (DA) index was used to determine the attributes’ priorities, by which the port authorities may make policies for improving ship navigation safety. As an empirical study, the shipmasters berthing their ships in Kaohsiung Port were surveyed to validate the model. The result constructs 19 port service attributes (SAs) for ship navigation safety, in which, the shipmasters place more emphasis on the SAs of operators’ professional literacy, including the marine pilot’s professional and English communication abilities, the VTC (Vessel Traffic Center) regulator’s professional and English communication abilities, and the tugboat driver’s skills. While, for Kaohsiung Port, currently, the traffic control of fairway is the most important aspect to be improved. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings for port authorities in improving ship navigation safety are discussed.     

基于层次分析法地铁运营系统安全评价技术的研究

从系统工程的角度,应用层次分析法的基本原理,构建地铁运营系统AHP(层次分析法)模型,确定地铁运营系统指标体系,将成对比较矩阵的特征向量作为地铁运营系统安全评价因子的权重,确定了相关因子的影响力排序;同时,对层次分析法(AHP)的优缺点进行分析。其结果显示:人的因素和管理的因素是影响地铁安全运营的首要因素;其次为环境的因素;而物的因素排序为最后。该排序基本反映了当前地铁运营系统安全能力的实际状况,为控制和减少事故制定有效对策,提供了依据。     

在役工业厂房建筑维护管理分析评价

在调研了全国各区域各行业工业厂房结构安全的基础上,提出工业厂房后期运营阶段的结构安全性和可靠性需要通过科学的维修制度来保证。分析了引起工业厂房结构失检、误判的因素,建立了相应的评价指标体系,以评价企业厂房结构安全的维护管理水平。理论分析和实例评价表明,通过提高维护管理水平可以减少厂房结构失检、误判事件的发生,加强厂房的检测、维护,可以有效预防工业厂房结构渐发性事故发生,在有限成本内实现对工业厂房结构安全管理的效益最大化。     

基于模糊层次综合法的炼铁厂评价模型及应用研究

运用模糊层次综合评价法建立炼铁厂安全评价的模型,该模型能有机地将炼铁厂的安全管理、设备设施、人员和环境等因素结合起来,依据各因素对系统安全影响的大小,决策者可对其采取相应的改进措施以有效地控制事故的发生。通过对炼铁厂安全性的分析,其评价结果和现实情况基本相符,能较为全面反映整个系统的安全性和各因素对系统安全性的影响大小,为炼铁厂的安全评价提供了一种有效的综合评价方法。     

跨江大桥建设安全管理系统综合评价

针对目前我国重大工程建设的安全管理现状,以系统管理的思路借鉴国内外重大工程建设安全管理模式的先进之处,综合考虑影响重大工程建设过程中安全管理的各因素,建立6个一级指标,27个二级指标的评价体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)对其中指标进行权重计算,结果显示危险源辨识、危险源控制与管理是影响安全管理状况的主要因素;结合模糊综合评价法对泰州长江公路大桥的安全管理现状进行综合评价,结果显示为良好,与实际情况相符合,证明其可行性。该安全管理系统评价指标体系的建立与评价方法的运用,对重大工程建设的安全管理现状评价有借鉴意义,以期提高我国重大工程建设现场的安全管理水平。     

浅析AP1000核电在役无损检测安全管理的重要性

作为第三代核电自主技术,AP1000是目前全球核电市场中最安全、最先进的商业核电技术。在役无损检测作为AP1000核电运营安全性的重要保证之一,其安全管理的好坏直接关系到无损检测作业的成功与否。AP1000核电在役无损检测是十分复杂的系统工程,作业过程中存在诸多危险因素,检测工序复杂,因此核电厂无损检测服务企业必须将安全管理贯穿于整个在役无损检测管理过程之中。     

基于层次分析-模糊综合评判的化工园区安全评价研究

应用模糊数学理论,把模糊综合评价方法具体应用到化学工业园区安全综合评价研究中,结合化工园区的实际情况,建立了化工园区的安全现状综合评价指标体系,采用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法计算评价因素的权重,运用模糊综合评判理论,提出安全现状二级模糊综合评价方法,实现对化工园区安全等级的综合评判。应用该方法对某化工园区的安全现状进行了综合评价,得出其安全等级为"一般"。实例表明:模糊综合评价方法可操作性强、效果较好,可在化工园区的安全综合评价中广泛应用。     

基于灰色多层次的航空公司飞行安全评价研究

针对影响航空公司飞行安全诸多因素具有的灰色性,引入灰色理论对航空公司飞行安全进行风险评价,从机组、飞机、环境和管理4个因素,提出航空公司飞行安全风险评价的指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定评价指标权重,建立基于灰色多层次的航空公司飞行安全风险评价模型。根据建立的模型,对国内某航空公司飞行安全状况进行评价,通过分析认为该航空公司的飞行安全介于高风险与较高风险之间,急需加强安全防范,尤其应该加强对飞行安全管理。综合评价的结果为航空公司制定飞行安全措施及预防对策提供科学的依据。