地震与环境生态

基于地震环境生态破坏的实际资料，我们讨论了以下的问题；（1）从Ⅸ度地震烈度开始就会引起环境生态的破坏；（2）初步划分Ⅸ－Ⅻ度情况下地地震对环境生态破坏程度；（3）得出了在发生6．7级－8．5级地震时环境生态破坏的面积；（4）提出了地震引起环境生态破坏的恢复和补救对策。     

城市和农村社区防灾减灾手册和挂图的设计与编制

介绍了城市和农村社区防灾减灾手册和挂图的设计和编制,包括设计和编制原则、编制流程、手册和挂图的内容与结构、挂图编制的主要表示方法以及编制的组织和实施过程。     

高架路桥的震害、震害原因及抗震措施

对近年来美、日等国的高架道路和高架桥梁所遭受到的地震破坏以及破坏原因进行了概述，对其在高架路桥的规划、设计、施工过程中所要取的抗震措施作了介绍。     

实事求是与中国特色的防震减灾

强烈地震常常以其突发性、瞬时性、毁灭性和次生灾害的连发性、给人类生存安全、经济建设和社会稳定带来严重危害。     

现代科技发展与科技期刊编辑

阐述了现代科学技术的发展特征，分析了现代科技对科技期刊的影响以及科技期刊在国家科技创新体系中的地位和作用，指出科技期刊要主动适应科学技术发展趋势，科技期刊编辑要及时了解科技发展，培养和树立信息意识，掌握电子编辑手段与技能，早作“转岗”的培训，只有这样，才能适应时代对编辑工作的要求。     

Facebook and Twitter,communication and shelter,and the 2011 Tuscaloosa tornado

This paper represents one of the first attempts to analyse the many ways in which Facebook and Twitter were used during a tornado disaster. Comparisons between five randomly selected campus samples and a city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, sample revealed that campus samples used Facebook and Twitter significantly more both before and after the tornado, but Facebook usage was not significantly different after the event. Furthermore, differences in social media usage and other forms of communication before the tornado were found for age, education, and years lived in Tuscaloosa. Generally, age and education were inversely proportionate to social media usage. Influences on shelter‐seeking actions varied between social media users and three random samples of non‐social media users; however, it appears that social media respondents were likely to be using a smartphone simultaneously to access warning polygon information, to receive text message alerts, and to listen or respond to environmental cues.     

试论长江三峡库区地震、地质灾害及其监测、预报与防治

通过大量资料对长江三峡库区的地震、地质灾害现状与蓄水后可能出现的潜在危险性作了深入的分析与客观的评估，从科学对策到技术措施对减轻这些灾害的可能 性作了较详细的论述，文中指出，长江三峡库区的防灾问题是一项影响整个国民经济与长江中下游人民生命财产安全的大事，要防患于未然，基于地震灾害与地质灾害成因大致相同，监测方法相似，相互又存在伴生，连发的紧密关系，建议将两个灾害的有关管理部门有机结合起来，统一规划、取长补短、将多个监测小网合成一个大网阵，联成一个大体系，责任共担，信息共享，这是长江三峡库区防灾工作的一条捷径。     

沙尘暴的活动和防治

本文系统地阐述了沙尘暴活动的特点、影响因素和防治措施.分析表明,沙尘暴活动的搬运动力和沙尘来源区物质所处状态是沙尘暴活动与否的决定因素.因此,降低沙尘暴搬运动力和改变沙尘来源区地表物质所处状态是防治沙尘暴的关键.     

地震科技进步与创新

<正>地震科学技术的重要性和紧迫性我国是一个多地震国家,20世纪以来我国地震死亡人数约占全球地震死亡人数的2/5,约占同期我国所有自然灾害死亡人数的1/2。目前我国经济持续快速增长,城市化进程加快,地震对社会发展和公共安全构成的威胁更加严重,如何更好地适应我国经济社会发展的需求,与时     

多源异构地震灾情分类与编码研究

震后地震灾情的快速获取是地震应急救援的关键,将多源异构灾情信息进行合理的分类与编码,对增强灾情信息的处理能力具有重要的意义。分析了不同地震灾情获取方法的现状与特点,介绍了几种新兴的灾情获取方法。分析了地震灾情的分类原则与方法,研究了多源异构地震灾情信息的分类体系。阐述了灾情信息的编码方法,提出了多源异构地震灾情的编码结构与编码存储。     

洪水的灾害与资源效应及其转化模式

从河流流量变化特性入手,讨论了流量变化所导致的洪水的灾害与资源效应及其特性。根据流量变化的特点,提出了洪水灾害特性向资源特性转化的几种基本模式,通过“留”、“配”、“引”、“防”可以减小洪水灾害的风险,使洪水灾害转化为洪水资源。     

Military Intervention and Humanitarian Action: Trends and Issues

An important trend in military doctrine for so-called 'peace support operations' has been to place them on a spectrum that includes coercion and enforcement. This paper focuses on British writers of doctrine as those responsible for driving the debate forward and forging a consensus among leading military powers. Their discourse is combat oriented, a fact reinforced by a trend towards strategic subcontracting to coalitions of the militarily willing and able. At the same time, there has been a move to institutionalise the involvement of military forces in relief, peace building and development activities. The overall emphasis is on stability and security to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian relief and to establish the conditions for peace-building processes. In the case of Bosnia, this involves conditionality and economic leverage. Although there is a long-established record of peace-keeping forces engaging in goodwill activities (with mixed results), the current trends contain contradictions that seem likely to contribute to the widely perceived erosion of classical humanitarian principles.     

Hurricanes and agriculture: Losses and remedial actions*

Hurricanes cause serious and long-term damage to the Agricultural sectors of Caribbean countries. Bananas and tree crops are defoliated, snapped or uprooted and food crops may be flooded or washed away. Recovery takes time and money as both the production bases and the infrastructure are damaged or destroyed. National economies do not have the resources to expedite recovery without aid. An account is given of the actions taken to estimate losses and prepare rehabilitation plans after Hurricanes David (1979) in Dominica and Allen (1980) in St. Lucia and St. Vincent. The implementation of funding agency-assisted agricultural rehabilitation programmes is also described. Some steps that farmers can take to reduce loss of food are suggested.     

泥沙灾害与泥沙灾害链的分类分级

泥沙灾害是泥沙在其侵蚀、输移和沉积运动发生变异时产生的特殊灾害过程,在本质上不同于通常的气象灾害、水灾害、生物灾害和地质灾害.泥沙灾害有着自身的分类系统和分级规则.泥沙灾害可以按照不同的方法进行分类,从而获得不同的分类结果.泥沙灾害链是泥沙灾害过程的主要表现形式之一.基于泥沙灾害特征及泥沙圈与其他圈层相互关系的考虑,从强度和破坏程度两个方面提出了泥沙灾害系统的分类方法,获得了较为完备的泥沙灾害分类.在泥沙灾害分类分级的基础上,还研究了泥沙灾害链的分类分级.泥沙灾害链的分类可以从受灾体和致灾体两个角度采用单指标和分级分类两种方法进行划分,但采用分级分类法更能体现出泥沙灾害链的特点.     

地震台站的雷电破坏与防护

像哨兵一样,日日夜夜,风雨无阻,密切监视着地球“脉搏”的地震台站,多数位于高山、丘陵和地质状况复杂的区域。其地理环境特征是周围没有高大建筑物,地下土壤电阻较高,是雷电频繁活动区域。而雷电的频频光顾,扰乱了地震台站的正常监测工作。随着“九五”成果在全国地震台站的普遍应用,“十五”项目的不断实施推进,数字化地震前兆台网已基本实现了     

西藏荒漠化及其防治战略

西藏自治区荒漠化研究始于20世纪90年代初，但近10年来在探索荒漠化面积、类型、分布、危害、动态监测和防治等方面都取得了重大进展。全区荒漠化土地面积20474114hm^2，潜在荒漠化土地面积1365180hm^2。从影响荒漠化进程的多种因素的发展趋势来看，目前荒漠化仍处于发展阶段。为了有效地促进西藏自治区的经济发展，改善生态环境，西藏自治区政府于1997年制定了详细的防治荒漠化计划，制定了“保护优先、积极治理、适度开发”的防治战略。按该计划，在2020年前共治理荒漠化土地面积5243870hm^2。考虑到西藏国民经济发展战略的总体布局，防治荒漠化在布局上将以“一江两河”中部流域为重点，兼顾其他地区。达到上述目标，将能初步实现西藏社会经济与自然环境的协调发展。     

Humanitarian action and military intervention: temptations and possibilities

Although the war in Liberia in July 2003 claimed hundreds of lives, the international community was reluctant to intervene. In this article, the author debates the question: does international military intervention equal protection of populations? The role of humanitarian organisations in military intervention is considered. Aid organisations cannot call for deployment of a protection force without renouncing their autonomy or appealing to references outside their own practices. Such organisations provide victims with vital assistance and contribute to ensuring that their fate becomes a stake in political debate by exposing the violence that engulfs them, without substituting their own voices for those of the victims. The political content of humanitarian action is also outlined and military intervention in the context of genocide is discussed. The author concludes that the latter is one of the rare situations in which humanitarian actors can consider calling for an armed intervention without renouncing their own logic.     

近50年来湖南省旱洪灾害及其时空分布

利用 194 9年以来湖南省 9个代表站的降水资料 ,提出了湖南省旱洪灾害的等级标准 ,分析了湖南省旱洪灾害及其时空分布和旱洪重灾区的形成原因