共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
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陕西2012年极端天气气候事件与气象灾害 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用极端天气气候事件监测系统监测结果,分析了陕西1981-2012年极端天气气候事件出现次数和强度,发现2012年陕西极端天气气候事件次数少于多年平均值,但华阴7月2-4日、佳县7月24-28日极端降水事件强度之大,为历史罕见,佳县27日降水量、26-28日3d降水量均超过百年一遇的水平,造成严重人员伤亡和经济损失.说明即便是在极端天气气候事件出现次数少,气候年景较好的年份,局地也会出现历史罕见的极端事件和灾害.此外,还分析了极端天气气候事件次数与灾情年景评估指数之间的相关性. 相似文献
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近50年北京地区主要灾害性天气事件变化趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用1958-2008年逐日气象观测资料,对北京地区的几种主要灾害性天气事件进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)各种灾害性天气事件的发生频率与强度均具较大的年际变化特征,高温事件的分布为双峰型结构,1990年代以来为高温多发期,年极端高温强度及连续高温日数均有增加的趋势,低温事件的变化趋势则正好相反;(2)强对流天气事件如暴雨、冰雹、雷暴日数的下降趋势不明显,但强度有减弱的迹象,大风、沙尘暴、大雾事件下降趋势明显;(3)北京年酸雨日数上升趋势明显,酸雨pH值的变化表明污染日趋严重;(4)北京气候变暖突变发生前后某些极端天气频率和强度表现出明显差异,其突变点相差1~2 a间隔,表明极端事件对于气候增暖变化需要一个响应过程。 相似文献
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基于湖南省97个地面气象观测站观测资料,根据所选定的阴雨天气评价指标,运用数理统计方法,对2012年上半年湖南省阴雨天气特征及强度进行分析评估,结果表明,阴雨天气阶段性特征显著,属隆冬至初春历史罕见的寡照低温多雨事件与初春至初夏的极端多雨寡照事件的组合。同时根据社会调查数据对阴雨天气的影响展开多方位分析,得出低温阴雨天气不仅对农业造成了重大影响,而且对水利、交通、建筑业等多行业和人们身体健康也有较大影响,以此提出了应对极端天气气候事件的对策建议。 相似文献
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江淮地区极端气候事件的时空变化特征 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
利用1951—2003年的温度和降水资料,研究了江淮地区极端气候事件的空间结构及年代际变化特征。结果发现:(1)气候变暖影响了极端气候事件的变化,这种影响是由气候平均值和方差的共同变化引起的。(2)气候变暖加速了水分的循环过程,导致20世纪90年代以来江淮地区旱涝频率和强度加大,强降水事件增加;冬季极端最低温度升高,低温日数减少;夏季极端最高温度和高温日数开始回升。(3)从极端事件分布的区域变化来看,气候变暖对淮北的影响最大,使这个脆弱性本来就很严重的区域变得更加脆弱。 相似文献
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随着全球变化的加剧,极端气候事件及重大灾害事件的演化与发展过程成为灾害研究的热点问题之一。在梳理和分析极端气候事件演化研究相关文献的基础上,主要从演化阶段、演化方式、演化分析方法三方面对已有的研究成果进行归纳总结,并重点阐述了用于辨析灾害事件复杂演化结构与耦合关系的多维度研究方法——复杂网络(Complex Network)在极端气候事件演化分析中的应用。综述发现,当前极端气候事件演化研究面临以下问题和挑战:要重视极端气候事件演化的复杂性和整体性,加强极端气候事件演化的定量分析,加强极端气候事件与社会系统“转入-转出”的机理研究。 相似文献
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The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
van Aalst MK 《Disasters》2006,30(1):5-18
Human emissions of greenhouse gases are already changing our climate. This paper provides an overview of the relation between climate change and weather extremes, and examines three specific cases where recent acute events have stimulated debate on the potential role of climate change: the European heatwave of 2003; the risk of inland flooding, such as recently in Central Europe and Great Britain; and the harsh Atlantic hurricane seasons of 2004 and 2005. Furthermore, it briefly assesses the relation between climate change and El Ni?o, and the potential of abrupt climate change. Several trends in weather extremes are sufficiently clear to inform risk reduction efforts. In many instances, however, the potential increases in extreme events due to climate change come on top of alarming rises in vulnerability. Hence, the additional risks due to climate change should not be analysed or treated in isolation, but instead integrated into broader efforts to reduce the risk of natural disasters. 相似文献
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随着全球变暖,极端气候事件频繁发生,由此造成气象灾害的数量日益增加。深入研究极端气候的变化特征,能够为预测和预防极端事件灾害提供参考依据。采用线性倾向估计法、反距离加权法和R/S分析法,选取10个极端气温指标研究了宁夏近50年来极端气温事件的时空变化特征,并在此基础上尝试预测了未来该地区极端气温变化的情形。结果发现:全天极端高温天数、白天极端高温天数、夜间极端高温天数、生物生长季和夏季天数分别以0.76、0.48、0.67、0.35和0.29 d/a的趋势明显增加,而全天极端低温天数、白天极端低温天数、夜间极端低温天数和最大连续霜冻天数分别以-0.40、-0.25、-0.66和-0.30 d/a趋势显著减少,极端气温年较差也呈下降趋势(-0.02℃/a),且空间差异明显;除极端气温年较差外,其它各极端气温指标与年平均气温均有很好的相关性;年极端冷指标和极端气温年较差在未来将继续下降,极端暖指标在未来将继续上升;宁夏气象灾害所造成的影响和损失将进一步增大。 相似文献
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《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(2):149-163
This research attempts to improve understanding of how climate change may affect international humanitarian spending, using existing international databases that track disaster occurrence and humanitarian costs. A range of potential impact scenarios is developed employing four distinct methodological approaches. The findings indicate that climate change will have a significant impact on humanitarian costs and the increase could range from a 32 per cent increase (taking into account only changes in frequency of disasters) to upwards of a 1,600 per cent increase when other criteria, such as intensity, are also taken into account. The paper further highlights that extreme weather events do not occur in isolation and the increasing interconnectedness of world economic and political systems has made disasters more complex and destructive. It makes a number of recommendations, including the need for more rigorous and systematic collection of disaster-related data and more constructive interaction between the humanitarian and climate change communities on future research, planning and action. 相似文献
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气候变化对东北地区粮食生产的影响及对策响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
东北地区粮食生产是国家粮食安全战略的重要保障,近年来受气候变化等因素的影响,东北地区粮食生产的不稳定性与风险性加大,积极响应气候变化对粮食生产的影响已成为稳定东北地区粮食生产的内在要求。本研究从东北地区气候变化特征出发,对主要粮食作物的生长发育、产量、种植制度与布局、粮食生产潜力等方面综合分析气候变化对东北地区粮食生产的影响。结果表明:(1)东北地区日照时数明显减少,降水量呈下降态势,气温显著升高。(2)东北地区旱涝灾害发生频率增加,病虫灾害累计发生面积增大,低温冷害事件明显减少。(3)气候变化改变东北地区主要粮食作物的生长发育,促进种植界限北移东扩,粮食生产潜力有明显提升但存在区域差异性,总体而言,气候变化有利于东北地区粮食生产。针对气候变化对东北地区粮食生产的综合影响,基于粮食产前、产中、产后视角,提出适应气候变化稳定东北地区粮食生产的响应策略,对于保障东北地区粮食安全具有重要意义。 相似文献
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There is increasing consensus that the effects of extreme weather conditions in the form of drought, flooding and extreme temperature will have increasingly devastating impacts on those who depend on climate‐sensitive resources and ecosystems for their livelihoods. The most affected will be the poor in developing countries who have a low adaptive capacity to climate change due to high poverty levels. Despite these projections, there are, to date, insufficient empirical studies linking the relationship between climate change and migration, particularly in the context of southern Africa. Using field‐based data collected from two study locations in Zambia, this paper examines the complex relationship between extreme weather events and population movement. It is envisaged that the findings presented in this paper will contribute to current discussions on the complex relationship between extreme weather conditions and population movement specifically in the context of sub‐Saharan Africa and other developing countries. 相似文献
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1999年我国主要气象灾害及异常气候事件 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1999年,我国先后出现了干旱、暴雨洪涝、台风、风雹、沙尘暴、雪灾和冻害等多种气象灾害,特别是干旱持续时间长、范围广,旱情重。除上述气象灾害外,本年度还出现了冬暖,夏凉、春寒、倒春寒、夏季高温和秋老虎等异常气候事件,本文主要是几种主要气旬灾害和异常气候事件的发生特点和影响进行了分析和评述。 相似文献
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《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(5):414-433
ABSTRACTThe paper updates normalisation of the Insurance Council of Australia’s Disaster List in the light of debate about the contribution of global warming to the rising cost of natural disasters. Normalisation estimates losses from historical events in a common year, here ‘season’ 2017 defined as the 12-month period from 1 July 2017. The number and nominal cost of new residential dwellings are key normalising factors and post-1974 improvements in construction standards in tropical cyclone-prone parts of the country are explicitly allowed for. 94% of the normalised losses arise from weather-related perils – bushfires, tropical cyclones, floods and severe storms – with the 1999 Sydney hailstorm the most costly single event (AUD5.6 billion). When aggregated by season, there is no trend in normalised losses from weather-related perils; in other words, after we normalise for changes we know to have taken place, no residual signal remains to be explained by changes in the occurrence of extreme weather events, regardless of cause. In sum, the rising cost of natural disasters is being driven by where and how we chose to live and with more people living in vulnerable locations with more to lose, natural disasters remain an important problem irrespective of a warming climate. 相似文献
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2004年主汛期我国强对流天气灾害统计特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用全国各省、市、县气象部门直接上报国家气象局的气象灾害数据,对全国各地2004年主汛期(6-8月)对流性天气造成的灾害分布特征和人员死亡情况进行了统计分析,结果表明,主汛期内强对流天气在全国31个省市都有发生,其中黄淮、江淮、江南、西南地区东部为强对流天气灾害死亡人数多发区,且在主汛期内,以7月份强对流天气发生频次最高;在年度所有气象灾害中,除了暴雨洪涝灾害造成人员死亡最多外,雷击事件造成的死亡人数占气象灾害死亡人数的第二位;各大城市均遭遇到强对流天气袭击,造成了严重的交通瘫痪,城市应急响应系统建设亟待加强。 相似文献
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基于人工影响天气的气象灾害减灾技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对全国人工影响天气的气象灾害减灾技术及人工增雨防雹成果进行了归纳总结。提出根据不同气象灾害的特点,采取有针对性的减灾技术措施,并对减灾效益进行评估。通过对近年来我国基于人工影响天气技术的人工增雨防雹等作业范围及其规模、主要作业技术及其与国外的差距、作业区的减灾效益等进行分析,指出我国人工影响天气减灾技术及应用体系有了很大发展,并为减轻气象灾害提供了科学依据。 相似文献