刍议污泥分类处置及其资源化再生利用技术

污泥中含有大量的氮氧化物、重金属和病菌元,直接排放将给环境造成严重的污染。如果对污泥进行有效的处理,可以将污泥转化为有机肥,成为植物的养分。当前由于我国的城镇污水处理厂污泥处理技术不完善,大量污泥没有得到有效的处理,不仅降低了污水处理厂的除污能力,浪费了大量资源,而且对环境造成严重的破坏,提高城市污水处理厂的污泥处理技术至关重要。阐述了污泥类别、国内外污泥处理技术处理现状以及污泥分类处置和资源化再生利用技术。     

污泥余热干化技术及其经济性分析

我国污水处理厂每年都会产生大量的污泥,其复杂的成分及高含水率制约污泥的有效利用,如何降低污泥的含水率是其资源化利用的关键.首先调研了污泥产生及成分,从污泥干化的典型工艺及设备、干化过程的环境污染与控制、污泥干化过程的尾气处理和污泥干化经济性分析4个方面对污泥干化技术进行阐述,指出污泥余热干化是污泥实现节能、经济及环保的有效处置方式.     

污水处理固体废弃物污泥的处置方法研究

从生活污水处理工艺出发介绍污泥产生的环节,探究污泥传统处置方法和资源化处置方法,同时对污泥源头减量化方法做了详细论述,最后分析了污泥处置成本的影响因素,对污泥环保处置提供参考与帮助。     

国外动态

改进污泥处理过程减少污泥量JWPCF,57[2],116(1985).污水处理厂污泥的处理一般采用重力增稠和厌氧消化,以稳定污泥和除臭.消化后的污泥就地堆放后倾入海中.在纽约,为了减少污泥体积,研究了多种技术,包括消化污泥的循环、倾析、淘洗-再增稠和     

锅炉烟气湿式净化技术研究

湿式除尘技术作为抑制我国以煤烟型为主大气污染的有效手段之一，已越来越多地得到应用。这类除尘设备具有除尘效率高、结构简单、价格低廉等特点，能处理非纤维性粉尘和高温、易燃、易爆气体，具有吸收有害气体作用。但由于存在管道、设备腐蚀严重，易积灰堵塞，污水和污泥排放造成二次污染、脱水效果差、阻力损失大、能耗大、运行费用高、占地面积大、脱硫效率低等问题限制了推广使用。     

用带式压滤机处理含油污泥

对中油集团锦州石化分公司污水处理场的含油污泥装置进行了改造，介绍了带式压滤机处理含油污泥的机理，特点及工艺流程，从装置近10个 月的运行效果看，生产运行指标，达到了设计要求，同时，带式压滤机处理含油污泥仍具有一些不足之处。     

国家发展改革委 住房城乡建设部 生态环境部 关于印发《污泥无害化处理和资源化利用实施方案》的通知(发改环资[2022]1453号)

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团发展改革委、住房城乡建设厅(建设局、建委)、生态环境厅:现将《污泥无害化处理和资源化利用实施方案》印发给你们,请认真贯彻落实。2022年9月22日污泥无害化处理和资源化利用实施方案附件1:实施污泥无害化处理,推进资源化利用,是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现减污降碳协同增效,建设美丽中国的重要举措。党的十八大以来,我国城镇生活污水收集处理取得显著成效,污泥无害化处理能力明显增强,但仍然存在“重水轻泥”问题,污泥处理设施建设总体滞后,无害化处理和资源化利用水平不高,甚至出现污泥违规处置和非法转移等违法行为。为深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想,认真落实经国务院同意的《关于推进污水资源化利用的指导意见》,提高污泥无害化处理和资源化利用水平,制定本方案。     

华能淮阴电厂废水排放与回用技术改造

1前言华能淮阴电厂一期工程装机容量为ZX200MW燃煤发电机组，两台机组分别于1993年11月和1994年8月相继投人运行。机组的冷却方式为直流冷却，部分辅机冷却水及其它用水均从循环水管中抽取，其中部分辅机冷却水直接人厂区雨水管网中排人废黄河，厂区工业废水和生活污水经水处理后直接排入雨水管网与辅机冷却水汇合后排人废黄河，冲灰渣水系统实行灰水闭路循环。在机组试运行期间，由于部分污水处理设施因设计和设备质量等问题造成处理后的工业污水和生活污水排放水质严重超标，整个雨水排放口出口水质达不到《污水综合排放标准》中的一级…     

污水污泥的热解处理

污水污泥的处理已成为令人关注的问题,传统的处理方法有许多不尽人意的地方.热解处理污泥是近年新发展的技术,其优点和可操作性受到许多研究者的关注.介绍了热解法的发展和需要解决的问题,特别介绍了国内研究较少的污泥热解的高温阶段.     

超声波处理石化厂剩余活性污泥

采用超声波处理石化污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥。介绍了超声波对污泥的作用机理，初步研究了超声波处理污泥的影响因素。大功率超声波可以降解生物污泥，释放出其中的有机物。小功率超声波能够改善污泥的膨胀特性、提高污泥沉淀特性和脱水能力、降低污泥的含水率，达到减量的目的。经超声波处理并简单过滤的污泥滤液，COD达到4200mg／L左右，污泥含水率由94％降至85％左右。     

Study of the evaporation process of saline waste from the tanning industry.

The second and third steps of wastewater treatment in the tanning industry generate sludges that are rich in salts, organic matter and suspended solids. Since these are formally catalogued as industrial wastes by environmental legislation, they cannot be disposed of directly but need a final treatment. One of the problems with these wastes is their high water content, which has to be reduced. In the particular case of the concentrated streams from the secondary and tertiary treatment steps, the sludges are first concentrated by evaporation, and the evaporated water is used in other parts of the plant. This study, which preceded evaporator design, analysed the evaporation process (laboratory scale) of a saline residue produced in the reverse osmosis step of the treatment of tanning wastewaters by the company Aquagest Levante, S.A. in Lorca (Murcia, Spain), to ascertain its behaviour in the evaporation process and the evolution of its physical properties. The study served to determine the exact mineralogy and ionic composition as well as the characteristics of the waste in question. This information was used in the last step of the design of the evaporation equipment.     

Effect of water washing on the thermal behavior of rice straw

Rice straw can be used as a renewable fuel for heat and power generation. It is a viable mean of replacing fossil fuels and preventing pollution caused by open burning, especially in the areas where this residual biomass is generated. Nevertheless, the thermal conversion of rice straw can cause some operating problems such as slag formation, which negatively affects thermal conversion systems. So, the main objective of this research is studying the combustion behavior of rice straw samples collected from various regions by applying thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the thermal behavior of ashes from rice straw was also analyzed in order to detect their melting points, and ash sintering was detected at different temperatures within the range between 550 and 1000 °C. Since washing rice straw with water could reduce the content of undesirable inorganic compounds related to the ash fusibility, samples of washed rice straw were analyzed under combustion conditions to investigate its differences regarding the thermal behavior of rice straw. The results showed that rice straw washing led to a significant improvement in its thermal behavior, since it reduced the ash contents and sintering formation.     

纳滤膜在工业废水和液体物料处理中的应用

纳滤膜能截留低分子量有机溶质而让盐类组分部分或全部透过，能在较宽的ｐＨ范围内及高温下保持稳定，并能耐多种有机溶剂，可用于液体物料中有效成分的浓缩、工业废水的处理及循环利用，减少对环境的污染。     

工业含钒废水处理工艺的研究进展

针对大量企业采用传统提钒法制备钒产品产生的工业含钒废水的处理问题,综述了工业含钒废水处理工艺的研究进展,分别详述了沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法、电解法、吸附法和生物法的处理工艺,并对比分析了它们的优势与不足。指出:工业含钒废水的处理既是环保的要求,又可实现有价资源的回收利用;在实际应用时,可依据工业含钒废水的p H选择相应的处理工艺及处理试剂。     

Towards a cleaner production in developing countries: a case study in a Chilean tannery.

A Chilean leather tanning industry (tannery) was studied in terms of input/output (I/O) analysis of beamhouse, tanyard and retanning processes. The physical-chemical characterization of 19 streams were investigated. Streams from the beamhouse process and some streams from the retanning process were found to have high organic contents ranging from 2.5 to 18.1 g COD L(-1). The pH ranged between 3.45 and 12.28. Sulphur was found in most of the streams whereas chromium was detected in two wastewaters from the tanyard and in seven streams from the retanning process. Pollution prevention opportunities were evaluated and an appropriate treatment strategy was proposed. The main emphasis was on determining waste reduction measures that can be easily implemented and are not particularly expensive. Measures for reduction at source were proposed to reduce water and chemicals consumption and wastewater pollution. A so-called S(index) strategy was used to evaluate proposals on segregation and specific treatment of the main chromium- and sulphur-containing wastewaters. It was suggested that some streams may be re-used, but it is necessary to apply anaerobic or aerobic treatment first, depending on their organic load. Solid wastes were also evaluated and a proposal for their reduction and disposal was made.     

Particulate and gaseous emissions during fluidized bed combustion of semi-dried sewage sludge: Effect of bed ash accumulation on NOx formation

Combustion of two semi-dried sewage sludges in a 110 mm has been characterized in terms of particulate and gaseous emissions. Sludges differed in that they had been conditioned – at the flocculation stage of wastewater treatment – either with Ca-based inorganics or with polyelectrolytes. Combustion was efficient for both sewage sludges under all the operating conditions tested. Significant differences have instead been observed between the two types of sewage sludges as regards particulate and macro-pollutant gaseous emissions (SO₂, NO_x). NO_x formation is significantly influenced by ash accumulation inside the bed only when sewage sludge conditioned with Ca-based inorganics is fired. The time-resolved profiles of NO_x concentration and the mass flow rate of the elutriated fines have been worked out to evaluate the fuel nitrogen yield to NO_x as a function of ash accumulated inside the bed divided by the air mass feed rate. Experimental results have been compared with data present in literature.     

Translocation and Growth Experiments with the Macropohyte Potamogeton Lucens L. in Traunsee (Austria), with Respect to Industrial Tailings

The absence of Potamogeton lucens L. in an area of Traunsee, Austria, which is heavily impacted by industrial sludges was related to these deposits. The hypothesis that P. lucens L. is affected by the industrial tailings was confirmed by growth experiments of the translocated plants in the field. At the unpolluted reference site of the lake, the plants grew better, they were longer and produced more leaves than at the emission site.     

Optimization of co-digestion of various industrial sludges for biogas production and sludge treatment: Methane production potential experiments and modeling

Optimal biogas production and sludge treatment were studied by co-digestion experiments and modeling using five different wastewater sludges generated from paper, chemical, petrochemical, automobile, and food processing industries situated in Ulsan Industrial Complex, Ulsan, South Korea. The biomethane production potential test was conducted in simplex-centroid mixture design, fitted to regression equation, and some optimal co-digestion scenarios were given by combined desirability function based multi-objective optimization technique for both methane yield and the quantity of sludge digested. The co-digestion model incorporating main and interaction effects among sludges were utilized to predict the maximum possible methane yield. The optimization routine for methane production with different industrial sludges in batches were repeated with the left-over sludge of earlier cycle, till all sludges have been completely treated. Among the possible scenarios, a maximum methane yield of 1161.53 m³ is anticipated in three batches followed by 1130.33 m³ and 1045.65 m³ in five and two batches, respectively. This study shows a scientific approach to find a practical solution to utilize diverse industrial sludges in both treatment and biogas production perspectives.     

碱性和弱酸性染料混合废水处理方法

采用“中和－氯氧化－电化学反应－催化氧化”组合工艺处理碱性、弱酸性染料混合废水,可使混合废水的ＣＯＤ由１４５６０ｍｇ／Ｌ降至２１５ｍｇ／Ｌ,色度由５０００倍降至１０倍以下。试验结果表明,不同染料废水混合后可发生沉淀效应,若组合得当,可使染普废得到很大程度的净化;ＣｌＯ２对某些染料废水具有良好的去除ＣＯＤ和脱色作用。