乳状液膜法分离模拟费托反应水精馏塔底液中的醋酸

采用乳状液膜法分离模拟费托反应水精馏塔底液中的醋酸。以Span-80为表面活性剂、环己烷为膜溶剂、石蜡为膜增强剂、NaOH溶液为膜内相制备乳状液膜。实验结果表明,在V(Span-80)∶V(环己烷)=0.03、油内比(乳状液膜的油相与膜内相的体积比)为2.0、乳水比(乳液体积与醋酸水溶液体积之比)为1.0、膜内相NaOH质量分数为3%的最佳条件下,反应12min后醋酸的萃取率可达99%以上,萃余液中醋酸质量分数小于0.01%。     

用废腈纶制备高分子增稠剂

以废腈纶为原料，经碱法水解反应和扩链反应制取乳液用高分子增稠剂。水解工艺条件为水解温度95℃，水解时间4h；水解配方为m(PAN)：m(NaOH)：m(H2O)=1：0．6：5；扩链反应温度95℃，扩链反应时间约4h。对不同乳液体系进行的增稠性能评价及应用表明，利用该技术制备出的高分子增稠剂性能优良，应用范围广泛。现已建成一套生产能力为1000t/a的工业装置。     

双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在水相中的吸附性能

以双酚A (BPA)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,沉淀聚合法制备了BPA的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs).聚合物在BPA超纯水溶液中的吸附实验结果表明,MIPs对BPA的吸附量和吸附速率大于非印迹聚合物.通过Scatchard分析,MIPs对BPA的最大表观吸附...     

乳状液膜法处理煤制兰炭废水

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体、煤油为膜溶剂、NaOH水溶液为内水相，采用乳状液膜法处理兰炭废水。实验结果表明:当TBP体积分数为4%、表面活性剂质量分数为4%、内水相NaOH质量分数为12%、油内比(乳状液的油相与内水相的体积比)为3∶2、乳水比为1∶5、萃取时间为15min时，废水中的酚类(以苯酚计)去除率达到85%以上，COD去除率达83%以上。     

丙烯腈生产废水中聚合物的资源化利用

以丙烯腈生产废水中的丙烯腈低聚物为原料制备聚丙烯酰胺。通过正交实验考察了水解反应条件和交联反应条件对反应的影响。FTIR表征结果显示,丙烯腈低聚物中的氰基已完全水解为酰胺基,产物聚丙烯酰胺中含有酰胺基和羧基。实验结果表明,在自来水加入量100 m L、水解反应温度95℃、m(Na OH)∶m(丙烯腈低聚物)=2.0、水解反应时间3 h的最佳水解反应条件,交联反应温度60℃、质量分数37%~40%的甲醛加入量6 m L、交联反应时间2 h的最佳交联反应条件下,处理20 g丙烯腈低聚物,可得到产物聚丙烯酰胺14.50 g,聚丙烯酰胺的水解度为21.1%、相对分子质量为2.7×106。产品性能满足Q/SH 0046—2007《钻井液用聚丙烯酰胺技术要求》中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的性能要求。     

循环式超声强化光催化降解双酚A

设计了一种循环式超声强化光催化反应器，以TiO2作为光催化剂，研究了超声功率、TiO2加入量、循环液流速和空气流量对双酚A(BPA)降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:超声与光催化过程在循环式超声强化光催化反应器中实现了较好的协同效应;在初始BPA质量浓度为20.0mg/L、超声功率为600W、TiO2加入量为7g/L、循环液流速为4.05×10-2m/s、空气流量为200mL/min的条件下，反应150min后，BPA降解率可达90.5%，溶液中剩余BPA质量浓度仅为1.8mg/L，反应240min后TOC去除率可达84.5%。     

Preparation of Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier from Cyclohexanone Wastewater

以环己酮生产废水(以下简称废水)为溶剂,以木质素、三乙烯四胺及甲醛为原料,通过Mannich反应制备了阳离子沥青乳化剂木质素胺.实验结果表明,制备木质素胺的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,反应时间5h,n(甲醛)∶n(三乙烯四胺)=3.0.经FTIR表征,以废水为溶剂和以去离子水为溶剂所制备的木质素胺结构相同.以实验制备的木质素胺为乳化剂制成的乳化沥青的性能指标达到JTG E20-2011《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》的指标.     

淀粉废水水解酸化处理中的酶比活变化特性

以淀粉废水水解酸化处理系统中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脱氢酶为研究对象,考察了在无机离子、营养元素、pH等条件作用下的酶比活变化规律.实验结果表明:Mg2+和Co2+对酶比活有显著影响,MgCl2·6H2O加入量为30 mg/L时蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脱氖酶的比活分别是空白的5.6倍、1.6倍、1.5倍,COD去除率提高17.6%;而CoCl2·6H2O加入量为10 mg/L时,蛋白酶和淀粉酶的比活较单独投加30 mg/L的MgCl2·6H2O时分别下降了80.6%和42.5%,脱氢酶比活却提高了13.2%;以NH4Cl与CO(NH2)2作为混合N源(m(NH4Cl):m(CO(NH2)2)=1:2)时蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脱氢酶的比活分别是单独以CO(NH2)2为N源时的3.0倍、1.4倍、1.8倍,COD去除率提高了11.8%;中性偏碱性条件较利于酶促反应的进行.     

高氯离子、低COD废水中COD的测定

建立了适用于高氯离子、低COD废水中COD的重铬酸钾测定方法。分别采用甘油、二氯丙醇、β,β′-二氯异丙醚和氯化钙配制模拟高氯废水,考察了氧化剂重铬酸钾溶液浓度、掩蔽剂加入量(以m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)表示)对测定效果的影响。实验结果表明:以低浓度(0.05 mol/L)重铬酸钾溶液为氧化剂时,测定数据波动范围小,相对误差也低(-1.4%~+0.4%);对于高氯低COD废水的COD测定,当COD大于100 mg/L时按m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)=10∶1加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂,当COD小于100 mg/L时按m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)=20∶1加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂,并采用浓度为0.05 mol/L的重铬酸钾溶液作为氧化剂,能较好地消除氯离子对COD测定的干扰,相对误差在5%以内;将优化后的测定条件应用于实际环氧氯丙烷生产废水COD的测定,重现性良好,当m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl-)分别为10∶1和20∶1时,相对误差分别为+3.3%和+2.9%,COD平均回收率分别为103.4%和102.9%。     

NaOH强化催化湿式氧化处理制药污泥

采用NaOH强化催化湿式氧化的方法处理制药污泥,考察了各工艺条件对污泥VSS去除率和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在NaOH加入量10 g/L、反应温度260 ℃、初始氧气压力1.0 MPa、反应时间60 min的最佳工艺条件下,污泥VSS去除率和 COD去除率分别达到95%和60%,VSS去除率较高,污泥减量化效果显著。NaOH强化催化湿式氧化反应处理制药污泥的机理是氢氧根在高温条件下促进了微生物细胞的水解,促使污泥固体组分分解转移到液相中,最终有机物被降解为小分子有机物、CO₂和水。     

Methanolysis and Hydrolysis of Polycarbonate Under Moderate Conditions

Alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) in a solvent in which PC can substantially dissolve such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and so on were studied. Reaction conditions were optimized for the purpose of recycling PC in the form of bisphenol A and carbon carbonate. The results showed that both the methanolysis and hydrolysis of PC could take place under moderate conditions. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 40 °C, m(PC):m(MeOH) = 1:1, m(PC):m(NaOH) = 50:1, reaction time 35 min and using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, the methanolysis conversion of PC was almost 100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 95%. Moreover, under the conditions of reaction temperature 100 °C, m(PC):m(H₂O) = 1:0.7, m(PC):m(NaOH) = 10:1, reaction time 8 h and using 1,4-dioxane as solvent, the hydrolysis conversion of PC was almost 100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 94%.     

Chemical recycling of polycarbonate in dilute aqueous ammonia solution under hydrothermal conditions

Polycarbonate (PC) pellets were subjected to dilute aqueous ammonia solution under hydrothermal conditions in a semi-batch reactor at temperatures ranging from 433 to 463 K and at a pressure of 10 MPa. The PC pellets were almost completely converted to bisphenol A (BPA). During an initial certain period, referred to as an induction time, neither BPA nor total organic carbon in solution were detected, and the BPA yield increased with time. The monomer yield was well represented by a surface reaction model, two-thirds-order reaction with respect to the mass of unreacted PC. The overall rate constant of the reaction in 0.6 mol/kg aqueous ammonia solution at 433 K was about 15 times greater than that in 0.6 mol/kg NaOH solution. The rate constant at 433 K was proportional to the ammonia or NaOH concentration. There was a correlation between the induction time and temperature, as well as the ammonia or NaOH concentration. By carrying out the reaction in aqueous mixtures of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NaOH at various concentrations of NaOH, ammonia was confirmed not to function as an alkaline reagent, but as a nucleophile reagent.     

Viable chemical recycling of poly(carbonate) as a phosgene equivalent illustrated by the coproduction of bisphenol A and carbohydrate carbonates

Chemical recycling of waste poly(carbonate) (PC) to coproduce bisphenol A (BPA) and carbohydrate carbonates was studied by selecting glycerol (Gly) and glucose (Glu) as model carbohydrates (CHs). In advance of the reaction of PC with CHs, reactions with diphenyl carbonate were examined as a model PC. In dioxane at 100°C using NaOH as catalyst, Gly was converted to cyclic carbonate hydroxymethyldioxolane (HMDO) at 98% and Glu was converted to the dicarbonate (Glu-DC) at 46%, in pyridine, in addition to the production of phenol. Similar treatment of PC with Gly using KOH as a catalyst produced HMDO and BPA at very high yields and treatment with Glu produced Glu-DC and BPA in 38%–42% yields. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

超声波协同催化氧化法脱除废旧轮胎热裂解油中的硫

采用超声波氧化与催化氧化脱硫技术相结合,脱除废旧轮胎热裂解油中的硫,对脱硫工艺进行了研究.最佳操作条件为:超声波声强0.25 W/cm~2,超声时间10 min,V(H_2O_2)∶V(油)=0.04,V(CH_3COOH)∶V(H_2O_2)＝0.5,V(FeSO_4·7H_2O) ∶ V(H_2O_2)＝0.15.在上述最佳操作条件下,进行4次脱硫,可使热裂解油中硫质量分数降至0.21%,脱硫率达到72%.     

酸渣制备无水硫酸钠

采用炼油厂酸渣经水稀释后,添加含钠化合物进行中和反应,制备无水Na_2SO_4.最佳工艺条件为:将酸渣用水稀释20倍,按n(Na_2CO_3):n(SO_4~(2-))=1.10或n(NaOH):n(SO_4~(2-))=1.20的比例加入Na_2CO_3,溶液或NaOH溶液,油水分离去除油相后蒸发、干燥,在650℃下灼烧后溶解、过滤、蒸发、结晶,得到Na_2SO_4产品.NaCO_3法可将酸渣中约78%的SO_4~(2-)转化到产品Na_2SO_4中;NaOH法可将酸渣中约66%的SO_4~(2-)转化到产品Na_2SO_4中.制备的无水Na_2SO_4产品均达到GB/T6009-2003<工业无水硫酸钠>二类标准.     

用电解锰阳极泥和含SO_2工业尾气制备硫酸锰

以电解锰阳极泥与电解锌生产中产生的含SO_2尾气为原料,经过反应、浸出、浸出液两次净化和浓缩结晶制备硫酸锰,考察了反应时间、含SO_2尾气的流量及反应温度对Mn~(4+)转化率的影响.实验结果表明:在反应时间45 min、反应温度20～30 ℃、含SO_2尾气流量16 L/min的条件下,Mn~(4+)转化率达90%以上;尾气中SO_2利用率随尾气流量增加而降低;所得MnSO_4·H_2O产品质量达到GB1622-86<工业级硫酸锰标准>.     

N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其H_2O_2改性的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用水解沉淀法制备了N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂和H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂.实验表明,H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的最佳制备条件为:氨水(质量分数28%)加入量20 mL,焙烧温度500 ℃,H_2O_2(质量分数30%)加入量2.0 mL.日光下,N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂及H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂在反应90 min时的活性红紫去除率达99%,它们对活性红紫的去除率远高于P_(25)TiO_2光催化剂.H_2O_2改性的N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂中N质量分数比改性前明显提高,制备的两种催化剂中不仅含有N元素,同时还含有C和H元素.     

日光辐照H_2O_2-草酸铁氧化法处理棉浆粕废水

采用日光辐照H_2O_2-草酸铁氧化法处理棉浆粕废水.最佳工艺条件为:正午日光辐照10 min,废水pH5.00,废水体积150 mL,H_2O_2加入量2.0 mL,Fe_SO_4·7H_2O加入量0.600 0 g,K_2C_2O_4·H_2O加入量0.290 9 g.在此条件下COD由初始时的3 200 mg/L降至608 mg/L,COD去除率可达81.0%.采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对处理前后的废水进行分析,实验结果表明该法可有效去除废水中大部分有机污染物.