太原化肥厂废水处理初步设计简介

太原化肥厂即将新建的合成氨车间(合成氨是采用新工艺,以煤为原料,加压气化而成),排放废水量为15吨/时左右,废水中主要含有毒物质氰、酚等。必须经过处理,方能排放。该厂原有焦化车间排放的废水25吨/时左右,未经处理就     

油脂加工废水的治理

油脂加工废水的治理我国的油脂加工业起步较晚，但随着人民生活水平的提高，近年来发展很快。在油脂加工过程中，碱中和及水洗工序产生大量含脂肪酸盐、含油的碱性废水，如让其直接排放，将造成环境污染。我厂采用破乳分离的方法处理这股废水，取得了较好的效果。１废水来...     

合成洗涤剂生产废水处理技术

采用混凝法对高浓度合成洗涤剂生产废水进行预处理,去除废水中大量的SS、油脂类物质及表面活性剂,出水与其他低浓度废水混合进行生物氧化处理。试验结果表明,混凝气浮法对COD、SS及油脂类物质去除效果明显,COD去除率为35％－56％;在废水含盐量较高的情况下,生物氧化法仍有较高的处理效率,COD去除率达到70％－95％。     

采用微孔过滤—电气浮法处理漂油废水及高浓度有机废水

本文介绍了采用微孔过滤-电气浮法处理漂油废水及高浓度有机废水的基本原理,工艺条件的选择及工艺过程。处理后出水水质清澈透明,无异味,COD、重金属离子、油脂、悬浮物等的含量可达标排放。     

微生物法处理己内酰胺生产废水

鹰山石油化工厂年产已内酰胺 5 0kt。该项目成套引进荷兰HPO法生产技术 ,工艺先进、产生的废水量不大 ,但废水成分复杂、毒性物质含量高。来自环己酮车间、己内酰胺车间、羟胺车间、硫胺车间的废水、碱液、冲洗废水、油相和水相排出物 (即己内酰胺生产废水 ) ,总排放量为 115 8 9t/d。废水中所含有机物种类繁多 ,主要为环己酮、环己烷、环己醇、苯、有机酸、己内酰胺、环己酮肟等 ,此外还含有氨氮、镍等 ,其COD平均为 10 0 0mg/L以上、BOD为 5 0 0～ 70 0mg/L、NH3 N质量浓度为 5 0～ 10 0mg/L ,是目前石油化学工业领域难以处理的生产…     

油脂精炼废水的综合治理

油脂是制漆生产的主要原料之一。就目前市场供应的毛油而言 ,其中都含有较高的酸价和较深的色泽 ,因此在用于制漆之前需对油脂进行精练。在现行的油脂精炼工艺中 ,炼油工段废水产生量最大。为提高油脂的收率 ,减少炼油废水的排放 ,我们对现行的炼油废水处理工艺进行了改进。一年多的生产实践证明 ,炼油废水先酸化、后絮凝沉淀、再静置分离回收油脂的处理工艺 ,理论上是科学的 ,技术上也是可行的。该工艺不但减少了炼油废水的排放量 ,而且废水COD的去除率在 6 0 %以上 ,SS去除率在70 %以上 ,油脂回收率在 90 %左右。经过回收油脂后的废水再…     

合肥化肥厂采用电磁防垢技术处理三股污水

合肥化肥厂是一年产2.5万吨合成氨、4万吨纯碱的化工企业。为了更好地保护环境,保护巢湖水源,该厂投资250万元,将原单一处理造气废水的设施改为处理造气、热电锅炉、煤球车间石灰窑三股同性质废水的设施(易地集中处理),日处理能力为1.68万米~3。此工程采用了电磁防垢、斜板沉淀等先进合理的废水处理技术,工艺流程如下:造气车间炉气洗涤塔废水(500米~3/小时)、动力车间锅炉水膜除尘     

制药废水有机污染物特性分析与处理

分析了某制药企业废水生物处理站进出水中有机污染物的相对分子质量分布和气相色谱—质谱图谱,提出了根据废水水质特性有针对性地确定制药废水处理工艺的新思路.实验结果表明:进出水中的有机污染物主要是相对分子质量小于1 000的物质,且主要来源于车间5排放的COD比重大、水量小的工段废水；采用旋转蒸馏预处理法处理车间5废水,可使...     

好气法处理脂肪酸、醇、酯、胺等有机废水

大连油脂化学厂生产合成脂肪酸、醇、酯、胺等产品,每天约有高浓度有机废水1000吨左右,主要含有一些低碳的有机酸、醇、醛、酮、酯等,COD 一般在20,000毫克/升左右。为了处理这些废水,采用了好气生物氧化的处理方法。经过两年的反复试验,不仅培养出适应本厂废水生化处理的活性     

对废水处理率统计的探讨

从生产车间或设备排出的废水,可分达标和不达标两类。达标废水中,一种是不经处理就直接外排的废水,其水量为Q_1(Q_1′为循环使用部分);另一种是达标废水,在排放前为了对其进行回收或利用,设置了处理设备,经处理后一部分循环回用,其水量为Q_2,一部分外排,其水量为Q_3(Q_3′为循环     

Anaerobic digestion potential of urban organic waste: a case study in Malm?.

A study of existing organic waste types in Malm?, Sweden was performed. The purpose was to gather information about organic waste types in the city to be able to estimate the potential for anaerobic treatment in existing digesters at the wastewater treatment plan (WWTP). The urban organic waste types that could have a significant potential for anaerobic digestion amount to about 50 000 tonnes year(-1) (sludge excluded). Some of the waste types were further evaluated by methane potential tests and continuous pilot-scale digestion. Single-substrate digestion and co-digestion of pre-treated, source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste, wastewater sludge, sludge from grease traps and fruit and vegetable waste were carried out. The experiments showed that codigestion of grease sludge and WWTP sludge was a better way of making use of the methane potential in the grease trap sludge than single-substrate digestion. Another way of increasing the methane production in sludge digesters is to add source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (SSOFMSW). Adding SSOFMSW (20% of the total volatile solids) gave a 10-15% higher yield than could be expected by comparison with separate digestion of sludge respective SSOFMSW. Co-digestion of sludge and organic waste is beneficial not just for increasing gas production but also for stabilizing the digestion process. This was seen when co-digesting fruit and vegetable waste and sludge. When co-digested with sludge, this waste gave a better result than the separate digestion of fruit and vegetable waste. Considering single-substrate digestion, SSOFMSW is the only waste in the study which makes up a sufficient quantity to be suitable as the base substrate in a full-scale digester that is separated from the sludge digestion. The two types of SSOFMSW tested in the pilot-scale digestion were operated successfully at mesophilic temperature. By adding SSOFMSW, grease trap sludge and fruit and vegetables waste to sludge digesters at the wastewater treatment plant, the yearly energy production from methane could be expected to increase from 24 to 43 GWh.     

燃煤电厂脱硫废水的零排放处理技术

采用化学沉淀—混凝—软化工艺对江苏某燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫废水进行物化法预处理,预处理后的废水再进行蒸发结晶,回收工业盐及冷凝水,最终实现了电厂脱硫废水的零排放。实验结果表明:在化学沉淀p H为9、混凝剂聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)加入量为2.5 m L/L、絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)加入量为2.0 m L/L的条件下,废水浊度可降至4.13 NTU,废水中的重金属、氟离子以及悬浮物被有效去除,预处理后废水的水质可达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》;蒸发结晶处理得到的工业盐和冷凝水分别符合GB/T 5462—2003《工业盐》的国家精制工业盐二级标准和GB 1576—2008《工业锅炉水质》的给水标准;脱硫废水的工业盐产率量为30 g/L。     

二级处理后的城市污水用作电厂冷却水若干问题的探讨

介绍了二级处理后的城市污水（TSE）用作电厂开式循环冷却水时，由于城市污水中氨氮、微生物及菌类含量较高，可能给循环水系统带来的危害，并探讨了危害产生的原因及控制措施。     

成品油库污水处理装置提标改造

针对成品油库污水排放量不规律,水中难降解有机物和石油类含量高的问题,采用"预处理+生化处理+深度处理"三级处理工艺对油库原污水处理装置进行改造。改造后,预处理单元包括调节池、四级隔油池和溶气气浮机,将原一级隔油池改造为调节池,有效解决了油库短时间大量排水对隔油池的冲击;生化处理单元包括水解酸化池和内循环三相生物塔,在提高污水可生化性的基础上利用新型高效好氧污水处理装置对水中有机污染物进行有效去除;深度处理单元利用臭氧催化氧化塔和内循环曝气生物滤池对生化处理单元难以去除的有机污染物进行处理。经该组合工艺处理后,水中COD和石油类去除率分别达到97.5%和96.0%,处理出水各项指标均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级排放标准。     

Centrifugal dewatering of blended sludge from drinking water treatment plant and wastewater treatment plant

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The blended sludge taken from drinking water treatment plant (WTP) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for centrifugal dewatering was proposed....     

Using Chitosan as a Coagulant in Recovery of Organic Matters from the Mash and Lauter Wastewater of Brewery

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer which can be used to replace aluminum salts and chemical polymers as a coagulant to avoid the human health problems caused by the residual of aluminum and chemical polymers in water. Chitin is a major component in shrimp and crab shells, and chitosan can be produced from chitin via a deacetylated process. Since the biodegradation of chitin is very slow, large amount of discards from the processing of crustaceans has become a major concern in seafood industry. Therefore, more works are need to find the possible applications of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives. This research used chitosan as a coagulant to recover wheat dregs in the wastewater from washing the mash and the lauter unit in a brewery, and regards this study as an example to understand the influences of the characters of the wastewater on the treatment plant of brewery. The result shows that the␣wastewater from the mash and the lauter units can have the best treatment efficiency at the coagulant dosage of 120 mg/L in the original pH 4.5. Increasing the solution pH decreased the turbidity removal efficiency. The dominant mechanisms for chitosan to remove colloids in the␣wastewater are charge bridging and neutralization, and the later becomes less significant in␣the high pH. The coagulant of chitosan removed most of the colloidal form organic matter in the wastewater, but it has only little effect on the removal of dissolving organic matter. Chitosan is a natural material, after coagulation the sludge from the mash and lauter wastewater can serve directly as an animal husbandry fodder after been dehydrated. Therefore, the loading to wastewater treatment plant and the cost of treatment could be reduced.     

Recycling of biodiesel fuel wastewater for use as a liquid fertilizer for hydroponics

Wastewater is discharged during washing processes in the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) using alkaline catalysts. It can be recycled as a liquid fertilizer for hydroponics by adding essential components for plant growth. The effects of the liquid fertilizer on plant growth were investigated. Liquid fertilizer containing a smaller amount of the BDF wastewater had a similar effect on plant growth as the standard nutrient solutions. This result reveals that BDF wastewater can be recycled for use as a liquid fertilizer for hydroponics. However, fertilizer with a larger amount of the BDF wastewater showed poor and varied plant growth due to the growth of microorganisms in the contaminated wastewater. Hence, when BDF wastewater becomes contaminated during storage, sterilization is necessary to recycle it as a liquid fertilizer. Moreover, contamination during storage should be avoided for successful recycling.     

缺氧—好氧—催化臭氧氧化工艺处理石化厂含盐废水

采用缺氧—好氧—催化臭氧氧化工艺处理某石化厂的含盐废水。实验结果表明：在进水COD为200~350 mg/L的条件下,经生化处理后的出水COD稳定在50~60 mg/L,COD去除率稳定在75%左右;在臭氧投加量为4.5 g/L、V（催化剂Ⅱ）∶V（废水）=1.5∶1的条件下,进行连续催化臭氧氧化后出水COD稳定在20 mg/L以下,COD去除率大于70%,满足DB 61/224—2011《黄河流域（陕西段）污水综合排放标准》。表征结果显示,催化剂表面含有铜元素,比表面积为250.815 m²/g,吸水率为60.9%,经过滤可去除废水中残留的催化剂。     

压水堆电厂硼酸脱除技术研究进展

对压水堆电厂含硼酸废水的来源和特点进行了分析,讨论了化学沉淀法、离子交换法、膜分离法等硼酸脱除技术的原理和优缺点,在对各种方法进综合比较的基础上,展望了压水堆电厂硼酸脱除技术的发展趋势.     

Organically modified clay removes oil from water

When bentonite or other clays and zeolites are modified with quaternary amines, they become organophilic. Such modified bentonites are used to remove mechanically emulsified oil and grease, and other sparingly soluble organics. If the organoclay is granulated, it is placed into a liquid phase carbon filter vessel to remove FOGs (Free Oil and Grease) and chlorinated hydrocarbons. In this application the clay is mixed with anthrazite to prevent early plugging of the filter by oil or grease droplets. In batch systems a powdered organoclay is employed. Organoclay removes mechanically emulsified oil and grease at 5–7 times the rate of activated carbon, or 50% of its dry weight. Oil and grease and other large sparingly soluble chlorinated hydrocarbons and NOMs (Natural Organic Matter) blind the pores of activated carbon (and ion-exchange resins), reducing its effectiveness significantly. It is therefore economically advantageous for the end user to prepolish the water before it enters carbon vessels. Operating costs can often be reduced by 50% or more.