城市污水二级处理出水直接回用作工业循环冷却水铜管腐蚀研究

采用静态挂片法及动态模拟试验研究了将城市污水处理厂二级出水直接回用作工业循环冷却水,对污水中的氨氮、Cl-等组分及COD等对铜材的腐蚀影响.     

刍议污泥分类处置及其资源化再生利用技术

污泥中含有大量的氮氧化物、重金属和病菌元,直接排放将给环境造成严重的污染。如果对污泥进行有效的处理,可以将污泥转化为有机肥,成为植物的养分。当前由于我国的城镇污水处理厂污泥处理技术不完善,大量污泥没有得到有效的处理,不仅降低了污水处理厂的除污能力,浪费了大量资源,而且对环境造成严重的破坏,提高城市污水处理厂的污泥处理技术至关重要。阐述了污泥类别、国内外污泥处理技术处理现状以及污泥分类处置和资源化再生利用技术。     

一种同步厌氧脱氮除硫工艺

该发明公开了一种同步厌氧脱氮除硫工艺。该法以城市污水处理厂的厌氧消化污泥或含硫酸盐有机废水处理厂的厌氧活性污泥作为接种物，以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体，将硫化物氧化成单质硫，同时，于同一反应器中将亚硝酸盐还原成氮气。     

浅析污水集中处理后的环境监督管理

现行《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》规定城市污水集中处理，污水处理厂实行有偿服务；向污水处理厂排污并缴纳污水处理费用的，不再缴纳排污费。这一规定直接关系到我国环保法律法规关于排污收费和“三同时”的规定。为了保证污染防治责任的落实，同时减轻企业的负担，建议由排污者与污水处理厂签定书面污水处理合同，由环保部门对合同进行审批，并将其作为改变排污收费和“三同时”管理的依据；污水处理厂则可视为独立污染源进行管理。     

污泥用于生态恢复获突破

由南京市环保科学研究院承担的城市污水处理厂污泥用于宕口生态恢复示范项目，日前通过该市科技局和环保局联合组织的成果鉴定。专家认为，此项目开创了我国污水处理厂污泥资源化应用及矿山废弃．地宕口生态修复的全新模式。     

倒置A2/O工艺氮平衡与脱氮效率的分析

研究了倒置A^2／O工艺中的氮平衡和脱氮效率，并对影响脱氮效率的回流比和碳氮质量比进行分析。根据广州某城市污水处理厂水质特点，设计总回流比为3．0，其中污泥回流比为1．0，混合液回流比为2．0，理论总氮去除率为78．75％，实际运行总氮去除率达64．42％。     

泥质活性炭在污水处理中的应用

探索了泥质活性炭用于污水处理的效果。以污水处理厂污泥为原料制备的泥质活性炭用于城市污水处理厂污水的处理,探索了泥质活性炭的投加量、吸附时间、溶液p H值等影响因素对污水COD,TN及TP去除率的影响规律。结果表明,对于污水处理厂初沉池出水,泥质活性炭投加量为15 g/L、吸附时间30 min、酸性条件下,污水TN去除率可达70%,在中性条件下COD去除率可达95%;投加量15 g/L、中性条件下,吸附时间5 min时,TP去除率可达96%,其出水的各项指标均满足GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中一级A标准。由于泥质活性炭用料廉价,不仅解决了污水处理厂污泥处置问题,还可用于污水的处理,具有良好的应用前景。     

针织厂漂染废水的治理

针织厂漂染废水的治理厦门针织厂属国有小型企业,漂染废水的排放量为５００～７００ｍ３／ｄ。废水采用混凝气浮法处理,出水排入城市污水处理厂进行二级处理。该厂漂染废水处理设施于１９８９年１２月建成。废水处理设备安置在楼内,其中调节池、中间池和水泵皆设置在地...     

新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合在城市污水回用中的应用

针对城市污水处理厂二级出水回用作循环冷却水补充水的工艺，采用新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合进行了动态试验。加入药剂后腐蚀速率为0.00087g/（m^2·h）和0.00116g/（m^2·h），缓蚀率在80%左右，表明该药剂能较好地控制铜管腐蚀。     

微波再生泥质活性炭的研究

研究了微波再生泥质活性炭的最佳条件及各影响因素对饱和泥质活性炭再生性能的影响。以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料制备泥质活性炭,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物污染泥质活性炭,探索了辅助溶液浓度、微波功率、辐照时间及泥质活性炭质量对再生性能的影响规律。结果表明,2 g饱和泥质活性炭在碱液浓度为30 g.L-1,微波功率为300 W,辐照时间为90 s时,性能恢复率最高,再生损耗率最小。碱液辅助微波再生泥质活性炭是一种可行的泥质活性炭再生方法。     

模糊综合评价在焦化废水处理技术中的应用

采集某焦化厂废水处理系统的数据,选取当前常用的3种焦化废水处理技术和该焦化厂现用废水处理技术建立了较为完整的模糊综合评价数学模型,选择技术综合评价的评价因素集,利用判断矩阵分析法确定各评价因素的权重,建立了各定量因素指标的隶属函数,确定了各定性因素指标的模糊评语集,最后以模糊矩阵的合成运算完成模糊综合评价.4种焦化废水处理技术的综合性能优劣次序为:该焦化厂现用废水处理技术>普通活性污泥法>湿式催化氧化法>多相光催化氧化法.     

Stockhome: A Spreadsheet Model of Urban Heavy Metal Metabolism

Computer models for analysis,visualising and decision support in environmentalresearch have become increasingly popular. TheStockhome project, where the urban metabolism ofheavy metals in Stockholm was studied, resultedin a database with historical data of the use ofgoods containing cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni)and zinc (Zn). A spreadsheet model was developedto study flows and stocks of the metalconsumption process and emissions. The modelindicates uncertainties of the data, societalaspects such as field of use and rights ofdisposition of the goods. By considering goods asthe drivers of the emissions, the model would bewell suited for policy support.     

上海市生活垃圾处置计划量指标测算模型初探

对生活垃圾处置计划管理政策的意义、生活垃圾处置计划指标测算模型建立的意义和作用进行分析,对建立模型的因素、计算公式、计算流程等进行详细说明,并对3个典型区县的实际情况进行了计算和分析,总结了模型存在的问题和完善方向。     

ROADWAY-2: A Model for Pollutant Dispersion near Highways

The formulations and evaluation of ROADWAY-2, a near-highway pollutant dispersion model, are described. This model incorporates vehicle wake parameterizations derived from canopy flow theory and wind tunnel measurements. The atmospheric velocity and turbulence fields are adjusted to account for velocity-deficit and turbulence production in vehicle wakes. A turbulent kinetic energy closure model of the atmospheric boundary layer is used to derive the mean velocity, temperature, and turbulence profiles from input meteorological data. ROADWAY-2 has been evaluated using SF₆ tracer data from General Motors Sulfate Dispersion Experiment. The model evaluationresults are presented and discussed.     

A Coupled Land-Surface and Dry Deposition Model and Comparison to Field Measurements of Surface Heat,Moisture, and Ozone Fluxes

We have developed a coupled land-surface and drydeposition model for realistic treatment of surface fluxes ofheat, moisture, and chemical dry deposition within acomprehensive air quality modelling system. A new land-surfacemodel (LSM) with explicit treatment of soil moisture andevapotranspiration and an indirect soil moisture nudging schemehas been added to a mesoscale meteorology model. The new drydeposition model uses the same aerodynamic and bulk stomatalresistances computed for evapotranspiration in the LSM. Thisprovides consistent land-surface and boundary layer propertiesacross the meteorological and chemical components of the system. The coupled dry deposition model also has the advantage of beingable to respond to changing soil moisture and vegetationconditions. Modelled surface fluxes of sensible and latent heatas well as ozone dry deposition velocities were compared to twofield experiments: a soybean field in Kentucky during summer 1995and a mixed forest in the Adirondacks of New York in July 1998.(on assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (author for correspondence, e-mail(on assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)     

高分子除氯剂对水中氯离子的吸附机理

采用高分子除氯剂吸附水中的氯离子,考察了除氯剂投加量、反应时间、反应温度、竞争离子等对氯离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明:随着除氯剂投加量增加,氯离子去除率不断提高;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,表明化学吸附可能是氯离子吸附过程的速率控制步骤;Elovich模型表明除氯剂表面吸附的氯离子存在非均相扩散的吸附-脱附过程;Freundlich等温吸附模型能更好地描述吸附过程,结合热力学计算表明该过程是一个自发进行的吸热熵增的化学吸附过程,温度越高自发程度越大。     

活性焦烟气脱汞的试验研究与数值模拟

采用固定床吸附系统，对自制褐煤活性焦的脱汞性能进行了试验研究，研究发现自制活性焦对烟气中Hg0有一定的吸附能力，随着Hg0的入口浓度的增加，活性焦质量的增加，活性焦的吸附量也在增加。40mg时3号活性焦由10ng/min汞入1：2浓度时26．68％的最大吸附效率提高到40ng／min汞入口浓度时的53．12％。10ng/min汞入口浓度时3号活性焦在40mg时的最大吸附效率为26．68％，而在80mg时吸附效率提高到43．2％。烟气中的SO2、NO气体对活性焦吸附汞有一定的促进作用。在试验的基础上建立了固定床吸附系统的数学模型，基于Lan—mguir吸附系数，考虑吸附过程中颗粒内、外的传质控制过程，建立质量平衡方程。通过Matlab模型计算，计算结果与试验结果基本吻合，计算的活性焦脱汞效率要优于试验数值，计算的是理想情况下活性焦对汞的吸附效率，实际情况会有所降低。     

Improvements in Air Quality Modelling by Using Surface Boundary Layer Parameters derived from Satellite Land Cover Data

Many atmospheric dispersion models include only simpletreatment of surface features to estimate the wind profilesand stability parameters. Detailed characterisation of theland cover, particularly in large and complex urbanconurbations, is especially important, as the surfacefeatures can vary significantly over the area. This paperdiscusses the use of satellite land cover data to derivespatially resolved surface boundary layer (SBL) parameters.These parameters have been used in an air quality model,PEARL (Prediction Air Quality in Urban and RegionalLocations) for estimating monthly and annual COconcentrations. Land cover data, derived from LANDSATThematic Mapper Imagery, has been used to estimate SBLparameters (surface roughness length, albeedo, Bowen ratioand anthropogenic heat flux) for a study area of 10000km² encompassing Greater London and the surroundingcounties. The SBL parameters have been assigned according tomajor land cover types for the whole area at a spatialresolution of 1 × 1 km. Predictions from two versions of the PEARL model (one with land cover data and one without)have been compared with each other and with measured data forannual and monthly CO concentrations from seven London airquality monitoring sites. This comparison shows thatdifferences between predicted and observed values can bereduced by up to a factor of three. The use of SBLparameters derived from land cover data also yields moredetailed predicted annual CO spatial patterns especially inand around suburban areas. The performance of both versionsof the model for monthly CO concentrations has been comparedwith a range of statistical measures. This comparisonconfirms that improved agreement is observed betweenmodelled and measured monthly CO concentrations when use ismade of spatially resolved SBL parameters.