扬州市农作物秸秆能源化利用的实践与启示

秸秆是一种具有多用途的可再生的生物资源。介绍了扬州市的几种秸秆高效能源化利用的方式,分析了扬州市秸秆能源化利用的现状和特点。扬州市秸秆能源化快速发展的实践,将给人们带来许多有益的启示和借鉴。     

秸秆和粪污资源化利用概述

中国是农业与畜禽大国,每年产生大量的秸秆和粪污,给生态环境带来巨大压力,需对这些废弃物进行妥善处理,使之能够再次为人类所用。本文从秸秆的肥料化,饲料化、燃料化、基料化、原料化和粪污肥料化,能源化、生态化、饲料化阐述秸秆与粪污的资源化利用现状。     

秸秆产业化现状及发展趋势

农业生产不断发展创造了丰富的秸秆资源,科学技术发展提供了秸秆产业化的技术保障,使秸秆产业化具有可行性。介绍了秸秆造纸、秸秆还田、秸秆作为动物饲料、秸秆生产燃料乙醇等的利用方式。探讨了秸秆未来的发展趋势和限制条件,为我国开展秸秆资源综合利用,减小因秸秆焚烧对大气环境产生的影响,提供了一定的参考。     

甘肃临夏州农作物秸秆饲料化利用暨废旧农膜回收利用工作推进会召开

近日，甘肃临夏州全州农作物秸秆饲料化利用暨废旧农膜回收利用工作推进会召开。与会人员先后深入临夏县、临夏市、广河县对农作物秸秆饲料化利用暨废旧农膜回收利用工作示范点进行了观摩。     

国家发展改革委办公厅农业部办公厅国家能源局综合司关于开展秸秆气化清洁能源利用工程建设的指导意见

正发改办环资[2017]2143号有关省、自治区、直辖市、新疆生产建设兵团、黑龙江省农垦总局发展改革委、农业厅(委、办、局)、能源局(办):为贯彻落实党的十九大会议精神,大力推进生态文明建设、乡村振兴战略和农村能源革命,开展秸秆气化清洁能源利用工程建设,拓展农村清洁能源供给渠道,推动秸秆综合利用高值化、产业化发展,完成"十三五"秸秆综合利用目标任务,提出如下     

能源互联网构建视角下河南可再生能源产业发展对策研究

地球上太阳能、风能等可再生能源具有波动性、随机性、难以存储和运输、转化效率低等缺陷,给可再生能源利用带来了巨大挑战,能源互联网的提出为可再生能源大规模利用提供了愿景。各地可再生能源资源禀赋各异,结合区域状况的可再生能源发展研究更具参考价值。首先探讨了能源互联网的内涵,分析了能源互联网构建为河南可再生能源产业发展带来的机遇,最后提出河南可再生能源产业发展对策。     

利用味精废液生产高蛋白秸秆生物饲料的方法

该发明公开了一种利用味精废液生产高蛋白秸秆生物饲料的方法。其制备步骤如下：将味精废液、发酵剂喷洒到秸秆或秸秆粉上拌匀，加水搅拌后装袋密封、堆放发酵，其中原料的质量比为秸秆70—90份、味精废液10～30份，发酵剂为秸秆或秸秆粉质量的0．2％～1．0％。该发明综合利用味精废液和农作物秸秆两大污染环境的有机废弃物，生产高蛋白秸秆生物饲料，饲料蛋白含量高，     

环资司召开秸秆综合利用座谈会

<正>为进一步推动秸秆综合利用工作,近日,国家发展改革委环资司在京组织召开了专家座谈会,就秸秆综合利用现状和政策建议听取与会专家意见和建议。座谈会上,来自相关行业协会、科研院所和企业的专家讨论了秸秆能源化、原料     

农业废弃物秸秆高值化综合利用研究与实践

我国是农业大国,每年农业废弃物秸秆产生量超过10亿t,其中可收集利用量达9亿t,秸秆是一种宝贵的可再生资源,但是长期以来由于受消费观念和生活方式的影响,我国秸秆资源完全处于高消耗、高污染、低产出的状况,收集利用一直是我国亟待解决的难题。对农业废弃物秸秆高值化综合利用体系建设进行分析阐述,并以山东泉林集团有限公司为案例,详细介绍了其在农业废弃物秸秆高值化综合利用方面的实践,以期为我国秸秆综合利用及秸秆收储运提供新的借鉴经验,加快农业废弃物秸秆高值化综合利用体系的推广,解决秸秆资源浪费及其带来的负面影响。     

农作物秸秆综合利用新技术——工业化生产羧甲基纤维素

从农作物秸秆引起的污染问题着手,论述了农作物秸秆的各项综合利用技术;在实验室研究的基础上,提出了工业化生产羧甲基纤维素的综合利用技术,不仅可以解决农作物秸秆焚烧引起的污染问题,还可以创造可观的经济效益.     

Effect of water washing on the thermal behavior of rice straw

Rice straw can be used as a renewable fuel for heat and power generation. It is a viable mean of replacing fossil fuels and preventing pollution caused by open burning, especially in the areas where this residual biomass is generated. Nevertheless, the thermal conversion of rice straw can cause some operating problems such as slag formation, which negatively affects thermal conversion systems. So, the main objective of this research is studying the combustion behavior of rice straw samples collected from various regions by applying thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the thermal behavior of ashes from rice straw was also analyzed in order to detect their melting points, and ash sintering was detected at different temperatures within the range between 550 and 1000 °C. Since washing rice straw with water could reduce the content of undesirable inorganic compounds related to the ash fusibility, samples of washed rice straw were analyzed under combustion conditions to investigate its differences regarding the thermal behavior of rice straw. The results showed that rice straw washing led to a significant improvement in its thermal behavior, since it reduced the ash contents and sintering formation.     

Influence of moisture content,particle size and forming temperature on productivity and quality of rice straw pellets

A large amount of rice straw is generated and left as much in paddy fields, which causes greenhouse gas emissions as methane. Rice straw can be used as bioenergy. Rice straw pellets are a promising technology because pelletization of rice straw is a form of mass and energy densification, which leads to a product that is easy to handle, transport, store and utilize because of the increase in the bulk density. The operational conditions required to produce high quality rice straw pellets have not been determined. This study determined the optimal moisture content range required to produce rice straw pellets with high yield ratio and high heating value, and also determined the influence of particle size and the forming temperature on the yield ratio and durability of rice straw pellets. The optimal moisture content range was between 13% and 20% under a forming temperature of 60 or 80 °C. The optimal particle size was between 10 and 20 mm, considering the time and energy required for shredding, although the particle size did not significantly affect the yield ratio and durability of the pellets. The optimized conditions provided high quality rice straw pellets with nearly 90% yield ratio, ?12 MJ/kg for the lower heating value, and >95% durability.     

含砷废料资源化利用与无害化处置现状

砷及其砷化物有剧毒,若处置不当,通过土壤、大气和水介质等各种途径进入环境,严重影响人类的生存环境。因此对含砷废料资源化利用和无害化处理一直是环保工作重要研究课题。针对含砷废料来源、稳定性评价方法和资源化综合利用技术进行分析,在此基础上提出含砷废料资源化利用和无害化处置建议。要从根本上建立健全相应的法律法规、标准体系,建立管理网络,培育市场运行体系,强化技术支撑体系,大力推广减量化、资源化、无害化的高新实用技术。     

Effects of urea addition on anaerobic digestion characteristics of hulless barley straw pretreated with KOH

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The objective of this study was to improve the comprehensive utilization of hulless barley straw during anaerobic digestion (AD) by exploring the...     

Injection Molded Wheat Straw and Corn Stem Filled Polypropylene Composites

Environmentally friendly composite materials can be prepared using wood fibers and/or various types of agro-derived fibers as reinforcements. In this study, agro-residues such as wheat straw and corn stem filled polypropylene were prepared and their suitability was investigated as a reinforcing filler in thermoplastics and as an alternative to the wood flour filled plastics. Effect of compounding techniques, compatibilizer and fungal treatment of agro-residues on the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. It was found that high shear compounding of wheat straw fibers exhibited similar properties to that produced by the milled wheat straw. This may be due to the extensive fiber breakage occurred during the high shear compounding that results in a similar aspect ratio to that of milled straw. Compatibilizer is needed for improving the strength properties of the agro-residue filled PP composites. Fungal treatment of milled wheat straw did not show much improvement in the strength properties of the composites. Comparison of mechanical properties of the agro-residue filled PP with that of the wood flour and the old newsprint filled PP showed the suitability of the agro-residues as alternative filler for thermoplastics.     

麦秸基木质陶瓷/凹凸棒石复合材料制备与性能表征

介绍了以麦秸秆、凹凸棒石为原料,以酚醛树脂、固化剂为辅料,按照不同的配比进行混合、干燥、热压,而后采用高温烧结工艺,制备新型复合碳材料。试验制备了各种不同原料配比以及不同烧结温度下的材料,并对材料的物理强度、密度、气孔率、强度、电阻率等性能进行了测试,对其性能表征、形成机理和形成规律进行分析,初步探讨了原料选择、原料配比、碳化温度等参数对制备工艺以及复合材料性能的影响,确定了当麦秸秆∶凹凸棒石=2∶1和3∶1,温度为700～800℃时,材料的各物理性能较为理想。实验证明麦秸秆为原材料制备凹凸棒石的可行性,为麦秸秆的资源化利用、凹凸棒石的应用以及木质陶瓷复合材料的研究开辟了新的研究方向。     

Wet explosion of wheat straw and codigestion with swine manure: Effect on the methane productivity

The continuously increasing demand for renewable energy sources renders anaerobic digestion to one of the most promising technologies for renewable energy production. Twenty-two (22) large-scale biogas plants are currently under operation in Denmark. Most of these plants use manure as the primary feedstock but their economical profitable operation relies on the addition of other biomass products with a high biogas yield. Wheat straw is the major crop residue in Europe and the second largest agricultural residue in the world. So far it has been used in several applications, i.e. pulp and paper making, production of regenerated cellulose fibers as an alternative to wood for cellulose-based materials and ethanol production. The advantage of exploiting wheat straw for various applications is that it is available in considerable quantity and at low-cost. In the present study, the codigestion of swine manure with wheat straw in a continuous operated system was investigated, as a method to increase the efficiency of biogas plants that are based on anaerobic digestion of swine manure. Also, the pretreatment of wheat straw with the wet explosion method was studied and the efficiency of the wet explosion process was evaluated based on (a) the sugars release and (b) the methane potential of the pretreated wheat straw compared to that of the raw biomass. It was found that, although a high release of soluble sugars was observed after wet explosion, the methane obtained from the wet-exploded wheat straw was slightly lower compared to that from the raw biomas s. On the other hand, the results from the codigestion of raw (non-pretreated) wheat straw with swine manure were very promising, suggesting that 4.6 kg of straw added to 1 t of manure increase the methane production by 10%. Thus, wheat straw can be considered as a promising, low-cost biomass for increasing the methane productivity of biogas plants that are based mainly on swine manure.     

改性秸秆制备固定化微生物及对钻井泥浆的处理

将小麦秸秆改性后制备改性秸秆固定化微生物,用于处理钻井泥浆。考察了改性时间、改性剂浓度、改性剂配比对秸秆吸附微生物效果的影响,以及改性秸秆固定化微生物对钻井泥浆的处理效果。实验结果表明:在改性时间为60 min、氢氧化钠溶液浓度为0.1 mol/L、过氧化氢溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、氢氧化钠溶液与过氧化氢溶液体积比为3∶1的最佳改性条件下,改性秸秆的BET比表面积增大了36.27%,Langmuir比表面积增加了37.63%,微生物吸附量增加了200.77%;在钻井泥浆处理量为1 000 g、改性秸秆固定化微生物加入量为2 g、土壤加入量为1 000 g、处理时间为15 d的条件下,钻井泥浆COD、可溶性盐、石油烃的去除率分别为84.9%,71.6%,90.1%。     

秸杆发电烟气处理技术探讨

通过对国能宁阳项目秸杆发电锅炉配套烟气处理系统设计方案的分析和探讨，提出了防火星、防二次燃烧的结构设计及袋式除尘器的设计方案及注意事项。